華為HCIP認(rèn)證ENSP實(shí)現(xiàn)小型企業(yè)網(wǎng)三層架構(gòu)詳解

本文講述了華為HCIP認(rèn)證ENSP實(shí)現(xiàn)小型企業(yè)網(wǎng)三層架構(gòu)。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:
三層架構(gòu)框架:
接入層:提供端口的密度,用于用戶(hù)終端的接入。一般使用二層交換機(jī)、AP等設(shè)備。
匯聚層(分布層):流量的集合處??梢杂玫降募夹g(shù)有:DHCP / VLAN / STP / HSRP / VRRP / channel / QOS / ACL…
核心層:使用NAT實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)網(wǎng)與公網(wǎng)之間的訪問(wèn)。能夠進(jìn)行高速路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。
三層架構(gòu)的核心:
冗余—備份。 線路備份、設(shè)備備份、網(wǎng)關(guān)備份、UPS(電源)備份。
注:UPS(電源)備份不屬于技術(shù)。設(shè)備若存在雙電源口,將兩根電源查到不同的供電處即可實(shí)現(xiàn)電源備份。
三層架構(gòu)案例:
拓?fù)鋱D:
要求:
1:ISP只能配置公有IP,不得再進(jìn)行其他任何配置。
2:所有PC通過(guò)DHCP獲取IP地址。
3:STP-MSTP合理分組,VLAN—混用中繼和混雜模式。
4:內(nèi)網(wǎng)IP地址基于172.16.0.0/16合理分配。
5:ISP Telnet 登錄R1的公有IP地址,實(shí)際登錄到SW1上。
6:正常所有PC均可以訪問(wèn)ISP環(huán)回。當(dāng)隨機(jī)在SW1和SW2中關(guān)閉一臺(tái)設(shè)備時(shí),PC依然可以正常訪問(wèn)ISP。
配置與思路:
1:劃分IP地址。
R1與R2之間公有地址使用12.1.1.0/24網(wǎng)段,ISP(R2)環(huán)回地址為2.2.2.0/24.
內(nèi)網(wǎng)IP地址:
172.16.0.0/27----R1與SW1之間 172.16.0.32/27----R1與SW2之間 172.16.0.64/27----VLAN1 172.16.0.66/27----VLAN1的網(wǎng)關(guān) 172.16.0.96/27----VLAN2 172.16.0.98/27----VLAN2的網(wǎng)關(guān) 172.16.0.128/27----VLAN3 172.16.0.130/27----VLAN3的網(wǎng)關(guān)
2:配置
1>:在SW1上配置DHCP,并且作為主網(wǎng)關(guān)使所有PC可以通過(guò)DHCP獲取IP地址
SW1:
<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sy [Huawei]sysname sw1 [sw1] [sw1]vlan 2 [sw1-vlan2]quit [sw1]vlan 3 [sw1-vlan3]quit [sw1]interface Vlanif 1 [sw1-Vlanif1]ip address 172.16.0.65 27 [sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.0.66 [sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120 [sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 20 [sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 30 [sw1-Vlanif1] [sw1-Vlanif1]quit [sw1]dhcp enable [sw1]ip pool 1 [sw1-ip-pool-1]network 172.16.0.64 mask 27 [sw1-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 172.16.0.66 [sw1-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8 [sw1-ip-pool-1]quit [sw1]interface Vlanif 1 [sw1-Vlanif1]dhcp select global [sw1-Vlanif1]quit [sw1] [sw1]interface Vlanif 2 [sw1-Vlanif2]ip add [sw1-Vlanif2]ip address 172.16.0.97 27 [sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 172.16.0.98 [sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 priority 120 [sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 preempt-mode timer delay 20 [sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 30 [sw1-Vlanif2]quit [sw1]ip pool 2 [sw1-ip-pool-2]network 172.16.0.96 mask 27 [sw1-ip-pool-2]gateway-list 172.16.0.98 [sw1-ip-pool-2]dns-list 8.8.8.8 [sw1-ip-pool-2]quit [sw1] [sw1]interface Vlanif 2 [sw1-Vlanif2]dhcp select global [sw1-Vlanif2]quit [sw1]interface Vlanif 3 [sw1-Vlanif3]ip address 172.16.0.129 27 [sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 virtual-ip 172.16.0.130 [sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 priority 120 [sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 preempt-mode timer delay 20 [sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 30 [sw1-Vlanif3]quit [sw1]ip pool 3 [sw1-ip-pool-3]network 172.16.0.128 mask 27 [sw1-ip-pool-3]gateway-list 172.16.0.130 [sw1-ip-pool-3]dns-list 8.8.8.8 [sw1-ip-pool-3]quit [sw1]interface Vlanif 3 [sw1-Vlanif3]dhcp select global [sw1-Vlanif3]quit [sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4 [sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3 [sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit [sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/5 [sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3 [sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]quit [sw1]
SW3:
<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname sw3 [sw3]interface Eth0/0/1 [sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk [sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3 [sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]quit [sw3]vlan 2 [sw3-vlan2]quit [sw3]vlan 3 [sw3-vlan3]quit [sw3]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/3 to Ethernet 0/0/5 [sw3-port-group]port link-type access [sw3-port-group]quit [sw3]interface Eth0/0/4 [sw3-Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 2 [sw3-Ethernet0/0/4]quit [sw3]interface Eth0/0/5 [sw3-Ethernet0/0/5]port default vlan 3 [sw3-Ethernet0/0/5]quit [sw3]
SW4:
<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname sw4 [sw4]interface Eth0/0/1 [sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk [sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3 [sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]quit [sw4]vlan 2 [sw4-vlan2]quit [sw4]vlan 3 [sw4-vlan3]quit [sw4]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/3 to Ethernet 0/0/4 [sw4-port-group]port link-type access [sw4-port-group]quit [sw4]interface Eth0/0/3 [sw4-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 2 [sw4-Ethernet0/0/3]quit [sw4]interface Eth0/0/4 [sw4-Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 3 [sw4-Ethernet0/0/4]quit [sw4]
測(cè)試:
PC1:
PC2:
PC3:
PC4:
PC5:
測(cè)試得出所有PC將SW1作為網(wǎng)關(guān)通過(guò)DHCP可以正常獲取IP地址。
2>:在SW2上進(jìn)行配置,使SW2作為SW2的備份網(wǎng)關(guān)。并且SW1與SW2之間的鏈路進(jìn)行疊加。
SW2:
<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname sw2 [sw2]vlan 2 [sw2-vlan2]quit [sw2]vlan 3 [sw2-vlan3]quit [sw2]interface Vlanif 1 [sw2-Vlanif1]ip address 172.16.0.67 27 [sw2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.0.66 [sw2-Vlanif1]quit [sw2]dhcp enable [sw2]ip pool 1 [sw2-ip-pool-1]network 172.16.0.64 mask 27 [sw2-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 172.16.0.66 [sw2-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8 [sw2-ip-pool-1]quit [sw2]interface Vlanif 1 [sw2-Vlanif1]dhcp select global [sw2-Vlanif1]quit [sw2] [sw2]interface Vlanif 2 [sw2-Vlanif2]ip address 172.16.0.99 27 [sw2-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 172.16.0.98 [sw2-Vlanif2]quit [sw2]ip pool 2 [sw2-ip-pool-2]network 172.16.0.96 mask 27 [sw2-ip-pool-2]gateway-list 172.16.0.98 [sw2-ip-pool-2]dns-list 8.8.8.8 [sw2-ip-pool-2]quit [sw2]interface Vlanif 2 [sw2-Vlanif2]dhcp select global [sw2-Vlanif2]quit [sw2] [sw2]interface Vlanif 3 [sw2-Vlanif3]ip address 172.16.0.131 27 [sw2-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 virtual-ip 172.16.0.130 [sw2-Vlanif3]quit [sw2]ip pool 3 [sw2-ip-pool-3]network 172.16.0.128 mask 27 [sw2-ip-pool-3]gateway-list 172.16.0.130 [sw2-ip-pool-3]dns-list 8.8.8.8 [sw2-ip-pool-3]quit [sw2]interface Vlanif 3 [sw2-Vlanif3]dhcp select global [sw2-Vlanif3]quit [sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/5 [sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3 [sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]quit [sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4 [sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3 [sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit
SW4:
[sw4]interface Eth0/0/2 [sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk [sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3 [sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]quit
SW3:
[sw3]interface Eth0/0/2 [sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk [sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3 [sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]quit
鏈路疊加:
鏈路疊加的要求:
1、通道的對(duì)端必須為同一臺(tái)設(shè)備;
2、通道的所有物理接口應(yīng)該具有相同的速率、雙工模式;相同的類(lèi)型,相同的vlan允許列表;
SW1:
[sw1]interface Eth-Trunk 0 [sw1-Eth-Trunk0]quit [sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]eth-trunk 0 [sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit [sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 [sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]eth-trunk 0 [sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit [sw1]interface Eth-Trunk 0 [sw1-Eth-Trunk0]port link-type hybrid [sw1-Eth-Trunk0]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3 [sw1-Eth-Trunk0]quit
SW2:
[sw2]interface Eth-Trunk 0 [sw2-Eth-Trunk0]quit [sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]eth-trunk 0 [sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit [sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 [sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]eth-trunk 0 [sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit [sw2]interface Eth-Trunk 0 [sw2-Eth-Trunk0]port link-type hybrid [sw2-Eth-Trunk0]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3 [sw2-Eth-Trunk0]quit
3>:配置MSTP,VLAN1劃入組1,VLAN2、3劃入組2,且主根為SW1,備份根為SW2。
SW1:
[sw1]stp mode mstp [sw1]stp enable [sw1]stp region-configuration [sw1-mst-region]region-name a [sw1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1 [sw1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3 [sw1-mst-region]active region-configuration [sw1-mst-region]quit [sw1]stp instance 1 root primary [sw1]stp instance 2 root primary
SW2:
[sw2]stp mode mstp [sw2]stp enable [sw2]stp region-configuration [sw2-mst-region]region-name a [sw2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1 [sw2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3 [sw2-mst-region]active region-configuration [sw2-mst-region]quit [sw2]stp instance 1 root secondary [sw2]stp instance 2 root secondary
SW3:
[sw3]stp mode mstp [sw3]stp enable [sw3]stp region-configuration [sw3-mst-region]region-name a [sw3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1 [sw3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3 [sw3-mst-region]active region-configuration [sw3-mst-region]quit
SW4:
[sw4]stp mode mstp [sw4]stp enable [sw4]stp region-configuration [sw4-mst-region]region-name a [sw4-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1 [sw4-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3 [sw4-mst-region]active region-configuration [sw4-mst-region]quit
4>:在SW1和SW2上給物理接口配置IP地址來(lái)讓SW1和SW2能與R1進(jìn)行訪問(wèn)。
注:由于ENSP上的三層交換機(jī)在模擬器上不能直接給物理接口配置IP地址(真機(jī)可以),所以需要換思路:將需要配置IP地址的接口改為access模式并且劃分到一個(gè)VLAN中,然后給該VLAN配置IP地址即可達(dá)到相同的效果。
SW1:
[sw1]vlan 10 [sw1-vlan10]quit [sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access [sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10 [sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [sw1]interface Vlanif 10 [sw1-Vlanif10]ip address 172.16.0.2 27 [sw1-Vlanif10]quit
SW2:
[sw2]vlan 10 [sw2-vlan10] [sw2-vlan10]quit [sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access [sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10 [sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [sw2]interface Vlanif 10 [sw2-Vlanif10]ip address 172.16.0.34 27 [sw2-Vlanif10]quit
R1:
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.1 27 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.0.33 27 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
測(cè)試R1與SW1和SW2物理接口能否正常訪問(wèn):
5>:在R1上配置VLAN1、2、3的靜態(tài)路由,下一跳分別為SW1和SW2連接R1的物理接口,且下一跳為SW2連接R1的接口的路由為備份路由,優(yōu)先級(jí)數(shù)值較大。
R1:
[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.64 27 172.16.0.2 [r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.96 27 172.16.0.2 [r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.128 27 172.16.0.2 [r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.64 27 172.16.0.34 preference 61 [r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.96 27 172.16.0.34 preference 61 [r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.128 27 172.16.0.34 preference 61
6>:在R1和R2上配置公網(wǎng)地址,并通過(guò)NAT實(shí)現(xiàn)所有PC可以訪問(wèn)ISP環(huán)回
R1:
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [r1]acl 2000 [r1-acl-basic-2000]rule 5 permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255 [r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.1.1.2
SW1:
[sw1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.0.1
SW2:
[sw2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.0.33
測(cè)試所有PC能否正常訪問(wèn)ISP環(huán)回:
PC1:
PC2:
PC3:
PC4:
PC5:
7>:在SW1上開(kāi)啟telnet服務(wù),并在R1上配置端口映射。
SW1:
[sw1]user-interface vty 0 4 [sw1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode password [sw1-ui-vty0-4]user privilege level 15 [sw1-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password simple huawei123 [sw1-ui-vty0-4]quit
R1:
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface telnet inside 172.16.0.2 telnet Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa ilure. Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
在R2上進(jìn)行測(cè)試:
<r2>telnet 12.1.1.1 Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode Trying 12.1.1.1 ... Connected to 12.1.1.1 ... Login authentication Password: Info: The max number of VTY users is 5, and the number of current VTY users on line is 1. The current login time is 2019-11-14 21:54:52. <sw1>sy <sw1>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [sw1] [sw1]
測(cè)試:將SW1設(shè)備關(guān)閉,再次測(cè)試PC能否正常訪問(wèn)ISP環(huán)回。
PC1:
PC2:
PC3:
PC4:
PC5:
3:MSTP測(cè)試
對(duì)于生成樹(shù)而言,根網(wǎng)橋?yàn)镾W1,則為避免環(huán)路會(huì)阻塞SW4連接3號(hào)線的端口。PC4、5獲取DHCP是通過(guò)SW4連接2號(hào)線的端口進(jìn)行獲取的(主網(wǎng)關(guān)正常的情況下)。此時(shí)斷開(kāi)2號(hào)線,測(cè)試PC4、5能否正常訪問(wèn) ISP環(huán)回。
SW4:
[sw4]interface Eth0/0/1 [sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]shutdown
PC4:
PC5:
對(duì)于生成樹(shù)組1而言,正常情況下會(huì)阻塞SW3連接2號(hào)線的端口(主網(wǎng)關(guān)正常),PC1通過(guò)SW3連接3號(hào)線的端口獲取IP地址。將SW3連接3號(hào)線的端口關(guān)閉,再次測(cè)試PC1能否正常訪問(wèn)ISP環(huán)回。
SW3:
[sw3]interface Eth0/0/1 [sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]shutdown
PC1:
至此,ENSP實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)網(wǎng)三層架構(gòu)全部完成。但缺點(diǎn)是接入層的PC沒(méi)有做線路冗余,沒(méi)有達(dá)到高可靠性。
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這篇文章主要介紹了華為HCIP認(rèn)證學(xué)習(xí)筆記 - OSPF協(xié)議基礎(chǔ),總結(jié)分析了OSPF的概念、原理、使用方法及相關(guān)操作注意事項(xiàng),需要的朋友可以參考下2020-05-01華為HCIP學(xué)習(xí)筆記 - BGP 路由優(yōu)選小結(jié)
這篇文章主要介紹了華為HCIP學(xué)習(xí)筆記 - BGP 路由優(yōu)選,總結(jié)整理了BGP路由優(yōu)選相關(guān)概念、操作命令及注意事項(xiàng),需要的朋友可以參考下2020-05-01華為HCIP學(xué)習(xí)筆記 - BGP 基本概念與命令概述
這篇文章主要介紹了華為HCIP學(xué)習(xí)筆記 - BGP 基本概念與命令,結(jié)合圖文形式總結(jié)敘述了HCIP認(rèn)證BGP基本概念、原理與配置、查看命令,需要的朋友可以參考下2020-04-30華為HCIP認(rèn)證 - BGP協(xié)議原理與配置方法詳解
這篇文章主要介紹了華為HCIP認(rèn)證 - BGP協(xié)議原理與配置方法,詳細(xì)總結(jié)分析了華為HCIP認(rèn)證BGP協(xié)議相關(guān)概念、原理、配置方法及操作注意事項(xiàng),需要的朋友可以參考下2020-04-30