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Scp如何使用密碼拷貝文件

更新時間：2025年02月12日 14:12:03 作者：chalmers_15

在Linux系統(tǒng)中使用scp命令復(fù)制文件的兩種方法：手動輸入密碼和使用密鑰拷貝,手動輸入密碼時,系統(tǒng)會提示輸入密碼；使用密鑰拷貝時,需要先生成ssh密鑰對,并將公鑰添加到遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器的~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中

Scp使用密碼拷貝文件

在Linux系統(tǒng)中，scp是一個非常好用的命令，可以用于在本地和遠(yuǎn)程計算機(jī)之間復(fù)制文件和目錄。

使用scp命令復(fù)制文件時，你可以使用兩種方法來提供密碼：

直接拷貝(手動輸入密碼)

下面是使用scp命令復(fù)制文件并手動輸入密碼的方法：

scp username@remote_host:/path/to/remote/file /path/to/local/directory

在上面的命令中，username是遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器的用戶名，remote_host是遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器的IP地址或域名，/path/to/remote/file是遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器上的文件路徑，/path/to/local/directory是本地服務(wù)器上的目標(biāo)目錄。

當(dāng)你運(yùn)行這個命令時，系統(tǒng)會提示你輸入密碼。輸入密碼后，文件就會被復(fù)制到本地服務(wù)器上。

[root@localhost dg]# scp gameSrv.jar root@192.168.2.67:/usr/my_server/
The authenticity of host '192.168.2.67 (192.168.2.67)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:8KXTdTgAUO6ESWUkYXLMfEVZQH8uSn3jb4DnuH651bY.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:7f:1f:0e:9e:c3:ed:8d:cd:1b:a0:e9:f7:89:1d:e1:4b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.2.67' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.2.67's password:

使用密鑰拷貝(ssh密鑰對)

使用ssh-keygen生成ssh密鑰對，然后將公鑰添加到遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器的~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中，這樣在復(fù)制文件時就不需要輸入密碼了。

下面是使用ssh-keygen生成ssh密鑰對并將公鑰添加到遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器的方法：

1.在本地服務(wù)器上生成ssh密鑰對

這臺機(jī)器的ip是：192.168.2.66(機(jī)器1) （需要在你自己的機(jī)器1上執(zhí)行）

直接下一步下一步就好。

[root@localhost dg]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:nXsv3egTQHkKpzbBiQ99nkegxmO38WKNyozj48TsptQ root@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|         + ..o   |
|        o.*.= o  |
|         o*Oo=   |
|         +=+=*.  |
|        S.o.=oo  |
|       + + + ..  |
|      . E = .. + |
|     . +o. ...+ .|
|      .++.   oo. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@localhost dg]# 
[root@localhost dg]# cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC2gLD9dsTTaRImIC4mhWxYy2ESe3f/kj+xpBA5ixOJDgN3lUIFbHBZKY0f2ESHV1cZj/DXG2qkJD5dd4dPPJEPsycFmtLI1Y1OKvEIlMK3pSpTNkUZ5aGPxRJi1vwEzqcglZXPmzT5w6s42laSY4o49dSRYBDCxt7Aq6t3IQU+MvxmEpZ+IThsYngBY6vXnhkjNAZ5JGdax1fgpYpvTsFRbFPKEqTvqSu2lpKGCXRclPyF6TkXqAFj1PxgnGZ8gFJ/1z5dk38K0KtQzCdRo8Fx+i1OQ6IDuBMMDGg/TIaNL7Zsqw/KJFs6rrrWVy0QUKE5zpb/HeKxlBorbQOdHXFh root@localhost.localdomain
[root@localhost dg]#

2.將生成的公鑰（默認(rèn)為~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub）添加到遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器上

需要換成自己的用戶名和ip(機(jī)器2)，會提示輸入192.168.2.67(機(jī)器2)的登錄密碼

[root@localhost dg]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.2.67
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.2.67's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.2.67'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@localhost dg]#

3.測試一下連接看是否需要輸入密碼

[root@localhost dg]# 
[root@localhost dg]# ssh root@192.168.2.67
Last login: Tue Aug 13 16:59:28 2024 from 192.168.2.35
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]#

4.拷貝一個文件試試

[root@localhost dg]# 
[root@localhost dg]# scp gameSrv.jar root@192.168.2.67:/usr/my_server/
gameSrv.jar                                                                                                                                                                                         100% 5959KB  95.2MB/s   00:00    
[root@localhost dg]# 
[root@localhost dg]#

5.做一個腳本復(fù)制

IPS=("192.168.99.3" "192.168.99.1" "192.168.99.4")
PORTS=("55898" "33488" "31880")

for i in "${!IPS[@]}"; do
    scp -P ${PORTS[$i]} -r server root@${IPS[$i]}:/usr/my_server/javaServer/dg
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "server upload to ${IPS[$i]} successful!"
    else
        echo "server upload to ${IPS[$i]} failed!"
    fi

    scp -P ${PORTS[$i]} gameSrv.jar root@${IPS[$i]}:/usr/my_server/javaServer/dg
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "gameSrv upload to ${IPS[$i]} successful!"
    else
        echo "gameSrv upload to ${IPS[$i]} failed!"
    fi

done