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Python實(shí)現(xiàn)多組數(shù)據(jù)三維繪圖系統(tǒng)

更新時(shí)間：2023年08月21日 11:00:13 作者：微小冷

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了如何利用Python實(shí)現(xiàn)多組數(shù)據(jù)三維繪圖系統(tǒng),文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì),具有一定的學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值,感興趣的小伙伴可以了解下

增添和刪除坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)

在實(shí)現(xiàn)坐標(biāo)列表控件之后，自然要在在繪圖系統(tǒng)中創(chuàng)建多組坐標(biāo)列表，同時(shí)需要提供新增或刪除對(duì)應(yīng)繪圖數(shù)據(jù)的功能。那么首先得添加兩個(gè)功能按鈕

def setCtrlButtons(self, frm):
    ttk.Button(frm, text="繪圖",width=5,
        command=self.btnDrawImg).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
    ttk.Button(frm, text="加載",width=5,
        command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
    btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="新增", width=5)
    btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
    btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.addLast)
    btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="刪除", width=5)
    btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
    btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.deleteLast)

兩個(gè)函數(shù)，addAxisList在最后面新增一個(gè)AxisList，deleteLast則刪除最后一個(gè)AxisList。這兩個(gè)功能十分簡(jiǎn)單，唯一需要注意的就是，在刪除AxisList之前，需要取消pack

def addLast(self, evt):
    title = f"坐標(biāo){len(self.als)}"
    al = AxisList(self.frmAxis, title, 1, [5,10,20])
    al.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
    self.als.append(al)
def deleteLast(self, evt):
    self.als[-1].pack_forget()
    del self.als[-1]

其中涉及到兩個(gè)全局變量，一個(gè)是self.als，用于存放所有的AxisList；另一個(gè)是self.frmAxis，是所有AxisList的父組件。

前者可以放在DrawSystem的初始化函數(shù)中，

self.als = []

后者則需要更改setFrmCtrl函數(shù)

def setFrmCtrl(self, frmCtrl):
    frm = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl, width=320)
    frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
    self.setCtrlButtons(frm)
    self.frmAxis = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl)
    self.frmAxis.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
    self.addLast(None)

效果如下

更改繪圖邏輯

現(xiàn)在有了多組數(shù)據(jù)，那么相應(yīng)地繪圖邏輯也需要跟著改變。另一方面，原有的全局變量self.data似乎已經(jīng)很難描述全部數(shù)據(jù)，所以取消使用全局變量，同時(shí)修改繪圖最終的繪圖函數(shù)

def drawPlot(self, ds):
    keys = 'xyz' if 'z' in ds[0] else 'xy'
    p = '3d' if 'z' in ds[0] else None
    ax = self.fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
    for data in ds:
        ax.plot(*[data[key] for key in keys])

這里把之前的drawPlot和drawPlot3d合并到一起了，并且只是根據(jù)第一組坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)判斷是否啟用3D，這種寫(xiě)法當(dāng)然十分危險(xiǎn)。考慮到日后肯定會(huì)通過(guò)類(lèi)似ComboBox來(lái)整改，所以這里暫且先這么放著。

而點(diǎn)擊繪圖按鈕之后的響應(yīng)函數(shù)則修改為

def readDatas(self, al):
    dct = {}
    data = {}
    for flag in 'xyz':
        data[flag] = al.setData(flag, **dct)
        dct[flag] = data[flag]
    return data
def btnDrawImg(self):
    self.fig.clf()
    ds = [self.readDatas(al) for al in self.als]
    self.drawPlot(ds)
    self.fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.95, top=0.95, bottom=0.08)
    self.canvas.draw()

基本邏輯是，遍歷所有AxisList并提取數(shù)據(jù)，然后將所有數(shù)據(jù)傳遞給繪圖函數(shù)進(jìn)行圖像繪制。

效果如下

源代碼

最后把源代碼附在下面，總計(jì)大約不到200行，你就能擁有一個(gè)支持多組數(shù)據(jù)的三維繪圖系統(tǒng)了。

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (
    FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
class AxisFrame(ttk.Frame):
    # widths 是每個(gè)控件的寬度
    def __init__(self, master, label, mode, widths, **options):
        super().__init__(master, **options)
        self.pack()
        self.label = label
        self.initVar(mode)
        self.initWidgets(widths)
    def initVar(self, mode):
        self.MODES = ("序列化", "源代碼", "外部導(dǎo)入", "無(wú)數(shù)據(jù)")
        self.mode = tk.StringVar()
        self.setMode(mode)
    def initWidgets(self, widths):
        tk.Label(self, text=self.label, width=widths[0]).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=widths[1], textvariable=self.mode)
        self.slct['value'] = self.MODES
        self.slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.entry = tk.Entry(self, width=widths[2])
        self.entry.pack(padx=5, side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X)
    def setText(self, text):
        self.entry.delete(0, "end")
        self.entry.insert(0, text)
    def get(self):
        return self.entry.get()
    def setMode(self, mode):
        if type(mode) != str:
            mode = self.MODES[mode]
        self.mode.set(mode)
    def setData(self, data=None, **txyz):
        if self.mode.get() == "序列化":
            return self.getArray()
        elif self.mode.get() == "外部導(dǎo)入":
            return self.loadData(data)
        else:
            return self.readPython(**txyz)
    def readPython(self, t=None, x=None, y=None, z=None):
        self.data = eval(self.get())
        return self.data
    def loadData(self, data):
        if type(data) != type(None):
            self.data = data
        return self.data
    def getArray(self):
        val = self.get()
        self.data = eval(f"np.linspace({val})")
        return self.data
class AxisList(ttk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master, title, mode, widths, **options):
        super().__init__(master, **options)
        self.pack()
        self.afs = {}
        self.data = {}
        self.initWidgets(title, widths)
        self.initAxis(mode, widths)
    def initWidgets(self, title, widths):
        self.btn = ttk.Button(self, text=title, width=sum(widths)+5,
            command=self.Click)
        self.btn.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X, expand=tk.YES)
        self._c = ttk.Frame(self)
        self.collapsed = True
        self.Click()
        self.initFeature()
    def initAxis(self, mode, widths):
        for flag in 'txyz':
            self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self._c, flag, mode, widths)
            self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
    def initFeature(self):
        frm = ttk.Frame(self._c)
        frm.pack(pady=2, side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        ttk.Button(frm, text="加載",width=5,
            command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.vis = {L : True for L in 'txyz'}
        for flag in 'txyz':
            btn = ttk.Button(frm, text=flag, width=3)
            btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
            btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.btnAxisCollapse)
    def btnAxisCollapse(self, evt):
        flag = evt.widget['text']
        self.vis[flag] = not self.vis[flag]
        for flag in 'txyz':
            self.afs[flag].pack_forget()
        for flag in 'txyz':
            if self.vis[flag]:
                self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
    def btnLoadData(self):
        name = askopenfilename()
        data = np.genfromtxt(name)
        for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):
            if i >= data.shape[1]:
                return
            self.setOneMode(flag, "外部導(dǎo)入")
            self.data[flag] = self.setData(flag, data[:,i])
    def Click(self):
        if self.collapsed:
            self._c.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)            
        else:
            self._c.pack_forget()
        self.collapsed = not self.collapsed
    def setData(self, flag, data=None, **options):
        return self.afs[flag].setData(data, **options)
    def setOneMode(self, flag, mode):
        self.afs[flag].setMode(mode)
class DarwSystem():
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = tk.Tk()
        self.root.title("數(shù)據(jù)展示工具")
        self.data = {}
        self.als = []
        frmCtrl = ttk.Frame(self.root,width=320)
        frmCtrl.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
        self.setFrmCtrl(frmCtrl)
        frmFig = ttk.Frame(self.root)
        frmFig.pack(side=tk.LEFT,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)
        self.setFrmFig(frmFig)
        self.root.mainloop()
    def setFrmCtrl(self, frmCtrl):
        frm = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl, width=320)
        frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.setCtrlButtons(frm)
        self.frmAxis = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl)
        self.frmAxis.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.addLast(None)
    def addLast(self, evt):
        title = f"坐標(biāo){len(self.als)}"
        al = AxisList(self.frmAxis, title, 1, [5,10,20])
        al.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.als.append(al)
    def deleteLast(self, evt):
        self.als[-1].pack_forget()
        del self.als[-1]
    def setCtrlButtons(self, frm):
        ttk.Button(frm, text="繪圖",width=5,
            command=self.btnDrawImg).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        ttk.Button(frm, text="加載",width=5,
            command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="新增", width=5)
        btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.addLast)
        btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="刪除", width=5)
        btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.deleteLast)
    def btnLoadData(self):
        name = askopenfilename()
        data = np.genfromtxt(name)
        for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):
            if i >= data.shape[1]:
                return
            self.AL.setOneMode(flag, "外部導(dǎo)入")
            self.data[flag] = self.AL.setData(flag, data[:,i])
    def readDatas(self, al):
        dct = {}
        data = {}
        for flag in 'xyz':
            data[flag] = al.setData(flag, **dct)
            dct[flag] = data[flag]
        return data
    def btnDrawImg(self):
        self.fig.clf()
        ds = [self.readDatas(al) for al in self.als]
        self.drawPlot(ds)
        self.fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.95, top=0.95, bottom=0.08)
        self.canvas.draw()
    def drawPlot(self, ds):
        keys = 'xyz' if 'z' in ds[0] else 'xy'
        p = '3d' if 'z' in ds[0] else None
        ax = self.fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
        for data in ds:
            ax.plot(*[data[key] for key in keys])
    def setFrmFig(self, frmFig):
        self.fig = Figure()
        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,frmFig)
        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(
            side=tk.TOP,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)
        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas,frmFig,
            pack_toolbar=False)
        self.toolbar.update()
        self.toolbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    test = DarwSystem()

到此這篇關(guān)于Python實(shí)現(xiàn)多組數(shù)據(jù)三維繪圖系統(tǒng)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Python三維繪圖內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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