Java中常用的9種文件下載方法總結(jié)
一、前言
下載文件在我們項(xiàng)目很常見(jiàn),有下載視頻、文件、圖片、附件、導(dǎo)出Excel、導(dǎo)出Zip壓縮文件等等,這里我對(duì)常見(jiàn)的下載做個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的總結(jié),主要有文件下載、限速下載、多文件打包下載、URL文件打包下載、Excel導(dǎo)出下載、Excel批量導(dǎo)出Zip包下載、多線程加速下載。
二、搭建Spring Boot項(xiàng)目
搭建個(gè)SpringBoot Web項(xiàng)目,引用常用依賴,commons-io作常用IO操作,hutool-all、poi-ooxml做導(dǎo)出Excel操作,commons-compress做多線程壓縮。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId> <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId> <version>5.8.21</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId> <version>4.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-compress</artifactId> <version>1.20</version> </dependency>
三、文件下載
3.1 單文件下載
最簡(jiǎn)單的下載就是提供一個(gè)文件下載接口,瀏覽器請(qǐng)求接口后預(yù)覽或者下載文件,這里以下載一個(gè)1.2G的視頻為例,直接看 /download接口
@GetMapping("/download") public void download(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { File file = new File("/Users/zxk/Movies/1.2G.mp4"); response.setContentType("video/mp4;charset=utf8"); //設(shè)置下載文件名 response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + file.getName()); //中文亂碼處理 //response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(file.getName(), "UTF-8") ); //網(wǎng)頁(yè)直接播放 //response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "inline"); //下載進(jìn)度 response.setContentLengthLong(file.length()); try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file); OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream() ) { IOUtils.copy(inputStream, outputStream); } }
這里有以下幾點(diǎn)需要注意:
- 1. response.setContentType設(shè)置文件的類型
- 2. Content-Disposition設(shè)置文件下載時(shí)顯示的文件名,如果有中文亂碼,需要URLEncode,如果希望瀏覽器直接打開(kāi)可以設(shè)置"inline"
- 3. response.setContentLengthLong(file.length()),設(shè)置Http body長(zhǎng)度可以在下載時(shí)顯示進(jìn)度
- 4. 下載完成需要關(guān)閉流,這里使用try-with-resource自動(dòng)關(guān)閉流
3.2限速下載
使用第一種下載速度會(huì)非常快,可能瞬間就將你的服務(wù)器帶寬占滿了,所以就需要限制下載速度。某盤(pán)開(kāi)會(huì)員和不開(kāi)會(huì)員下載速度相差非常大,就是針對(duì)不用同步給限制了不同的下載速度
@GetMapping("/limitSpeed") public void limitSpeed(@RequestParam(value = "speed", defaultValue = "1024") int speed, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { File path = new File("/Users/zxk/Movies/1.2G.mp4"); response.setContentType("video/mp4;charset=utf8"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + path.getName()); response.setContentLengthLong(path.length()); try ( InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(path); OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream() ) { byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int length; SpeedLimiter speedLimiter = new SpeedLimiter(speed); while ((length = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) { outputStream.write(buffer, 0, length); speedLimiter.delayNextBytes(length); } } } public class SpeedLimiter { /** 速度上限(KB/s), 0=不限速 */ private int maxRate = 1024; private long getMaxRateBytes(){ return this.maxRate * 1024L; } private long getLessCountBytes() { long lcb = getMaxRateBytes() / 10; if (lcb < 10240) lcb = 10240; return lcb; } public SpeedLimiter(int maxRate) { this.setMaxRate(maxRate); } public synchronized void setMaxRate(int maxRate){ this.maxRate = Math.max(maxRate, 0); } private long totalBytes = 0; private long tmpCountBytes = 0; private final long lastTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); public synchronized void delayNextBytes(int len) { if (maxRate <= 0) return; totalBytes += len; tmpCountBytes += len; //未達(dá)到指定字節(jié)數(shù)跳過(guò)... if (tmpCountBytes < getLessCountBytes()) { return; } long nowTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); long sendTime = nowTime - lastTime; long workTime = (totalBytes * 1000) / getMaxRateBytes(); long delayTime = workTime - sendTime; if (delayTime > 0) { try { Thread.sleep(delayTime); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } tmpCountBytes = 0; } } }
3.3多文件打成ZIP包下載
有了單文件下載,肯定就用多文件下載,一般瀏覽器下載多個(gè)文件是將多個(gè)文件打包成一個(gè)Zip文件下載。
@GetMapping("/zip") public void zip(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { File file1 = new File("/Users/zxk/Movies/2.mp4"); File file2 = new File("/Users/zxk/Movies/2.mp4"); List<File> files = Arrays.asList(file2, file1); response.setContentType("application/zip"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=demo.zip"); try (ZipOutputStream zipOutputStream = new ZipOutputStream(response.getOutputStream())) { zipOutputStream.setLevel(0); files.forEach(f -> { try (FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(f)) { zipOutputStream.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(f.getName())); IOUtils.copy(inputStream, zipOutputStream); zipOutputStream.closeEntry(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); zipOutputStream.flush(); zipOutputStream.finish(); } }
多文件打成Zip包注意事項(xiàng):
- 1. zipOutputStream.setLevel(0)設(shè)置壓縮等級(jí),0為不壓縮,這樣可以提升下載速度
- 2. 多個(gè)文件打包下載時(shí)并不是所有文件壓縮完成后才開(kāi)始下載,而是邊壓縮邊下載,這樣用戶點(diǎn)了下載后,下載任務(wù)會(huì)直接進(jìn)入瀏覽器下載列表
3.4整個(gè)文件夾下載
有時(shí)需要遞歸將整個(gè)文件夾打包下載下來(lái)
@GetMapping("/dir") public void dir(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { File dir = new File("/Users/zxk/Movies/download"); response.setContentType("application/zip"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=demo.zip"); try (ZipOutputStream zipOutputStream = new ZipOutputStream(response.getOutputStream())) { zipOutputStream.setLevel(0); zip(zipOutputStream, "", dir); zipOutputStream.flush(); zipOutputStream.finish(); } } public void zip(ZipOutputStream zipOutputStream, String parentPath, File file) throws IOException { if (file.isDirectory()) { File[] subFiles = file.listFiles(); if (subFiles != null) { for (File f : subFiles) { zip(zipOutputStream, parentPath + file.getName() + "/", f); } } } else { try (FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file)) { zipOutputStream.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(parentPath + file.getName())); IOUtils.copy(fileInputStream, zipOutputStream); } } }
注意事項(xiàng):
1. 會(huì)遞歸整個(gè)文件夾,文件夾文件不能太多
3.5通過(guò)URL打包下載
有時(shí)我們的文件可能是存在云存儲(chǔ)上,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里存的是文件的ULR,下載時(shí)我們就需要通過(guò)URL將多個(gè)文件打包下載
@GetMapping("/urlZip") public void urlZip(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { List<String> urls = Arrays.asList("https://demo.com/11666832527556.jpeg", "https://demo.com/11666831385156.jpeg", "https://demo.com/11666829917700.jpeg", "https://demo.com/11666762702021.png", "https://demo.com/11666762702020.webp", "https://demo.com/11666549651972.jpg", "https://demo.com/11666524497476.jpeg", "https://demo.com/11666507113092.jpg"); response.setContentType("application/zip"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=demo.zip"); try (ZipOutputStream zipOutputStream = new ZipOutputStream(response.getOutputStream())) { zipOutputStream.setLevel(0); urls.forEach(f -> { try { zipOutputStream.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(StringUtils.getFilename(f))); HttpUtil.download(f, zipOutputStream, false); zipOutputStream.closeEntry(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); zipOutputStream.flush(); zipOutputStream.finish(); } }
3.6導(dǎo)出Excel下載
有些下載的文件并不存在,而是先從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中查出數(shù)據(jù),再動(dòng)態(tài)生成文件,再提供給用戶下載,這里我們以導(dǎo)出單個(gè)Excel文件為例:
@GetMapping("/excel") public void excel(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { List<List<Integer>> rows = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { rows.add(IntStream.range(i, i + 100).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList())); } response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=utf-8"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=test.xls"); try (OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); ExcelWriter writer = ExcelUtil.getWriter()) { writer.write(rows); writer.flush(out, true); } }
3.7批量導(dǎo)出Excel打包下載
很多業(yè)務(wù)需要一次性導(dǎo)出多個(gè)Excel,這里我們可以將多個(gè)Excel壓縮成一個(gè)Zip文件下載下來(lái),這里以動(dòng)態(tài)生成10個(gè)Excel主例:
@GetMapping("/excelZip") public void excelZip(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { response.setContentType("application/zip"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=demo.zip"); try (ZipOutputStream zipOutputStream = new ZipOutputStream(response.getOutputStream())) { zipOutputStream.setLevel(0); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { zipOutputStream.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(String.format("%s.xls", i))); try (ExcelWriter writer = ExcelUtil.getWriter()) { writer.write(generateData()); writer.flush(zipOutputStream); } } zipOutputStream.flush(); zipOutputStream.finish(); } } private List<List<Integer>> generateData() { List<List<Integer>> rows = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { rows.add(IntStream.range(i, i + 100).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList())); } return rows; }
3.8多線程加速下載
有時(shí)下載數(shù)據(jù)量比較多,單線程打包會(huì)比較慢,這里我們就需要使用多線程并發(fā)打包提高打包速度,這里我以多線程下載多個(gè)URL文件為例使用commons-compress的ParallelScatterZipCreator多線程并發(fā)打包
public static final ThreadFactory factory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNamePrefix("compressFileList-pool-").build(); public static final ExecutorService executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10, 10, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(20), factory); @GetMapping("/parallelZip") public void excelZipThread(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { response.setContentType("application/zip"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=demo.zip"); List<String> urls = Arrays.asList("https://demo.com/11671291835144.png", "https://demo.com/11671291834824.png", "https://demo.com/11671291833928.png", "https://demo.com/11671291833800.png", "https://demo.com/11671291833480.png", "https://demo.com/11671291828232.png", "https://demo.com/11671291827528.png", "https://demo.com/11671291825737.png", "https://demo.com/11671291825736.png"); ParallelScatterZipCreator parallelScatterZipCreator = new ParallelScatterZipCreator(executor); try (ZipArchiveOutputStream zipArchiveOutputStream = new ZipArchiveOutputStream(response.getOutputStream())) { zipArchiveOutputStream.setLevel(0); urls.forEach(x -> { ZipArchiveEntry zipArchiveEntry = new ZipArchiveEntry(StringUtils.getFilename(x)); zipArchiveEntry.setMethod(ZipArchiveEntry.STORED); InputStreamSupplier inputStreamSupplier = () -> URLUtil.getStream(URLUtil.url(x)); parallelScatterZipCreator.addArchiveEntry(zipArchiveEntry, inputStreamSupplier); }); parallelScatterZipCreator.writeTo(zipArchiveOutputStream); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
3.9多線程批量導(dǎo)Excel打包下載
這種是比較復(fù)雜的,動(dòng)態(tài)生成多個(gè)Excel文件后,使用多線程打成ZIP包下載
@GetMapping("/parallelexcelZip") public void parallelexcelZip(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { response.setContentType("application/zip"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=demo.zip"); ParallelScatterZipCreator parallelScatterZipCreator = new ParallelScatterZipCreator(executor); try (ZipArchiveOutputStream zipArchiveOutputStream = new ZipArchiveOutputStream(response.getOutputStream())) { zipArchiveOutputStream.setLevel(0); IntStream.range(1,10).forEach(x -> { InputStreamSupplier inputStreamSupplier = () ->{ ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream=new ByteArrayOutputStream(); try(ExcelWriter writer=ExcelUtil.getWriter()) { writer.write(generateData()); writer.flush(outputStream); } return new ByteArrayInputStream(outputStream.toByteArray()); }; ZipArchiveEntry zipArchiveEntry = new ZipArchiveEntry(String.format("%s.xls",x)); zipArchiveEntry.setMethod(ZipArchiveEntry.STORED); parallelScatterZipCreator.addArchiveEntry(zipArchiveEntry, inputStreamSupplier); }); parallelScatterZipCreator.writeTo(zipArchiveOutputStream); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
四、總結(jié)
本文主要總結(jié)了常用9種常見(jiàn)的文件下載操作,并提供對(duì)應(yīng)的演示代碼,當(dāng)然還有一些沒(méi)有總結(jié)到的,如分片下載、斷點(diǎn)結(jié)續(xù)下、分布式下載限速等,這些高級(jí)下載在普通項(xiàng)目中用到的不太多所以沒(méi)有總結(jié)。
到此這篇關(guān)于Java中常用的9種文件下載方法總結(jié)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Java文件下載內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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