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Java中的RestTemplate使用詳解

 更新時間:2023年10月02日 10:22:50   作者:Java技術(shù)那些事兒  
這篇文章主要介紹了Java中的RestTemplate使用詳解,Spring內(nèi)置了RestTemplate作為Http請求的工具類,簡化了很多操作,雖然Spring5推出了WebClient,但是整體感覺還是RestTemplate用起來更簡單方便一些,需要的朋友可以參考下

Java中的RestTemplate使用詳解

在開發(fā)中有時候經(jīng)常需要一些Http請求,請求數(shù)據(jù),下載內(nèi)容,也有一些簡單的分布式應(yīng)用直接使用Http請求作為跨應(yīng)用的交互協(xié)議。

在Java中有不同的Http請求方式,主要就是HttpURLConnection或者ApacheHttpClient,但是這兩個用起來都感覺有那么一點點的復(fù)雜;

好在Spring內(nèi)置了RestTemplate作為Http請求的工具類,簡化了很多操作,雖然Spring5推出了WebClient,但是整體感覺還是RestTemplate用起來更簡單方便一些。

這里記錄分享下RestTemplate的常見使用方式,RestTemplate作為Java中最簡單好用的Http請求工具類一定要了解一下

常見用法

簡單Get\Post請求

    @Test
    public void testGetPost(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        restTemplate.getMessageConverters().add(new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter());
        String res = restTemplate.postForObject("http://test.aihe.space/", null, String.class);
        System.out.println(res);
        String res2 = restTemplate.getForObject("http://test.aihe.space/",  String.class);
        System.out.println(res2);
    }
 

Post提交常規(guī)表單

    @Test
    public void testPostFrom(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
        MultiValueMap<String, String> map= new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        map.add("id", "1");
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> request = new HttpEntity<>(map, headers);
        String fooResourceUrl = "http://test.aihe.space/";
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(fooResourceUrl, request, String.class);
        System.out.println(response.getStatusCode());
        System.out.println(response.getBody());
    }
 

Post上傳文件

注意:上傳文件時的value為 FileSystemResource

@Test
    public void testPostFile(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> map= new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        map.add("id", "1");
        map.add("file",new FileSystemResource("/Users/aihe/code/init/src/test/java/me/aihe/RestTemplateTest.java"));
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(map, headers);
        String fooResourceUrl = "http://test.aihe.space/";
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(fooResourceUrl, request, String.class);
        System.out.println(response.getStatusCode());
        System.out.println(response.getBody());
    }
 

配置項

請求添加Cookie\Header

@Test
    public void testCookieHeader(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> map= new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        // 常見的Header都可以直接設(shè)置
//        headers.set
        headers.set("custom1","customValue1");
        // 設(shè)置Cookie
        headers.set(HttpHeaders.COOKIE,"xxxx");
        map.add("id", "1");
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(map, headers);
        String fooResourceUrl = "http://test.aihe.space/";
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(fooResourceUrl, request, String.class);
        System.out.println(response.getStatusCode());
        System.out.println(response.getBody());
    }
 

配置請求工廠超時、代理

使用Rest請求的時候注意設(shè)置超時時間

@Test
    public void testHttpFactory(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
        requestFactory.setReadTimeout(5000);
        requestFactory.setConnectTimeout(3000);
        Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.SOCKS, new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 7890));
        requestFactory.setProxy(proxy);
        restTemplate.setRequestFactory(requestFactory);
        restTemplate.getMessageConverters().add(new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter());
        String res = restTemplate.postForObject("http://test.aihe.space/", null, String.class);
        System.out.println(res);
    }
 

配置攔截器、轉(zhuǎn)換器,錯誤處理

@Test
    public void testConverterInterceptor(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        restTemplate.setInterceptors(Collections.singletonList(new BasicAuthenticationInterceptor("admin","admin")));
        restTemplate.getMessageConverters().add(new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter());
        restTemplate.setErrorHandler(new DefaultResponseErrorHandler());
        String res = restTemplate.postForObject("http://test.aihe.space/", null, String.class);
        System.out.println(res);
    }
 

錯誤重試(額外)

可以考慮使用Spring Retry,但是相當(dāng)于引入了新的東西,如果沒有特殊必要,可以自己簡單用for循環(huán)做下;

  // Spring Retry方式
  @Bean
  public RetryTemplate retryTemplate() {
    int maxAttempt = Integer.parseInt(env.getProperty("maxAttempt"));
    int retryTimeInterval = Integer.parseInt(env.getProperty("retryTimeInterval"));
    SimpleRetryPolicy retryPolicy = new SimpleRetryPolicy();
    retryPolicy.setMaxAttempts(maxAttempt);
    FixedBackOffPolicy backOffPolicy = new FixedBackOffPolicy();
      // 失敗的間隔
    backOffPolicy.setBackOffPeriod(retryTimeInterval); 
    RetryTemplate template = new RetryTemplate();
    template.setRetryPolicy(retryPolicy);
    template.setBackOffPolicy(backOffPolicy);
    return template;
  }
 

SSL請求

@Test
    public void testSSL() throws FileNotFoundException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyStoreException, UnrecoverableKeyException {
        String keyStorePassword = "123456";
        KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
        keyStore.load(new FileInputStream(new File("keyStoreFile")),
                keyStorePassword.toCharArray());
        SSLConnectionSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(
                new SSLContextBuilder()
                        .loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy())
                        .loadKeyMaterial(keyStore, keyStorePassword.toCharArray())
                        .build(),
                NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(
                socketFactory).build();
        ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(
                httpClient);
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(requestFactory);
        String res = restTemplate.postForObject("http://test.aihe.space/", null, String.class);
        System.out.println(res);
    }
 

基于RestTemplate一些工具

釘釘機器人通知

可以支持發(fā)送普通文本、ActionCard,Markdown的消息

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
 * 使用場景:
 * 功能描述:https://developers.dingtalk.com/document/app/custom-robot-access/title-72m-8ag-pqw
 */
@Slf4j
public class RobotUtils {
    private static RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    private static String URL = "";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        sendMarkDownMsg(
            URL,
            "測試",
            "測試",
            new ArrayList<>()
        );
    }
    /**
     * {
     * "msgtype": "text",
     * "text": {
     * "content": "我就是我, @150XXXXXXXX 是不一樣的煙火"
     * },
     * "at": {
     * "atMobiles": [
     * "150XXXXXXXX"
     * ],
     * "isAtAll": false
     * }
     * }
     */
    public static void sendTextMsg(String url, String content, List<String> atPerson) {
        RobotMsg robotMsg = new RobotMsg();
        robotMsg.setMsgtype("text");
        RobotAt robotAt = new RobotAt();
        robotAt.setAtAll(false);
        if (atPerson != null && atPerson.size() > 0) {
            robotAt.setAtMobiles(atPerson);
        }
        robotMsg.setAt(robotAt);
        RobotText robotText = new RobotText();
        robotText.setContent(content);
        robotMsg.setText(robotText);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, robotMsg, String.class);
        log.info("sendTextMsg {}",responseEntity.getBody());
    }
    /**
     * @param url            機器人地址
     * @param title          actionCard標(biāo)題
     * @param text           縮略內(nèi)容
     * @param vertical 按鈕方向
     * @param btns           按鈕內(nèi)容
     */
    public static void sendActionCardMsg(String url, String title, String text, Boolean vertical, List<RobotBtn> btns) {
        RobotMsg robotMsg = new RobotMsg();
        robotMsg.setMsgtype("actionCard");
        RobotAt robotAt = new RobotAt();
        robotAt.setAtAll(false);
        RobotActionCard robotActionCard
            = new RobotActionCard();
        robotActionCard.setTitle(title);
        robotActionCard.setText(text);
        robotActionCard.setBtnOrientation((vertical == null || vertical) ? "0" : "1");
        robotActionCard.setBtns(btns);
        robotMsg.setActionCard(robotActionCard);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, robotMsg, String.class);
        System.out.println(responseEntity.getBody());
    }
    public static void sendMarkDownMsg(String url,String title,String text,List<String> atPerson){
        RobotMarkDownMsg markDownMsg = new RobotMarkDownMsg();
        markDownMsg.setMsgtype("markdown");
        RobotAt robotAt = new RobotAt();
        robotAt.setAtAll(false);
        if (atPerson != null && atPerson.size() > 0) {
            robotAt.setAtMobiles(atPerson);
        }
        markDownMsg.setAt(robotAt);
        RobotMarkdownText markdownText = new RobotMarkdownText();
        markdownText.setTitle(title);
        markdownText.setText(text);
        markDownMsg.setMarkdown(markdownText);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, markDownMsg, String.class);
        System.out.println(responseEntity.getBody());
    }
    public enum SupportRobotEnum {
        /**
         * 測試機器人群
         */
        CESHI("測試機器人群",
            "");
        @Getter
        private String desc;
        @Getter
        private String url;
        SupportRobotEnum(String desc, String url) {
            this.desc = desc;
            this.url = url;
        }
    }
    @Data
    public static class RobotAt {
        public List<String> atMobiles;
        public boolean isAtAll;
    }
    @Data
    public static class RobotMarkDownMsg{
        public String msgtype;
        public RobotAt at;
        public RobotMarkdownText markdown;
    }
    @Data
    public static class RobotMarkdownText {
        String title;
        String text;
    }
    @Data
    public static class RobotMsg {
        public String msgtype;
        public RobotAt at;
        /**
         * 普通文字消息類型消息
         */
        public RobotText text;
        /**
         * actionCard類型消息時支持
         */
        public RobotActionCard actionCard;
    }
    @Data
    public static class RobotText {
        public String content;
    }
    @Data
    public static class RobotActionCard {
        public String title;
        public String text;
        public String hideAvatar;
        public String btnOrientation;
        public List<RobotBtn> btns;
    }
    @Data
    public static class RobotBtn {
        public String title;
        public String actionURL;
        public static RobotBtn buildBtn(String title, String actionUrl) {
            RobotBtn robotBtn = new RobotBtn();
            robotBtn.setActionURL(actionUrl);
            robotBtn.setTitle(title);
            return robotBtn;
        }
    }
}
 

總結(jié)

1、 Http請求在開發(fā)過程中也是一個常見的高頻操作;

2、Spring封裝了Http的工具類RestTemplate非常好用,基本上滿足了所有Http相關(guān)的需求。

3、這里介紹整理了下RestTemplate的常見使用方式,遇到有對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容,直接翻閱使用即可。

到此這篇關(guān)于Java中的RestTemplate使用詳解的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Java中的RestTemplate內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!

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