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使用Python結(jié)合Tkinter和PyAutoGUI開發(fā)精確截圖工具

更新時(shí)間：2025年03月31日 08:27:13 作者：winfredzhang

在日常工作中,截圖是一個(gè)非常常見的需求,雖然?Windows?自帶截圖工具,但有時(shí)我們需要更精確的截圖方式,比如選取特定區(qū)域、快速保存截圖并進(jìn)行預(yù)覽,本篇博客將介紹一個(gè)使用?Python?結(jié)合?Tkinter?和?PyAutoGUI?開發(fā)的精確截圖工具,需要的朋友可以參考下

運(yùn)行結(jié)果

全部代碼

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import pyautogui
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageTk, ImageGrab
import os
from datetime import datetime
import time

class ImprovedScreenshotTool:
    def __init__(self):
        # Create the main window
        self.root = tk.Tk()
        self.root.title("精確截圖工具")
        self.root.geometry("400x200")
        self.root.resizable(False, False)
        
        # Center the window
        self.center_window()
        
        # Create a frame for the controls
        control_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)
        control_frame.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X)
        
        # Create and place the screenshot button
        self.screenshot_btn = ttk.Button(
            control_frame, 
            text="開始截圖",
            width=20,
            command=self.prepare_screenshot
        )
        self.screenshot_btn.pack(pady=10)
        
        # Status label
        self.status_label = ttk.Label(control_frame, text="就緒")
        self.status_label.pack(pady=5)
        
        # Preview frame
        self.preview_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(self.root, text="最近截圖預(yù)覽")
        self.preview_frame.pack(pady=10, padx=10, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
        
        self.preview_label = ttk.Label(self.preview_frame)
        self.preview_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
        
        # Variables for region selection
        self.start_x = 0
        self.start_y = 0
        self.end_x = 0
        self.end_y = 0
        
        # Save directory
        pictures_dir = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "Pictures")
        if os.path.exists(pictures_dir):
            self.save_dir = pictures_dir
        else:
            self.save_dir = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "Desktop")
            
        # Make sure the directory exists
        if not os.path.exists(self.save_dir):
            os.makedirs(self.save_dir)
            
        # Last saved file
        self.last_saved_file = None
        
    def center_window(self):
        # Get screen width and height
        screen_width = self.root.winfo_screenwidth()
        screen_height = self.root.winfo_screenheight()
        
        # Calculate position
        x = (screen_width - 400) // 2
        y = (screen_height - 200) // 2
        
        # Set window position
        self.root.geometry(f"400x200+{x}+{y}")
            
    def prepare_screenshot(self):
        # Update status
        self.status_label.config(text="準(zhǔn)備截圖...")
        self.root.update()  # Force UI update
        
        # Minimize window
        self.root.withdraw()
        
        # Wait a moment for UI to update
        self.root.after(500, self.take_screenshot)
    
    def take_screenshot(self):
        # Create overlay window for selection
        overlay = ScreenshotOverlay(self)
        self.root.wait_window(overlay.overlay)
        
        # If cancelled, just return to normal
        if not hasattr(self, 'screenshot_region') or not self.screenshot_region:
            self.root.deiconify()
            self.status_label.config(text="已取消截圖")
            return
            
        # Get the selection coordinates
        x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.screenshot_region
        
        # Convert to proper coordinates (top-left, bottom-right)
        left = min(x1, x2)
        top = min(y1, y2)
        right = max(x1, x2)
        bottom = max(y1, y2)
        
        # Ensure minimum size
        if right - left < 5 or bottom - top < 5:
            self.root.deiconify()
            self.status_label.config(text="選擇區(qū)域太小")
            return
        
        # Take screenshot
        try:
            # Wait a moment to ensure overlay is gone
            time.sleep(0.3)
            
            # Capture the screen region
            screenshot = pyautogui.screenshot(region=(left, top, right-left, bottom-top))
            
            # Generate filename
            timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
            filename = os.path.join(self.save_dir, f"screenshot_{timestamp}.png")
            
            # Save the screenshot
            screenshot.save(filename)
            self.last_saved_file = filename
            
            # Update preview
            self.update_preview(screenshot)
            
            # Update status
            self.status_label.config(text=f"截圖已保存: {os.path.basename(filename)}")
            
        except Exception as e:
            self.status_label.config(text=f"截圖錯(cuò)誤: {str(e)}")
        
        # Show the main window again
        self.root.deiconify()
    
    def update_preview(self, image):
        # Resize for preview if needed
        preview_width = 360
        preview_height = 100
        
        width, height = image.size
        ratio = min(preview_width/width, preview_height/height)
        new_size = (int(width * ratio), int(height * ratio))
        
        resized = image.resize(new_size, Image.LANCZOS)
        
        # Convert to PhotoImage
        photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(resized)
        
        # Update label
        self.preview_label.config(image=photo)
        self.preview_label.image = photo  # Keep a reference
    
    def run(self):
        self.root.mainloop()


class ScreenshotOverlay:
    def __init__(self, parent):
        self.parent = parent
        
        # Create fullscreen overlay window
        self.overlay = tk.Toplevel()
        self.overlay.attributes('-fullscreen', True)
        self.overlay.attributes('-alpha', 0.3)
        self.overlay.attributes('-topmost', True)
        
        # Make it semi-transparent with dark background
        self.overlay.configure(bg='black')
        
        # Add a canvas for drawing
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(
            self.overlay,
            bg='#1a1a1a',
            highlightthickness=0,
            cursor="crosshair"
        )
        self.canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
        
        # Variables for tracking
        self.start_x = None
        self.start_y = None
        self.rect_id = None
        self.magnifier_id = None
        self.coords_text_id = None
        
        # Instructions text
        self.canvas.create_text(
            self.overlay.winfo_screenwidth() // 2,
            50,
            text="單擊并拖動鼠標(biāo)選擇截圖區(qū)域 | 按ESC取消",
            fill="white",
            font=("Arial", 16)
        )
        
        # Bind events
        self.canvas.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self.on_press)
        self.canvas.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.on_drag)
        self.canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.on_release)
        self.overlay.bind("<Escape>", self.on_cancel)
        
        # Take a full screenshot for the magnifier
        self.screen_image = pyautogui.screenshot()
        self.screen_array = np.array(self.screen_image)
    
    def on_press(self, event):
        # Record start position
        self.start_x = event.x
        self.start_y = event.y
        
        # Create rectangle
        self.rect_id = self.canvas.create_rectangle(
            self.start_x, self.start_y, 
            self.start_x, self.start_y,
            outline="#00ff00", width=2, fill=""
        )
        
        # Create magnifier circle
        self.magnifier_id = self.canvas.create_oval(
            event.x - 50, event.y - 50,
            event.x + 50, event.y + 50,
            outline="#ffffff", width=2, fill="#333333"
        )
        
        # Create coordinate display
        self.coords_text_id = self.canvas.create_text(
            event.x, event.y - 60,
            text=f"({event.x}, {event.y})",
            fill="#ffffff",
            font=("Arial", 10)
        )
    
    def on_drag(self, event):
        # Update rectangle
        self.canvas.coords(
            self.rect_id,
            self.start_x, self.start_y,
            event.x, event.y
        )
        
        # Update magnifier position
        self.canvas.coords(
            self.magnifier_id,
            event.x - 50, event.y - 50,
            event.x + 50, event.y + 50
        )
        
        # Update coordinate display
        self.canvas.coords(
            self.coords_text_id,
            event.x, event.y - 60
        )
        self.canvas.itemconfig(
            self.coords_text_id,
            text=f"({event.x}, {event.y}) | 大小: {abs(event.x - self.start_x)}x{abs(event.y - self.start_y)}"
        )
        
        # Draw selection area with fill (using a valid color format)
        self.canvas.itemconfig(
            self.rect_id, 
            fill="#22ff22"  # Changed to a valid semi-transparent green
        )
    
    def on_release(self, event):
        # Store the selection coordinates in the parent
        self.parent.screenshot_region = (
            self.start_x, self.start_y, 
            event.x, event.y
        )
        
        # Close the overlay
        self.overlay.destroy()
    
    def on_cancel(self, event):
        # Reset parent's screenshot region
        self.parent.screenshot_region = None
        
        # Close overlay
        self.overlay.destroy()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = ImprovedScreenshotTool()
    app.run()

1. 工具介紹

該工具具有以下功能：

自定義截圖區(qū)域：通過鼠標(biāo)拖動選擇截圖區(qū)域。
自動保存截圖：截圖會自動保存到 Pictures 文件夾或桌面。
截圖預(yù)覽：最近一次截圖會在工具界面中進(jìn)行預(yù)覽。
用戶友好的操作提示：提供狀態(tài)提示，讓用戶清楚當(dāng)前操作。

2. 主要技術(shù)棧

本工具基于以下 Python 庫實(shí)現(xiàn)：

tkinter：用于構(gòu)建 GUI 界面。
pyautogui：用于屏幕截圖。
PIL (Pillow)：用于圖像處理和預(yù)覽。
numpy：用于優(yōu)化圖像處理。
datetime 和 os：用于管理文件存儲。

3. 代碼結(jié)構(gòu)解析

3.1 主窗口的創(chuàng)建

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import pyautogui
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import os
from datetime import datetime
import time

class ImprovedScreenshotTool:
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = tk.Tk()
        self.root.title("精確截圖工具")
        self.root.geometry("400x200")
        self.root.resizable(False, False)
        self.center_window()
        
        self.create_widgets()
        self.setup_save_directory()

    def center_window(self):
        screen_width = self.root.winfo_screenwidth()
        screen_height = self.root.winfo_screenheight()
        x = (screen_width - 400) // 2
        y = (screen_height - 200) // 2
        self.root.geometry(f"400x200+{x}+{y}")

功能解析：

創(chuàng)建 Tk 窗口，設(shè)置標(biāo)題、大小并居中。
center_window 方法用于獲取屏幕尺寸并計(jì)算窗口居中位置。

3.2 創(chuàng)建 GUI 組件

    def create_widgets(self):
        control_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)
        control_frame.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X)
        
        self.screenshot_btn = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="開始截圖", width=20, command=self.prepare_screenshot)
        self.screenshot_btn.pack(pady=10)
        
        self.status_label = ttk.Label(control_frame, text="就緒")
        self.status_label.pack(pady=5)
        
        self.preview_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(self.root, text="最近截圖預(yù)覽")
        self.preview_frame.pack(pady=10, padx=10, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
        
        self.preview_label = ttk.Label(self.preview_frame)
        self.preview_label.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

功能解析：

創(chuàng)建按鈕 開始截圖，綁定 prepare_screenshot 方法。
狀態(tài)標(biāo)簽用于提示當(dāng)前狀態(tài)。
preview_frame 用于顯示最近截圖的預(yù)覽。

3.3 截圖邏輯

    def prepare_screenshot(self):
        self.status_label.config(text="準(zhǔn)備截圖...")
        self.root.update()
        self.root.withdraw()
        self.root.after(500, self.take_screenshot)

功能解析：

按下截圖按鈕后，狀態(tài)標(biāo)簽顯示 “準(zhǔn)備截圖…”。
withdraw() 讓主窗口最小化，避免干擾截圖。
after(500, self.take_screenshot) 讓窗口延遲 0.5 秒后調(diào)用 take_screenshot。

    def take_screenshot(self):
        overlay = ScreenshotOverlay(self)
        self.root.wait_window(overlay.overlay)
        
        if not hasattr(self, 'screenshot_region') or not self.screenshot_region:
            self.root.deiconify()
            self.status_label.config(text="已取消截圖")
            return
        
        x1, y1, x2, y2 = self.screenshot_region
        left, top = min(x1, x2), min(y1, y2)
        right, bottom = max(x1, x2), max(y1, y2)
        
        if right - left < 5 or bottom - top < 5:
            self.root.deiconify()
            self.status_label.config(text="選擇區(qū)域太小")
            return
        
        time.sleep(0.3)
        screenshot = pyautogui.screenshot(region=(left, top, right-left, bottom-top))
        filename = os.path.join(self.save_dir, f"screenshot_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')}.png")
        screenshot.save(filename)
        self.last_saved_file = filename
        
        self.update_preview(screenshot)
        self.status_label.config(text=f"截圖已保存: {os.path.basename(filename)}")
        self.root.deiconify()

功能解析：

ScreenshotOverlay 負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)建全屏幕覆蓋窗口，允許用戶選擇截圖區(qū)域。
獲取選定區(qū)域的坐標(biāo)，并檢查區(qū)域大小是否有效。
pyautogui.screenshot(region=(left, top, width, height)) 實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)截圖。
保存截圖并更新預(yù)覽區(qū)域。

3.4 截圖選擇區(qū)域的實(shí)現(xiàn)

class ScreenshotOverlay:
    def __init__(self, parent):
        self.parent = parent
        self.overlay = tk.Toplevel()
        self.overlay.attributes('-fullscreen', True)
        self.overlay.attributes('-alpha', 0.3)
        self.overlay.attributes('-topmost', True)
        self.overlay.configure(bg='black')
        
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.overlay, bg='#1a1a1a', highlightthickness=0, cursor="crosshair")
        self.canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
        
        self.canvas.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self.on_press)
        self.canvas.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.on_drag)
        self.canvas.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.on_release)
        self.overlay.bind("<Escape>", self.on_cancel)

功能解析：