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C#類(lèi)繼承自泛型集合的例子

更新時(shí)間：2024年08月09日 08:58:29 作者：VinciYan

在C#中,除了泛型字典外,你還可以繼承其他集合類(lèi)型,本文通過(guò)實(shí)例代碼主要介紹了C#類(lèi)繼承自泛型集合,需要的朋友可以參考下

繼承自泛型字典的例子

這段代碼定義了一個(gè)多層嵌套的字典結(jié)構(gòu)，旨在組織和存儲(chǔ)復(fù)雜的層級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
class Contract : Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>>>
{
    private readonly string type = "autodesk.data:exchange.contract.dynamo-1.0.0";
    public Contract()
    {
        var contractContent = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>>
            {
                { "contract", new Dictionary<string, string>() }
            };
        Add(type, contractContent);
    }
}
class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Create an instance of Contract
        var contract = new Contract();
        // Access the outer dictionary using the predefined type key
        var typeKey = "autodesk.data:exchange.contract.dynamo-1.0.0";
        // Check if the key exists and add data
        if (contract.TryGetValue(typeKey, out var contractContent))
        {
            // Access the inner dictionary with the key "contract"
            if (contractContent.TryGetValue("contract", out var innerDictionary))
            {
                // Add key-value pairs to the innermost dictionary
                innerDictionary["key1"] = "value1";
                innerDictionary["key2"] = "value2";
                // Retrieve and display values
                Console.WriteLine(innerDictionary["key1"]); // Outputs: value1
                Console.WriteLine(innerDictionary["key2"]); // Outputs: value2
            }
        }
    }
}

value1
value2

再看一個(gè)Dynamo項(xiàng)目實(shí)例，這段代碼的目的是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)嵌套字典結(jié)構(gòu)，用于存儲(chǔ)有關(guān)二進(jìn)制引用組件的屬性數(shù)據(jù)。使用接口IPropertySet作為多態(tài)機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)。通過(guò)嵌套字典結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)多層次數(shù)據(jù)的組織和訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。提供靈活的屬性管理，適合復(fù)雜對(duì)象的屬性存儲(chǔ)場(chǎng)景

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
class BinaryReferenceComponent : Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, IPropertySet>>
{
    private string objectId = "autodesk.data:binary.reference.component-1.0.0";
    public string ObjectId { get { return objectId; } }
    public BinaryReferenceComponent(string binaryId)
    {
        var propertyDictionary = new Dictionary<string, IPropertySet>();
        propertyDictionary.Add("String", new StringPropertySet(binaryId));
        propertyDictionary.Add("Uint32", new IntPropertySet());
        this.Add("binary_reference", propertyDictionary);
    }
}
class StringPropertySet : IPropertySet
{
    public string Id { get; set; }
    public string Revision { get; set; }
    public StringPropertySet(string binaryId, string revision = "v0")
    {
        Id = binaryId;
        Revision = revision;
    }
}
class IntPropertySet : IPropertySet
{
    public int End { get; set; }
    public int Start { get; set; }
    public IntPropertySet(int start = 0, int end = 8710)
    {
        End = end;
        Start = start;
    }
}
interface IPropertySet { }
class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Create an instance of BinaryReferenceComponent with a binaryId
        var binaryReference = new BinaryReferenceComponent("exampleBinaryId");
        // Access ObjectId
        Console.WriteLine($"ObjectId: {binaryReference.ObjectId}");
        // Access properties of the component
        if (binaryReference.TryGetValue("binary_reference", out var propertySet))
        {
            if (propertySet.TryGetValue("String", out var stringProperty))
            {
                var stringProp = stringProperty as StringPropertySet;
                Console.WriteLine($"StringProperty Id: {stringProp.Id}, Revision: {stringProp.Revision}");
            }
            if (propertySet.TryGetValue("Uint32", out var intProperty))
            {
                var intProp = intProperty as IntPropertySet;
                Console.WriteLine($"IntProperty Start: {intProp.Start}, End: {intProp.End}");
            }
        }
    }
}

ObjectId: autodesk.data:binary.reference.component-1.0.0
StringProperty Id: exampleBinaryId, Revision: v0
IntProperty Start: 0, End: 8710

繼承多種集合類(lèi)型

在C#中，除了泛型字典外，你還可以繼承其他集合類(lèi)型，例如：

List:可以創(chuàng)建自定義列表類(lèi)，但不常見(jiàn)，建議使用組合
HashSet:用于無(wú)重復(fù)元素集合，但繼承并不常見(jiàn)
Queue和Stack:分別用于隊(duì)列和棧的實(shí)現(xiàn)
Collection和ReadOnlyCollection:更適合繼承，提供了更好的方法定制化能力

示例：繼承 Collection

代碼說(shuō)明

?CustomCollection<T>??類(lèi):
- 繼承自Collection<T>
- 重寫(xiě)了InsertItem方法，添加插入前后的自定義行為
- 定義了一個(gè)ItemAdded事件，當(dāng)新項(xiàng)目添加時(shí)觸發(fā)
?Main??函數(shù):
- 創(chuàng)建CustomCollection<string>的實(shí)例
- 訂閱ItemAdded事件，輸出添加的項(xiàng)信息
- 添加幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目并顯示集合中的所有項(xiàng)目

關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)

事件處理: 使用事件機(jī)制通知項(xiàng)的添加
自定義行為: 通過(guò)重寫(xiě)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)特定邏輯
靈活性: CustomCollection<T>可以用于任何類(lèi)型的集合

using System;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
class CustomCollection<T> : Collection<T>
{
    // Event triggered when an item is added
    public event Action<T> ItemAdded;
    // Custom implementation of InsertItem
    protected override void InsertItem(int index, T item)
    {
        // Add custom behavior before inserting
        Console.WriteLine($"Inserting item at index {index}: {item}");
        base.InsertItem(index, item);
        // Trigger the event after inserting
        ItemAdded?.Invoke(item);
    }
    // Method to display all items
    public void DisplayItems()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Current items in collection:");
        foreach (var item in this)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(item);
        }
    }
}
class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Create an instance of CustomCollection
        var collection = new CustomCollection<string>();
        // Subscribe to the ItemAdded event
        collection.ItemAdded += item => Console.WriteLine($"Item added: {item}");
        // Add items to the collection
        collection.Add("Item1");
        collection.Add("Item2");
        collection.Add("Item3");
        // Display all items in the collection
        collection.DisplayItems();
    }
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：

Inserting item at index 0: Item1
Item added: Item1
Inserting item at index 1: Item2
Item added: Item2
Inserting item at index 2: Item3
Item added: Item3
Current items in collection:
Item1
Item2
Item3

注意

在C#中，類(lèi)繼承自泛型字典并不常見(jiàn)。以下是一些原因和建議：

原因

違背封裝原則:直接繼承集合類(lèi)可能導(dǎo)致外部代碼直接操作集合內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，違背封裝原則
集合行為的復(fù)雜性:集合類(lèi)提供的行為可能不完全適合自定義類(lèi)的需求，可能需要重寫(xiě)大量方法。繼承集合類(lèi)可能引入維護(hù)復(fù)雜性
組合優(yōu)于繼承:常用的設(shè)計(jì)模式是組合，即在類(lèi)內(nèi)部包含一個(gè)集合，而不是繼承它

建議

使用組合:在類(lèi)中定義一個(gè)集合字段，并通過(guò)方法或?qū)傩圆僮魉?。這可以更好地控制訪(fǎng)問(wèn)和行為
擴(kuò)展方法:如果需要對(duì)集合進(jìn)行特定操作，可以使用擴(kuò)展方法來(lái)增強(qiáng)其功能，而不是繼承

將前面的一個(gè)繼承的例子改為使用組合，運(yùn)行結(jié)果不變

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
interface IPropertySet { }
class StringPropertySet : IPropertySet
{
    public string Id { get; set; }
    public string Revision { get; set; }
    public StringPropertySet(string binaryId, string revision = "v0")
    {
        Id = binaryId;
        Revision = revision;
    }
}
class IntPropertySet : IPropertySet
{
    public int End { get; set; }
    public int Start { get; set; }
    public IntPropertySet(int start = 0, int end = 8710)
    {
        End = end;
        Start = start;
    }
}
class BinaryReferenceComponent
{
    private Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, IPropertySet>> properties = new();
    public string ObjectId { get; } = "autodesk.data:binary.reference.component-1.0.0";
    public BinaryReferenceComponent(string binaryId)
    {
        var propertyDictionary = new Dictionary<string, IPropertySet>
        {
            { "String", new StringPropertySet(binaryId) },
            { "Uint32", new IntPropertySet() }
        };
        properties.Add("binary_reference", propertyDictionary);
    }
    public Dictionary<string, IPropertySet> GetProperties(string key)
    {
        properties.TryGetValue(key, out var result);
        return result;
    }
}
class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Create an instance of BinaryReferenceComponent
        var binaryReference = new BinaryReferenceComponent("exampleBinaryId");
        // Access ObjectId
        Console.WriteLine($"ObjectId: {binaryReference.ObjectId}");
        // Retrieve properties using GetProperties method
        var properties = binaryReference.GetProperties("binary_reference");
        if (properties != null)
        {
            if (properties.TryGetValue("String", out var stringProperty))
            {
                var stringProp = stringProperty as StringPropertySet;
                Console.WriteLine($"StringProperty Id: {stringProp.Id}, Revision: {stringProp.Revision}");
            }
            if (properties.TryGetValue("Uint32", out var intProperty))
            {
                var intProp = intProperty as IntPropertySet;
                Console.WriteLine($"IntProperty Start: {intProp.Start}, End: {intProp.End}");
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("No properties found for the given key.");
        }
    }
}