@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

// SpringApplication 構(gòu)造函數(shù)核心邏輯
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
    // 1. 設(shè)置資源加載器
    this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
    // 2. 校驗(yàn)并保存主配置類（即 @SpringBootApplication 標(biāo)注的類）
    this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
    // 3. 推斷應(yīng)用類型（REACTIVE、SERVLET、NONE）
    this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
    // 4. 加載并實(shí)例化 ApplicationContextInitializer
    setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
    // 5. 加載并實(shí)例化 ApplicationListener
    setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
    // 6. 推斷 main 方法所在類
    this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    // 1. 計(jì)時(shí)和發(fā)布啟動(dòng)事件
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start();
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
    configureHeadlessProperty();
    
    // 2. 獲取并啟動(dòng)監(jiān)聽器
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.starting();
    
    try {
        // 3. 構(gòu)建應(yīng)用參數(shù)和環(huán)境配置
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
        ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
        
        // 4. 創(chuàng)建并配置 ApplicationContext
        context = createApplicationContext();
        exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
                new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
        
        // 5. 準(zhǔn)備上下文（加載 Bean 定義）
        prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
        // 6. 刷新上下文（核心啟動(dòng)邏輯）
        refreshContext(context);
        // 7. 刷新后的回調(diào)處理
        afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
        // 8. 發(fā)布應(yīng)用就緒事件
        listeners.started(context);
        // 9. 執(zhí)行 Runner（如 CommandLineRunner）
        callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
        throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
    
    stopWatch.stop();
    if (this.logStartupInfo) {
        new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
    }
    // 10. 發(fā)布應(yīng)用運(yùn)行中事件
    listeners.running(context);
    return context;
}

private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
    refresh(context);
    if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
        try {
            context.registerShutdownHook();
        }
        catch (AccessControlException ex) {
            // Not allowed in some environments.
        }
    }
}

protected void refresh(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
    // 調(diào)用 AbstractApplicationContext 的 refresh() 方法
    context.refresh();
}

// ServletWebServerApplicationContext 核心方法
@Override
protected void onRefresh() {
    super.onRefresh();
    try {
        // 創(chuàng)建并啟動(dòng)嵌入式 Web 服務(wù)器
        createWebServer();
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
    }
}

private void createWebServer() {
    WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
    ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
    
    if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
        // 1. 獲取 ServletWebServerFactory（如 TomcatServletWebServerFactory）
        ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
        // 2. 創(chuàng)建并配置 Web 服務(wù)器
        this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
    }
    else if (servletContext != null) {
        try {
            getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
        }
        catch (ServletException ex) {
            throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex);
        }
    }
    initPropertySources();
}

@Override
public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
    // 1. 創(chuàng)建 Tomcat 實(shí)例
    Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    // 2. 配置服務(wù)器基本參數(shù)（端口、上下文路徑等）
    File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");
    tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
    Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
    tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
    customizeConnector(connector);
    tomcat.setConnector(connector);
    tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
    // 3. 配置 ServletContextInitializer（如 DispatcherServlet）
    prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
    // 4. 啟動(dòng)服務(wù)器
    return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
}

@Bean
@Primary
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DispatcherServlet.class)
public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties properties) {
    DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
    dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(properties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
    dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(properties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
    dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(properties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
    dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(properties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
    dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(properties.isLogRequestDetails());
    return dispatcherServlet;
}