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第九章 關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)組/哈希表

by flamephoenix

1 : #!/usr/local/bin/perl
2 :
3 : while ($inputline = <STDIN>) {
4 :   while ($inputline =~ /\b[A-Z]\S+/g) {
5 :     $word = $&;
6 :     $word =~ s/[;.,:-]$//; # remove punctuation
7 :     for ($count = 1; $count <= @wordlist;
8 :         $count++) {
9 :       $found = 0;
10:       if ($wordlist[$count-1] eq $word) {
11:         $found = 1;
12:         $wordcount[$count-1] += 1;
13:         last;
14:       }
15:     }
16:     if ($found == 0) {
17:       $oldlength = @wordlist;
18:       $wordlist[$oldlength] = $word;
19:       $wordcount[$oldlength] = 1;
20:     }
21:   }
22: }
23: print ("Capitalized words and number of occurrences:\n");
24: for ($count = 1; $count <= @wordlist; $count++) {
25:   print ("$wordlist[$count-1]: $wordcount[$count-1]\n");
26: }

Here is a line of Input.
This Input contains some Capitalized words.
^D
Capitalized words and number of occurrences:
Here: 1
Input: 2
This: 1
Capitalized: 1

$fruit{"bananas"}
$number{3.14159}
$integer{-7}

1 : #!/usr/local/bin/perl
2 :
3 : while ($inputline = ) {
4 :   while ($inputline =~ /\b[A-Z]\S+/g) {
5 :     $word = $&;
6 :     $word =~ s/[;.,:-]$//; # remove punctuation
7 :     $wordlist{$word} += 1;
8 :   }
9 : }
10: print ("Capitalized words and number of occurrences:\n");
11: foreach $capword (keys(%wordlist)) {
12:   print ("$capword: $wordlist{$capword}\n");
13: }

Here is a line of Input.
This Input contains some Capitalized words.
^D
Capitalized words and number of occurrences:
This: 1
Input: 2
Here: 1
Capitalized: 1

foreach $capword (sort keys(%wordlist)) {
  print ("$capword: $wordlist{$capword}\n");
}

下標(biāo)為apples的元素，值為17

下標(biāo)為bananas的元素，值為9

下標(biāo)為oranges的元素，值為none

1: #!/usr/local/bin/perl
2:
3: $inputline = <STDIN>;
4: $inputline =~ s/^\s+|\s+\n$//g;
5: %fruit = split(/\s+/, $inputline);
6: print ("Number of bananas: $fruit{\"bananas\"}\n");

oranges 5 apples 7 bananas 11 cherries 6
Number of bananas: 11

1、一定要使用delete函數(shù)來(lái)刪除關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)組的元素，這是唯一的方法。
2、一定不要對(duì)關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)組使用內(nèi)嵌函數(shù)push、pop、shift及splice，因?yàn)槠湓�素位置是隨機(jī)的。

%fruit = ("apples", 9,
          "bananas", 23,
          "cherries", 11);
@fruitsubs = keys(%fruits);

%fruit = ("apples", 9,
           "bananas", 23,
           "cherries", 11);
@fruitvalues = values(%fruits);

foreach $holder (keys(%records)){
  $record = $records{$holder};
}

%records = ("Maris", 61, "Aaron", 755, "Young", 511);
while (($holder, $record) = each(%records)) {
  # stuff goes here
}

struce{
  int field1;
  int field2;
  int field3; }mystructvar;

%mystructvar = ("field1" , "" ,
      "field2" , "" ,
      "field3" , "" ,);

因?yàn)槊總�(gè)子節(jié)點(diǎn)均為一個(gè)樹(shù)，所以左/右子節(jié)點(diǎn)也稱(chēng)為左/右子樹(shù)。（有時(shí)稱(chēng)左/右分支）

第一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)（不是任何節(jié)點(diǎn)的子節(jié)點(diǎn)的節(jié)點(diǎn)）稱(chēng)為樹(shù)的根。

沒(méi)有孩子（子節(jié)點(diǎn)）的節(jié)點(diǎn)稱(chēng)為葉節(jié)點(diǎn)。

1 : #!/usr/local/bin/perl
2 :
3 : $rootname = "parent";
4 : %tree = ("parentleft", "child1",
5 :          "parentright", "child2",
6 :          "child1left", "grandchild1",
7 :          "child1right", "grandchild2",
8 :          "child2left", "grandchild3",
9 :          "child2right", "grandchild4");
10: # traverse tree, printing its elements
11: &print_tree($rootname);
12:
13: sub print_tree {
14:   local ($nodename) = @_;
15:   local ($leftchildname, $rightchildname);
16:
17:   $leftchildname = $nodename . "left";
18:   $rightchildname = $nodename . "right";
19:   if ($tree{$leftchildname} ne "") {
20:     &print_tree($tree{$leftchildname});
21:   }
22:   print ("$nodename\n");
23:   if ($tree{$rightchildname} ne "") {
24:     &print_tree($tree{$rightchildname});
25:   }
26: }

grandchild1
child1
grandchild2
parent
grandchild3
child2
grandchild4

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