Spring MVC 接口 ResponseBodyAdvice 及其應用最佳實踐記錄
ResponseBodyAdvice
是 Spring MVC 提供的一個強大接口,允許你在響應體被寫入 HTTP 響應之前對其進行全局處理。
下面我將全面介紹它的工作原理、使用場景和最佳實踐。
基本概念
接口定義
public interface ResponseBodyAdvice<T> { boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType); @Nullable T beforeBodyWrite(@Nullable T body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response); }
核心方法
supports()
- 決定是否對該方法的返回值應用 advice
- 參數(shù):
returnType
: 控制器方法的返回類型信息converterType
: 將用于序列化響應體的消息轉(zhuǎn)換器類型
beforeBodyWrite()
- 在消息轉(zhuǎn)換器寫入響應體之前對其進行處理
- 參數(shù):
body
: 控制器返回的原始響應體- 其他參數(shù)與
supports()
相同 request
/response
: 當前請求和響應對象
典型應用場景
1. 統(tǒng)一響應封裝
最常見的用途是將所有控制器的返回值包裝成統(tǒng)一格式:
@RestControllerAdvice public class UnifiedResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> { @Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { return true; } @Override public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) { if (body instanceof ApiResponse) { return body; } return ApiResponse.success(body); } }
2. 響應數(shù)據(jù)脫敏
對敏感數(shù)據(jù)進行自動處理:
@Override public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) { if (body instanceof UserInfo) { UserInfo user = (UserInfo) body; user.setIdCard(desensitize(user.getIdCard())); } return body; }
3. 響應數(shù)據(jù)緩存
緩存特定響應:
@Override public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) { if (request.getURI().getPath().contains("/api/cacheable")) { cacheManager.put(generateCacheKey(request), body); } return body; }
高級用法與最佳實踐
1. 精確控制應用范圍
通過 supports()
方法精確控制哪些方法需要處理:
@Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { // 只處理標注了@ResponseWrap注解的方法 return returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(ResponseWrap.class); // 或者排除特定包下的控制器 // return !returnType.getDeclaringClass().getPackage().getName().startsWith("org.springdoc"); }
2. 處理特殊情況 處理String類型返回值
@Override public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) { if (body instanceof String) { response.getHeaders().setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(ApiResponse.success(body)); } // 其他處理... }
處理文件下載等非JSON響應
@Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { // 排除文件下載等場景 return !ResourceHttpMessageConverter.class.isAssignableFrom(converterType); }
3. 性能優(yōu)化
@RestControllerAdvice public class CustomResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> { // 重用ObjectMapper實例 private static final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); // 預定義的成功響應 private static final ApiResponse<?> EMPTY_SUCCESS = ApiResponse.success(null); @Override public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) { if (body == null) { return EMPTY_SUCCESS; } // 其他處理... } }
常見問題解決方案
1. 與Swagger的兼容性問題
@Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { // 排除Swagger相關的控制器 return !returnType.getDeclaringClass().getPackage().getName().startsWith("springfox.documentation"); }
2. 循環(huán)引用問題
當包裝的對象存在循環(huán)引用時,需要在ObjectMapper中配置:
objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false); objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_SELF_REFERENCES, false);
3. 異常處理
雖然ResponseBodyAdvice
不處理異常,但可以與@ExceptionHandler
配合使用:
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class) public ApiResponse<?> handleException(Exception e) { return ApiResponse.failure(e.getMessage()); }
完整示例
@RestControllerAdvice public class GlobalResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> { private final ObjectMapper objectMapper; public GlobalResponseAdvice(ObjectMapper objectMapper) { this.objectMapper = objectMapper; } @Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { // 排除Swagger和Actuator端點 return !(returnType.getDeclaringClass().getName().contains("springfox") || returnType.getDeclaringClass().getName().contains("org.springframework.boot.actuate")); } @Override public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) { // 非JSON響應不處理 if (!selectedContentType.includes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) { return body; } // 已經(jīng)是包裝類型不處理 if (body instanceof ApiResponse) { return body; } // 處理String類型返回值 if (body instanceof String) { try { response.getHeaders().setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(ApiResponse.success(body)); } catch (JsonProcessingException e) { throw new RuntimeException("JSON序列化失敗", e); } } // 空值處理 if (body == null) { return ApiResponse.success(); } // 默認包裝 return ApiResponse.success(body); } @Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor public static class ApiResponse<T> { private int code; private String message; private T data; private long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis(); public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success() { return new ApiResponse<>(200, "success", null); } public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success(T data) { return new ApiResponse<>(200, "success", data); } } }
通過合理使用ResponseBodyAdvice
,你可以實現(xiàn)響應處理的集中管理,使代碼更加整潔和一致。
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