springboot項(xiàng)目防止XSS攻擊和sql注入方式
1、XSS跨站腳本攻擊
①:XSS漏洞介紹
跨站腳本攻擊XSS是指攻擊者往Web頁面里插入惡意Script代碼,當(dāng)用戶瀏覽該頁之時(shí),嵌入其中Web里面的Script代碼會被解析執(zhí)行,從而達(dá)到惡意攻擊用戶的目的。
XSS攻擊針對的是用戶層面的攻擊!
②:XSS漏洞分類
存儲型XSS:存儲型XSS,持久化,代碼是存儲在服務(wù)器中的,如在個(gè)人信息或發(fā)表文章等地方,插入代碼,如果沒有過濾或過濾不嚴(yán),那么這些代碼將儲存到服務(wù)器中,用戶訪問該頁面的時(shí)候觸發(fā)代碼執(zhí)行。
這種XSS比較危險(xiǎn),容易造成蠕蟲,盜竊cookie
反射型XSS:非持久化,需要欺騙用戶自己去點(diǎn)擊鏈接才能觸發(fā)XSS代碼(服務(wù)器中沒有這樣的頁面和內(nèi)容),一般容易出現(xiàn)在搜索頁面
③:防護(hù)建議
限制用戶輸入,表單數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)定值得類型,例如年齡只能是int,name為字母數(shù)字組合
- 對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行html encode處理
- 過濾或移除特殊的html標(biāo)簽
- 過濾javascript事件的標(biāo)簽
2、 SQL注入攻擊
①:SQL注入漏洞介紹
SQL注入(SQLi)是一種注入攻擊,可以執(zhí)行惡意SQL語句。它通過將任意SQL代碼插入數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢,使攻擊者能夠完全控制Web應(yīng)用程序后面的數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器。攻擊者可以使用SQL注入漏洞繞過應(yīng)用程序安全措施;可以繞過網(wǎng)頁或Web應(yīng)用程序的身份驗(yàn)證和授權(quán),并檢索整個(gè)SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的內(nèi)容;還可以使用SQL注入來添加,修改和刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫中的記錄。
SQL注入漏洞可能會影響使用SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(如MySQL,Oracle,SQL Server或其他)的任何網(wǎng)站或Web應(yīng)用程序。犯罪分子可能會利用它來未經(jīng)授權(quán)訪問用戶的敏感數(shù)據(jù):客戶信息,個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù),商業(yè)機(jī)密,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)等。SQL注入攻擊是最古老,最流行,最危險(xiǎn)的Web應(yīng)用程序漏洞之一
②:防護(hù)建議
使用mybatis中#{}可以有效防止sql注入
- 使用#{}時(shí)
<select id="getBlogById" resultType="Blog" parameterType=”int”> select id,title,author,content from blog where id=#{id} </select>
打印出執(zhí)行的sql語句,會看到sql是這樣的:
select id,title,author,content from blog where id = ?
不管輸入什么參數(shù),打印出的sql都是這樣的。
這是因?yàn)閙ybatis啟用了預(yù)編譯功能,在sql執(zhí)行前,會先將上面的sql發(fā)送給數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行編譯,執(zhí)行時(shí),直接使用編譯好的sql,替換占位符“?”就可以了。
因?yàn)閟ql注入只能對編譯過程起作用,所以像#{}這樣預(yù)編譯成?的方式就很好地避免了sql注入的問題
mybatis是如何做到sql預(yù)編譯的呢?
其實(shí)在框架底層,是jdbc中的PreparedStatement類在起作用,PreparedStatement是我們很熟悉的Statement的子類,它的對象包含了編譯好的sql語句。
這種“準(zhǔn)備好”的方式不僅能提高安全性,而且在多次執(zhí)行一個(gè)sql時(shí),能夠提高效率,原因是sql已編譯好,再次執(zhí)行時(shí)無需再編譯
- 使用${}時(shí)
<select id="orderBlog" resultType="Blog" parameterType=”map”> select id,title,author,content from blog order by ${<!-- -->orderParam}</select>仔細(xì)觀察,內(nèi)聯(lián)參數(shù)的格式由“#{<!-- -->xxx}”變?yōu)榱?{<!-- -->xxx}。如果我們給參數(shù)“orderParam”賦值為”id”,將sql打印出來,是這樣的:select id,title,author,contet from blog order by id<select id="orderBlog" resultType="Blog" parameterType=”map”> select id,title,author,content from blog order by ${orderParam} </select>
仔細(xì)觀察,內(nèi)聯(lián)參數(shù)的格式由“#{xxx}”變?yōu)榱?{xxx}。如果我們給參數(shù)“orderParam”賦值為”id”,將sql打印出來,是這樣的:
select id,title,author,contet from blog order by id
顯然,這樣是無法阻止sql注入的,參數(shù)會直接參與sql編譯,從而不能避免注入攻擊。但涉及到動(dòng)態(tài)表名和列名時(shí),只能使用“${}”這樣的參數(shù)格式,所以,這樣的參數(shù)需要我們在代碼中手工進(jìn)行處理來防止注入
3、 SpringBoot中如何防止XSS攻擊和sql注入
對于Xss攻擊和Sql注入,我們可以通過過濾器來搞定,可根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)需要排除部分請求
①:創(chuàng)建Xss請求過濾類
XssAndSqlHttpServletRequestWrapper
import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils; import javax.servlet.ReadListener; import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; /** * @author code * @version 1.0 * @Date 2023/2/7 10:38 * @Description ${DESCRIPTION} */ public class XssAndSqlHttpServletRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper { private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(XssAndSqlHttpServletRequestWrapper.class); private String key = "and|exec|insert|select|delete|update|count|*|%|chr|mid|master|truncate|char|declare|;|or|-|+"; private Set<String> notAllowedKeyWords = new HashSet<String>(0); HttpServletRequest orgRequest = null; private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap; private final byte[] body; //用于保存讀取body中數(shù)據(jù) public XssAndSqlHttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException { super(request); orgRequest = request; parameterMap = request.getParameterMap(); body = StreamUtils.copyToByteArray(request.getInputStream()); String keyStr[] = key.split("\\|"); for (String str : keyStr) { notAllowedKeyWords.add(str); } } // 重寫幾個(gè)HttpServletRequestWrapper中的方法 /** * 獲取所有參數(shù)名 * * @return 返回所有參數(shù)名 */ @Override public Enumeration<String> getParameterNames() { Vector<String> vector = new Vector<String>(parameterMap.keySet()); return vector.elements(); } /** * 覆蓋getParameter方法,將參數(shù)名和參數(shù)值都做xss & sql過濾。<br> * 如果需要獲得原始的值,則通過super.getParameterValues(name)來獲取<br> * getParameterNames,getParameterValues和getParameterMap也可能需要覆蓋 */ @Override public String getParameter(String name) { String[] results = parameterMap.get(name); if (results == null || results.length == 0) return null; else { String value = results[0]; if (value != null) { value = xssEncode(value); } return value; } } @Override public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() { Map<String,String[]> values = super.getParameterMap(); if(null == values){ return null; } Map<String,String[]> result = new HashMap<>(); for (String key : values.keySet()) { String encodedKey = xssEncode(key); int count = values.get(key).length; String[] encodedValues = new String[count]; for(int i = 0;i < count;i++){ encodedValues[i] = xssEncode(values.get(key)[i]); } result.put(encodedKey,encodedValues); } return result; } /** * 獲取指定參數(shù)名的所有值的數(shù)組,如:checkbox的所有數(shù)據(jù) 接收數(shù)組變量 ,如checkobx類型 */ @Override public String[] getParameterValues(String name) { String[] results = parameterMap.get(name); if (results == null || results.length == 0) return null; else { int length = results.length; for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { results[i] = xssEncode(results[i]); } return results; } } /** * 覆蓋getHeader方法,將參數(shù)名和參數(shù)值都做xss & sql過濾。<br> * 如果需要獲得原始的值,則通過super.getHeaders(name)來獲取<br> * getHeaderNames 也可能需要覆蓋 */ @Override public String getHeader(String name) { String value = super.getHeader(xssEncode(name)); if (value != null) { value = xssEncode(value); } return value; } /** * 將容易引起xss & sql漏洞的半角字符直接替換成全角字符 * * @param s * @return */ private String xssEncode(String s) { if (s == null || s.isEmpty()) { return s; } else { s = stripXSSAndSql(s); } StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s.length() + 16); for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) { char c = s.charAt(i); switch (c) { case '>': sb.append(">");// 轉(zhuǎn)義大于號 break; case '<': sb.append("<");// 轉(zhuǎn)義小于號 break; case '\'': sb.append("'");// 轉(zhuǎn)義單引號 break; case '\"': sb.append(""");// 轉(zhuǎn)義雙引號 break; case '&': sb.append("&");// 轉(zhuǎn)義& break; case '#': sb.append("#");// 轉(zhuǎn)義# break; default: sb.append(c); break; } } return sb.toString(); } /** * 獲取最原始的request * * @return */ public HttpServletRequest getOrgRequest() { return orgRequest; } /** * 獲取最原始的request的靜態(tài)方法 * * @return */ @SuppressWarnings("unused") public HttpServletRequest getOrgRequest(HttpServletRequest req) { if (req instanceof XssAndSqlHttpServletRequestWrapper) { return ((XssAndSqlHttpServletRequestWrapper) req).getOrgRequest(); } return req; } /** * * 防止xss跨腳本攻擊(替換,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況調(diào)整) */ public String stripXSSAndSql(String value) { if (value != null) { // NOTE: It's highly recommended to use the ESAPI library and // uncomment the following line to // avoid encoded attacks. // value = ESAPI.encoder().canonicalize(value); // Avoid null characters /** value = value.replaceAll("", ""); ***/ // Avoid anything between script tags Pattern scriptPattern = Pattern.compile( "<[\r\n| | ]*script[\r\n| | ]*>(.*?)<!--[\r\n| | ]*script[\r\n| | ]*-->", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll(""); // Avoid anything in a // src="http://www.yihaomen.com/article/java/..." type of // e-xpression scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("src[\r\n| | ]*=[\r\n| | ]*[\\\"|\\\'](.*?)[\\\"|\\\']", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL); value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll(""); // Remove any lonesome tag scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("<!--[\r\n| | ]*script[\r\n| | ]*-->", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll(""); // Remove any lonesome <script ...> tag scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("<[\r\n| | ]*script(.*?)>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL); value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll(""); // Avoid eval(...) expressions scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("eval\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL); value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll(""); // Avoid e-xpression(...) expressions scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("e-xpression\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL); value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll(""); // Avoid javascript:... expressions scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("javascript[\r\n| | ]*:[\r\n| | ]*", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll(""); // Avoid vbscript:... expressions scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("vbscript[\r\n| | ]*:[\r\n| | ]*", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll(""); // Avoid οnlοad= expressions scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("onload(.*?)=", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL); value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll(""); } return value; } public boolean checkXSSAndSql(String value) { boolean flag = false; if (value != null) { // NOTE: It's highly recommended to use the ESAPI library and // uncomment the following line to // avoid encoded attacks. // value = ESAPI.encoder().canonicalize(value); // Avoid null characters /** value = value.replaceAll("", ""); ***/ // Avoid anything between script tags Pattern scriptPattern = Pattern.compile( "<[\r\n| | ]*script[\r\n| | ]*>(.*?)</[\r\n| | ]*script[\r\n| | ]*>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); flag = scriptPattern.matcher(value).find(); if (flag) { return flag; } // Avoid anything in a // src="http://www.yihaomen.com/article/java/..." type of // e-xpression scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("src[\r\n| | ]*=[\r\n| | ]*[\\\"|\\\'](.*?)[\\\"|\\\']", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL); flag = scriptPattern.matcher(value).find(); if (flag) { return flag; } // Remove any lonesome </script> tag scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("<!--[\r\n| | ]*script[\r\n| | ]*-->", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); flag = scriptPattern.matcher(value).find(); if (flag) { return flag; } // Remove any lonesome <script ...> tag scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("<[\r\n| | ]*script(.*?)>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL); flag = scriptPattern.matcher(value).find(); if (flag) { return flag; } // Avoid eval(...) expressions scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("eval\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL); flag = scriptPattern.matcher(value).find(); if (flag) { return flag; } // Avoid e-xpression(...) expressions scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("e-xpression\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL); flag = scriptPattern.matcher(value).find(); if (flag) { return flag; } // Avoid javascript:... expressions scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("javascript[\r\n| | ]*:[\r\n| | ]*", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); flag = scriptPattern.matcher(value).find(); if (flag) { return flag; } // Avoid vbscript:... expressions scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("vbscript[\r\n| | ]*:[\r\n| | ]*", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); flag = scriptPattern.matcher(value).find(); if (flag) { return flag; } // Avoid οnlοad= expressions scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("onload(.*?)=", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL); flag = scriptPattern.matcher(value).find(); if (flag) { return flag; } flag = checkSqlKeyWords(value); } return flag; } public boolean checkSqlKeyWords(String value){ String paramValue = value; for (String keyword : notAllowedKeyWords) { if (paramValue.length() > keyword.length() + 4 && (paramValue.contains(" "+keyword)||paramValue.contains(keyword+" ")||paramValue.contains(" "+keyword+" "))) { logger.error(this.getRequestURI()+ "參數(shù)中包含不允許sql的關(guān)鍵詞(" + keyword + ")"); return true; } } return false; } public final boolean checkParameter() { @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" }) Map<String, String[]> submitParams = new HashMap(parameterMap); Set<String> submitNames = submitParams.keySet(); for (String submitName : submitNames) { Object submitValues = submitParams.get(submitName); if ((submitValues instanceof String)) { if (checkXSSAndSql((String) submitValues)) { return true; } } else if ((submitValues instanceof String[])) { for (String submitValue : (String[])submitValues){ if (checkXSSAndSql(submitValue)) { return true; } } } } return false; } @Override public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException { return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream())); } @Override public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { final ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(body); return new ServletInputStream() { @Override public int read() throws IOException { return bais.read(); } @Override public boolean isFinished() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return false; } @Override public boolean isReady() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return false; } @Override public void setReadListener(ReadListener arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }; } }
②:把請求過濾類XssAndSqlHttpServletRequestWrapper添加到Filter中
注入容器
import com.fwpt.common.core.config.XssAndSqlHttpServletRequestWrapper; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; /** * @author code * @version 1.0 * @Date 2023/2/7 10:40 * @Description ${sql xss過濾器} */ @WebFilter @Component public class CrosXssFilter implements Filter { @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; //跨域設(shè)置 // if(servletResponse instanceof HttpServletResponse){ // HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse=(HttpServletResponse)servletResponse; // //通過在響應(yīng) header 中設(shè)置 ‘*' 來允許來自所有域的跨域請求訪問。 // httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*"); // //通過對 Credentials 參數(shù)的設(shè)置,就可以保持跨域 Ajax 時(shí)的 Cookie // //設(shè)置了Allow-Credentials,Allow-Origin就不能為*,需要指明具體的url域 // //httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true"); // //請求方式 // httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "*"); // //(預(yù)檢請求)的返回結(jié)果(即 Access-Control-Allow-Methods 和Access-Control-Allow-Headers 提供的信息) 可以被緩存多久 // httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "86400"); // //首部字段用于預(yù)檢請求的響應(yīng)。其指明了實(shí)際請求中允許攜帶的首部字段 // httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "*"); // } XssAndSqlHttpServletRequestWrapper xssRequest=new XssAndSqlHttpServletRequestWrapper(request); String method = ((HttpServletRequest) request).getMethod(); String param = ""; if ("POST".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) { param = this.getBodyString(xssRequest.getReader()); if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(param)){ if(xssRequest.checkXSSAndSql(param)){ servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); servletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8"); PrintWriter out = servletResponse.getWriter(); out.write("param is invalid"); return; } } } if (xssRequest.checkParameter()) { servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); servletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8"); PrintWriter out = servletResponse.getWriter(); out.write("param is invalid"); return; } filterChain.doFilter(xssRequest, servletResponse); } // 獲取request請求body中參數(shù) public String getBodyString(BufferedReader br) { String inputLine; String str = ""; try { while ((inputLine = br.readLine()) != null) { str += inputLine; } br.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return str; } @Override public void destroy() { } }
總結(jié)
以上為個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn),希望能給大家一個(gè)參考,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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