Java加解密工具類源碼示例
一、對稱加密算法
加密和解密使用相同密鑰的加密算法。常用的算法包括DES、3DES、AES、DESX、Blowfish、RC4、RC5、RC6。
DES(Data Encryption Standard):數(shù)據(jù)加密標(biāo)準(zhǔn),速度較快,適用于加密大量數(shù)據(jù)的場合。
3DES(Triple DES):是基于DES,對一塊數(shù)據(jù)用三個不同的密鑰進行三次加密,強度更高。
AES(Advanced Encryption Standard):高級加密標(biāo)準(zhǔn),速度快,安全級別高【128位秘鑰】;
二、非對稱加密算法
加密和解密使用不同密鑰的加密算法,也稱為公私鑰加密。常見的算法包括RSA、DSA(數(shù)字簽名用)、ECC(移動設(shè)備用)、Diffie-Hellman、El Gamal。
- RSA:由 RSA 公司發(fā)明,是一個支持變長密鑰的公共密鑰算法,需要加密的文件塊的長度也是可變的;【建議1024位秘鑰】
- DSA:數(shù)字簽名算法,是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 DSS(數(shù)字簽名標(biāo)準(zhǔn))
- ECC:橢圓曲線密碼編碼學(xué)【建議160位秘鑰】。
ECC VS RSA
- 1)抗攻擊性強。相同的密鑰長度,其抗攻擊性要強很多倍。
- 2)計算量小,處理速度快。ECC總的速度比RSA、DSA要快得多。
- 3)存儲空間占用小。ECC的密鑰尺寸和系統(tǒng)參數(shù)與RSA、DSA相比要小得多,意味著它所占的存貯空間要小得多。這對于加密算法在IC卡上的應(yīng)用具有特別重要的意義。
- 4)帶寬要求低。當(dāng)對長消息進行加解密時,三類密碼系統(tǒng)有相同的帶寬要求,但應(yīng)用于短消息時ECC帶寬要求卻低得多。帶寬要求低使ECC在無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。
三、散列算法
除法散列法 平方散列法 斐波那契(Fibonacci)散列法 隨機數(shù)法
單向散列函數(shù)一般用于產(chǎn)生消息摘要,密鑰加密等,常用的算法包括MD2、MD4、MD5、HAVAL、SHA、SHA-1、HMAC、HMAC-MD5、HMAC-SHA1。
- MD5(Message Digest Algorithm 5):是RSA數(shù)據(jù)安全公司開發(fā)的一種單向散列算法,非可逆,相同的明文產(chǎn)生相同的密文。
- SHA(Secure Hash Algorithm):可以對任意長度的數(shù)據(jù)運算生成一個160位的數(shù)值;
SHA-1 VS MD5 [二者均由MD4導(dǎo)出]
- 1)SHA-1摘要比MD5摘要長32位。使用強行技術(shù),產(chǎn)生任何一個報文使其摘要等于給定報摘要的難度對MD5是2^(128)數(shù)量級的操作,而對SHA-1則是2^(160)數(shù)量級的操作。這樣,SHA-1對強行攻擊有更大的強度。
- 2)MD5易受密碼分析的攻擊,SHA-1顯得不易受這樣的攻擊。
- 3)在相同的硬件上,SHA-1的運行速度比MD5慢。
四、加密算法的選擇
1.單方密碼存儲建議直接使用散列算法(MD5即可,配合密碼更新策略)。
2.內(nèi)部信息加密傳輸建議使用對稱加密效率跟高(AES)。
3.外部數(shù)據(jù)傳輸建議使用非對稱加密,秘鑰保存更安全(RSA)。
4.HTTPS高級用法:采用非對稱加密算法管理對稱算法的密鑰,然后用對稱加密算法加密數(shù)據(jù),這樣我們就集成了兩類加密算法的優(yōu)點,既實現(xiàn)了加密速度快的優(yōu)點,又實現(xiàn)了安全方便管理密鑰的優(yōu)點。
五、上源碼
5.1 AES對稱加密
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
/**
* <p>
* AES加密工具
* </p>
*
* @author ocean
* @version 1.0.0
* @date 2023/5/4 14:51
*/
@Slf4j
public class AESUtils {
// 秘鑰 16
private static final String SECRET_KEY = "1111111111111111";
// 秘鑰 24
//private static final String SECRET_KEY = "111111111111111122222222";
// 秘鑰 32
//private static final String SECRET_KEY = "11111111111111112222222233333333";
// 算法
private static final String ALGORITHM = "AES";
private static final String UTF8 = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name();
/**
* 字符串加密
*
* @param message 明文字符串
* @param secretKey 秘鑰
* @return 加密字符串
*/
public static String encryption(String message, String secretKey) {
if (!StringUtils.hasLength(message)) {
log.error("encryption message should not be null or empty.");
}
byte[] encodeBytes = encryption(message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), secretKey);
return Base64.encodeBase64String(encodeBytes);
}
/**
* 字符串加密
*
* @param messageBytes 明文字節(jié)數(shù)組
* @param secretKey 秘鑰
* @return 加密字節(jié)數(shù)組
*/
public static byte[] encryption(byte[] messageBytes, String secretKey) {
if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(messageBytes)) {
log.error("encryption message should not be empty.");
}
if (!StringUtils.hasLength(secretKey)) {
log.error("secretKey {}, encryption key should not be null or empty.", secretKey);
}
Cipher cipher = getCipher(secretKey, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE);
byte[] encryptionBytes = null;
try {
encryptionBytes = cipher.doFinal(messageBytes);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("encryption fail. ", e);
}
return encryptionBytes;
}
/**
* 字符串加密
*
* @param encryptionMessage 加密字符串
* @param secretKey 秘鑰
* @return 明文字符串
*/
public static String decrypt(String encryptionMessage, String secretKey) {
if (!StringUtils.hasLength(encryptionMessage)) {
log.error("decrypt encryptionMessage should not be null or empty.");
}
byte[] decodeBytes = decrypt(Base64.decodeBase64(encryptionMessage.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)), secretKey);
return new String(decodeBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
/**
* 字符串加密
*
* @param encryptedBytes 加密字節(jié)數(shù)組
* @param secretKey 秘鑰
* @return 明文字節(jié)數(shù)組
*/
public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedBytes, String secretKey) {
if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(encryptedBytes)) {
log.error("decrypt encryptedBytes should not be empty.");
}
if (!StringUtils.hasLength(secretKey)) {
log.error("secretKey {}, decrypt key should not be null or empty.", secretKey);
}
Cipher cipher = getCipher(secretKey, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE);
byte[] decodeBytes = null;
try {
decodeBytes = cipher.doFinal(encryptedBytes);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("decrypt fail. ", e);
}
return decodeBytes;
}
private static Cipher getCipher(String key, int mode) {
Cipher cipher = null;
SecretKey secretKey;
try {
cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
byte[] keyBytes = key.getBytes(UTF8);
secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(mode, secretKey);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("getAESCipher fail. ", e);
}
return cipher;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String data = "ocean測試!@#";
log.info("AES秘鑰長度只能為16、24、32:{}", SECRET_KEY.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length);
String encryptionData = encryption(data, SECRET_KEY);
log.info("加密后:{}", encryptionData);
String decryptData = decrypt(encryptionData, SECRET_KEY);
log.info("解密后:{}", decryptData);
}
}
5.2 RSA非對稱加密
PSCK#8 - PSCK#1 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk15on --> <dependency> <groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId> <artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId> <version>1.52</version> </dependency>
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1Encodable;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1Primitive;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.pkcs.PrivateKeyInfo;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.x509.SubjectPublicKeyInfo;
import org.bouncycastle.util.io.pem.PemObject;
import org.bouncycastle.util.io.pem.PemWriter;
import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
public class RsaUtils {
public static final int KEY_SIZE = 2048;
public static final String ALGORITHM = "RSA";
public static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "xxxxpublicKeyxxxx";
public static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "xxxxprivateKeyxxxx";
public static final String CLEAR_TEXT_STRING = "明文字符串";
public static BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
public static BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// PSCK#8
Map<String, String> keyMap = RsaUtil.generateKeyBytes();
System.out.println("PSCK#8-PRIVATEKEY:"+ keyMap.get(RsaUtil.PRIVATE_KEY));
System.out.println("PSCK#8-PUBLICKEY:" + keyMap.get(RsaUtil.PUBLIC_KEY));
PublicKey publicKey8 = RsaUtil.restorePublicKey(keyMap.get(RsaUtil.PUBLIC_KEY));
PrivateKey privateKey8 = RsaUtil.restorePrivateKey(keyMap.get(RsaUtil.PRIVATE_KEY));
// ============公鑰加密-私鑰解密============
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey8);
String messageEn = Base64.encodeBase64String(cipher.doFinal(CLEAR_TEXT_STRING.getBytes("UTF-8")));
System.out.println(CLEAR_TEXT_STRING + "\t加密后的字符串為:" + messageEn);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey8);
String messageDe = new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(messageEn.getBytes("UTF-8"))));
System.out.println("還原后的字符串為:" + messageDe);
// ============公鑰加密-私鑰解密============
// ============PSCK#8>PSCK#1============
byte[] privBytes = privateKey8.getEncoded();
PrivateKeyInfo pkInfo = PrivateKeyInfo.getInstance(privBytes);
ASN1Encodable encodable = pkInfo.getPrivateKey();
ASN1Primitive primitive = encodable.toASN1Primitive();
byte[] privateKeyPKCS1 = primitive.getEncoded();
PemObject pemObject = new PemObject("RSA PRIVATE KEY", privateKeyPKCS1);
StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
PemWriter pemWriter = new PemWriter(stringWriter);
pemWriter.writeObject(pemObject);
pemWriter.close();
String pemString = stringWriter.toString();
System.out.println("PSCK#1-PRIVATEKEY:" + pemString);
byte[] pubBytes = publicKey8.getEncoded();
SubjectPublicKeyInfo spkInfo = SubjectPublicKeyInfo
.getInstance(pubBytes);
ASN1Primitive punlic = spkInfo.parsePublicKey();
byte[] publicKeyPKCS1 = punlic.getEncoded();
PemObject punlicpemObject = new PemObject("RSA PUBLIC KEY",
publicKeyPKCS1);
StringWriter punlicstringWriter = new StringWriter();
PemWriter punlicpemWriter = new PemWriter(punlicstringWriter);
punlicpemWriter.writeObject(punlicpemObject);
punlicpemWriter.close();
String publicemString = punlicstringWriter.toString();
System.out.println("PSCK#8-PUBLICKEY:" + publicemString);
// ============PSCK#8>PSCK#1============
// ============私鑰簽名公鑰驗簽============
// PSCK#8-PRIVATEKEY 私鑰簽名
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA256WithRSA");
signature.initSign(privateKey8);
signature.update(CLEAR_TEXT_STRING.getBytes());
byte[] signed = signature.sign();
String sign = encoder.encode(signed);
// PSCK#8-PUBLICKEY 公鑰驗簽
signature.initVerify(publicKey8);
signature.update(CLEAR_TEXT_STRING.getBytes());
boolean verify = signature.verify(decoder.decodeBuffer(sign));
System.out.println("CLEAR_TEXT_STRING:" + CLEAR_TEXT_STRING);
System.out.println("SIGN:" + sign.replaceAll("\r|\n", ""));
System.out.println(verify);
// ============私鑰簽名公鑰驗簽============
}
/**
* 公私鑰生成
*
* @return
*/
public static Map<String, String> generateKeyBytes() {
try {
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
keyPairGenerator.initialize(KEY_SIZE);
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
Map<String, String> keyMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, new String(Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded())));
keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, new String(Base64.encodeBase64(privateKey.getEncoded())));
return keyMap;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 公鑰生成
* @param key
* @return
*/
public static PublicKey restorePublicKey(String key) {
X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(key));
try {
KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
PublicKey publicKey = factory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);
return publicKey;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeySpecException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 私鑰生成
* @param key
* @return
*/
public static PrivateKey restorePrivateKey(String key) {
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(key));
try {
KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
PrivateKey privateKey = factory
.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);
return privateKey;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeySpecException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
5.3 MD5散列算法
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
@Slf4j
public class MD5Util {
public static final int SIZE_FACTOR = 2;
private static final String[] hexDigits = {"0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"};
public static String MD5Encode(String origin, String charsetname) {
String resultString = null;
try {
resultString = origin;
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
if (charsetname == null || "".equals(charsetname)) {
resultString = byteArrayToHexString(md.digest(resultString.getBytes()));
} else {
resultString = byteArrayToHexString(md.digest(resultString.getBytes(charsetname)));
}
} catch (Exception exception) {
log.error("MD5Util MD5Encode error", exception);
}
return resultString;
}
private static String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] b) {
StringBuffer resultSb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
resultSb.append(byteToHexString(b[i]));
}
return resultSb.toString();
}
private static String byteToHexString(byte b) {
int n = b;
if (n < 0) {
n += 256;
}
int d1 = n / 16;
int d2 = n % 16;
return hexDigits[d1] + hexDigits[d2];
}
public static String encode(String str) {
try {
byte[] hash = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest(str.getBytes("utf-8"));
StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(hash.length * SIZE_FACTOR);
for (byte b : hash) {
hex.append(String.format("%02x", b));
}
return hex.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("MD5 encode error for {}, error is {}", str, e.getMessage(), e);
}
return null;
}
}總結(jié)
到此這篇關(guān)于Java加解密工具類的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Java加解密工具類內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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