<dependency>
    <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
    <artifactId>gt-main</artifactId>
    <version>31-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.locationtech.jts</groupId>
    <artifactId>jts-core</artifactId>
    <version>1.19.0</version>
</dependency>

import org.geotools.geometry.jts.JTS;
import org.geotools.referencing.CRS;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Coordinate;
import org.opengis.referencing.FactoryException;
import org.opengis.referencing.crs.CoordinateReferenceSystem;
import org.opengis.referencing.operation.MathTransform;
import org.opengis.referencing.operation.TransformException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;


/**
 * 坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換工具類（支持EPSG標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）
 *
 * @author 技術(shù)派
 */
@Slf4j
public class CoordinateUtil {

    /**
     * 二維坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換
     *
     * @param x          源X坐標(biāo)
     * @param y          源Y坐標(biāo)
     * @param srcEPSG    源坐標(biāo)系EPSG碼
     * @param targetEPSG 目標(biāo)坐標(biāo)系EPSG碼
     * @return 轉(zhuǎn)換后坐標(biāo)對象
     */
    public static Coordinate convert2D(double x, double y, int srcEPSG, int targetEPSG) {
        try {
            CoordinateReferenceSystem sourceCRS = CRS.decode("EPSG:" + srcEPSG, true);
            CoordinateReferenceSystem targetCRS = CRS.decode("EPSG:" + targetEPSG, true);
            MathTransform transform = CRS.findMathTransform(sourceCRS, targetCRS, true);
            return JTS.transform(new Coordinate(x, y), new Coordinate(), transform);
        } catch (FactoryException | TransformException e) {
            log.error("坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換失敗: {}", e.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException("Coordinate transform error", e);
        }
    }

    public static Coordinate convert3D(Coordinate coordinate, int srcEPSG, int targetEPSG) {
        try {
            // 強(qiáng)制指定坐標(biāo)軸順序（兼容三維坐標(biāo)系）
            CoordinateReferenceSystem sourceCRS = CRS.decode("EPSG:" + srcEPSG, true);
            CoordinateReferenceSystem targetCRS = CRS.decode("EPSG:" + targetEPSG, true);

            // 創(chuàng)建帶高程的坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)（x,y,z）
            Coordinate sourceCoord = new Coordinate(coordinate.x, coordinate.y, coordinate.z);

            // 構(gòu)建三維坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換管道
            MathTransform transform = CRS.findMathTransform(sourceCRS, targetCRS, true);
            Coordinate targetCoord = new Coordinate();

            // 執(zhí)行坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換（自動(dòng)處理Z軸值）
            JTS.transform(sourceCoord, targetCoord, transform);

            // 高程值處理邏輯
            if (Double.isNaN(targetCoord.z)) {
                // 目標(biāo)坐標(biāo)系無高程維度時(shí)保留原始Z值
                targetCoord.z = coordinate.z;
            }

            return targetCoord;
        } catch (FactoryException | TransformException e) {
            log.error("三維坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換異常：SRC={}, TAR={} | {}",
                    srcEPSG, targetEPSG, e.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException("三維坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換失敗", e);
        }
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    // 原始WGS84坐標(biāo)（北京天安門）
    Coordinate src = new Coordinate(116.3975, 39.9087);
    
    // 執(zhí)行轉(zhuǎn)換
    Coordinate result = CoordinateUtil.convert2D(
        src.x, src.y, 
        4326,  // WGS84
        3857   // Web墨卡托
    );
    
    System.out.printf("轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)果：X=%.2f, Y=%.2f", result.x, result.y);
}

Coordinate result = CoordinateUtil.convert2D(
    4453572.07, 536385.21, 
    4524,  // 3度帶39帶
    4525    // 3度帶40帶
);