public interface IConfigurationSource
{
    IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder);
}

public interface IConfigurationProvider
{
	//讀取配置
    bool TryGet(string key, out string? value);
    //修改配置
    void Set(string key, string? value);
    //獲取重載配置的Token
    IChangeToken GetReloadToken();
    //載入配置
    void Load();
    //獲取指定父路徑下的直接子節(jié)點(diǎn)Key，然后 Concat(earlierKeys) 一同返回
    IEnumerable<string> GetChildKeys(IEnumerable<string> earlierKeys, string? parentPath);
}

public interface IConfigurationBuilder
{
	//保存Build的一些公開的字典屬性，有需要的化可以使用該字段存放一些變量
    IDictionary<string, object> Properties { get; }
    //來自多個(gè)地方的配置源集合
    IList<IConfigurationSource> Sources { get; }
    //向Sources屬性中添加一個(gè)配置源
    IConfigurationBuilder Add(IConfigurationSource source);
    //基于所有配置源生成一個(gè)全局的配置，供程序讀寫，一般我們都是用這個(gè)接口對(duì)配置進(jìn)行讀寫。
    IConfigurationRoot Build();
}

 public class ConfigurationBuilder : IConfigurationBuilder
 {
     private readonly List<IConfigurationSource> _sources = new();
     public IList<IConfigurationSource> Sources => _sources;
     public IDictionary<string, object> Properties { get; } = new Dictionary<string, object>();
     public IConfigurationBuilder Add(IConfigurationSource source)
     {
         ThrowHelper.ThrowIfNull(source);
         _sources.Add(source);
         return this;
     }
     public IConfigurationRoot Build()
     {
         var providers = new List<IConfigurationProvider>();
         foreach (IConfigurationSource source in _sources)
         {
             IConfigurationProvider provider = source.Build(this);
             providers.Add(provider);
         }
         return new ConfigurationRoot(providers);
     }
 }

public interface IConfiguration
{
	//獲取或設(shè)置配置
    string? this[string key] { get; set; }
	//獲取指定key的配置子節(jié)點(diǎn)
    IConfigurationSection GetSection(string key);
	//獲取當(dāng)前配置的直接子節(jié)點(diǎn)列表
    IEnumerable<IConfigurationSection> GetChildren();
    
    //當(dāng)配置發(fā)生變更時(shí)的token
    IChangeToken GetReloadToken();
}

public interface IConfigurationRoot : IConfiguration
{
	//強(qiáng)制重載所有配置
    void Reload();
    //所有配置提供程序
    IEnumerable<IConfigurationProvider> Providers { get; }
}

public class DataBaseConfigurationSource : IConfigurationSource
{
    public IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder)
    {
        return new DataBaseConfigurationProvider();
    }
}

public class DataBaseConfigurationProvider : ConfigurationProvider
{
    public override void Load()
    {
        base.Load();
        //讀取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置
    }
}
public static class DataBaseConfigurationExtensions
{
    public static IConfigurationBuilder AddDb(this IConfigurationBuilder configurationBuilder)
    {
        configurationBuilder.Sources.Add(new DataBaseConfigurationSource());
        return configurationBuilder;
    }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
        .AddDb()
        .Build();
    var value = builder["key"];
}

static void MemoryConfig()
{
    List<KeyValuePair<string, string?>>? initialData = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string?>>();
    initialData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string?>("name", "tom"));

    IConfigurationRoot configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
        .AddInMemoryCollection(initialData)
        .Build();

    Console.WriteLine("name:" + configuration["name"]);
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    MemoryConfig();
}

static void ChainedConfig()
{
    List<KeyValuePair<string, string?>>? initialData = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string?>>();
    initialData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string?>("name", "tom"));

	//初始化一個(gè)已有的配置
    IConfigurationRoot configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
        .AddInMemoryCollection(initialData)
        .Build();

	//基于已有的配置，重新生成一個(gè)一模一樣的配置。
    IConfigurationRoot newConfiguration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
        .AddConfiguration(configuration)
        .Build();
    Console.WriteLine("name:" + configuration["name"]);
}

//基于命令行的配置
static void CommandLineConfig()
{
    IConfigurationRoot configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
        .AddCommandLine(["name=tom","age=32"])
        .Build();
    Console.WriteLine("name:" + configuration["name"]);

static void EnvironmentConfig()
{
    IConfigurationRoot configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
        .AddEnvironmentVariables("Test_")
        .Build();
    Console.WriteLine("name:" + configuration["Name"]);
}

//基于Json文件的配置
static void AddJsonFileConfig()
{
    IConfiguration configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
        .AddJsonFile("app.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
        .Build();
    Console.WriteLine("name:" + configuration["name"]);
}

{
	"person":
	{
		"name":"caoruipeng",
		"age":12,
		"school":"北京大學(xué)"
	},
	"name":"tom11"
}

//基于XML文件的配置
static void AddXmlFileConfig()
{
    IConfiguration configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
        .AddXmlFile("app.xml", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
        .Build();
    Console.WriteLine("name:" + configuration["name"]);
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<config>
	<name>tom</name>
	<age>21</age>
	<school>beijing</school>
</config>

//基于INI文件的配置
static void AddIniFileConfig()
{
    IConfiguration configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
        .AddIniFile("app.ini", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
        .Build();
    Console.WriteLine("name:" + configuration["person:name"]);
}

[person]
name=tom
age=27

//自定義配置源
public class DataBaseConfigurationSource : IConfigurationSource
{
    public IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder)
    {
        return new DataBaseConfigurationProvider();
    }
}


//自定義配置提供程序
public class DataBaseConfigurationProvider : ConfigurationProvider
{
    public override void Load()
    {
        base.Load();
        //讀取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置
    }
}

//數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置程序的擴(kuò)展方法
public static class DataBaseConfigurationExtensions
{
    public static IConfigurationBuilder AddDb(this IConfigurationBuilder configurationBuilder)
    {
        configurationBuilder.Sources.Add(new DataBaseConfigurationSource());
        return configurationBuilder;
    }
}

//調(diào)用案例
static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
    .AddDb()
    .Build();
    var value = builder["key"];
}