詳細(xì)解析C#多線程同步事件及等待句柄
最近搗鼓了一下多線程的同步問題,發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)C#關(guān)于多線程同步事件處理還是很靈活,這里主要寫一下,自己測(cè)試的一些代碼,涉及到了AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent,當(dāng)然還有也簡(jiǎn)要提了一下System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne 、System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAny和System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAll ,下面我們一最初學(xué)者的角度來看,多線程之間的同步。
假設(shè)有這樣的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景,主線程開了一個(gè)子線程,讓子線程等著,等主線程完成了某件事情時(shí)再通知子線程去往下執(zhí)行,這里關(guān)鍵就在于這個(gè)怎讓子線程等著,主線程怎通知子線程,一般情況下我們不難想到用一個(gè)公共變量,于是咱們就有了下面的代碼:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Threading; namespace AutoResetEventTest { class Class1 { static bool flag = true; static void DoWork() { Console.WriteLine(" worker thread started, now waiting on event..."); while (flag) { } Console.WriteLine(" worker thread reactivated, now exiting..."); } static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread..."); Thread t = new Thread(DoWork); t.Start(); Console.WriteLine("main thrad sleeping for 1 second..."); Thread.Sleep(1000); Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread..."); flag = false; } } }
雖然目的達(dá)到了,但是看著這代碼就糾結(jié),下面該是我們的主角上場(chǎng)了,AutoResetEvent 和 ManualResetEvent,關(guān)于這兩者我們暫且認(rèn)為是差不多了,稍后我會(huì)介紹他們的不同,這里以AutoResetEvent為例,其實(shí)很多官方的說法太過于抽象,這里通俗地講,可以認(rèn)為AutoResetEvent就是一個(gè)公共的變量(盡管它是一個(gè)事件),創(chuàng)建的時(shí)候可以設(shè)置為false,然后在要等待的線程使用它的WaitOne方法,那么線程就一直會(huì)處于等待狀態(tài),只有這個(gè)AutoResetEvent被別的線程使用了Set方法,也就是要發(fā)通知的線程使用了它的Set方法,那么等待的線程就會(huì)往下執(zhí)行了,Set就是發(fā)信號(hào),WaitOne是等待信號(hào),只有發(fā)了信號(hào),等待的才會(huì)執(zhí)行。如果不發(fā)的話,WaitOne后面的程序就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)執(zhí)行。好下面看用AutoResetEvent改造上面的程序:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Threading; namespace AutoResetEventTest { class Class2 { static AutoResetEvent mEvent=new AutoResetEvent(false); //static ManualResetEvent mEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); static void DoWork() { Console.WriteLine(" worker thread started, now waiting on event..."); mEvent.WaitOne(); Console.WriteLine(" worker thread reactivated, now exiting..."); } static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread..."); Thread t = new Thread(DoWork); t.Start(); Console.WriteLine("main thrad sleeping for 1 second..."); Thread.Sleep(1000); Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread..."); mEvent.Set(); } } }
這時(shí)代碼是不是清爽多了,這里其實(shí)你還會(huì)看到,把上面的AutoResetEvent換成ManualResetEvent也是沒有問題的,那么它兩之間的區(qū)別是什么呢?個(gè)人認(rèn)為它們最大的區(qū)別在于,無論何時(shí),只要 AutoResetEvent 激活線程,它的狀態(tài)將自動(dòng)從終止變?yōu)榉墙K止。相反,ManualResetEvent 允許它的終止?fàn)顟B(tài)激活任意多個(gè)線程,只有當(dāng)它的 Reset 方法被調(diào)用時(shí)才還原到非終止?fàn)顟B(tài)。開下面的代碼:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Threading; namespace AutoResetEventTest { class Class3 { static AutoResetEvent mEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); //static ManualResetEvent mEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); static void DoWork() { Console.WriteLine(" worker thread started, now waiting on event..."); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { mEvent.WaitOne(); //mEvent.Reset(); Console.WriteLine(" worker thread reactivated, now exiting..."); } } static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("main thread starting worker thread..."); Thread t = new Thread(DoWork); t.Start(); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { Thread.Sleep(1000); Console.WriteLine("main thread signaling worker thread..."); mEvent.Set(); } } } }
如果你想僅僅把AutoResetEvent換成ManualResetEvent的話,你發(fā)現(xiàn)輸出就會(huì)亂套了,為什么呢?
假如有autoevent.WaitOne()和manualevent.WaitOne(),當(dāng)線程得到信號(hào)后都得以繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。差別就在調(diào)用后,autoevent.WaitOne()每次只允許一個(gè)線程進(jìn)入,當(dāng)某個(gè)線程得到信號(hào)(也就是有其他線程調(diào)用了autoevent.Set()方法后)后,autoevent會(huì)自動(dòng)又將信號(hào)置為不發(fā)送狀態(tài),則其他調(diào)用WaitOne的線程只有繼續(xù)等待,也就是說,autoevent一次只喚醒一個(gè)線程。而manualevent則可以喚醒多個(gè)線程,當(dāng)某個(gè)線程調(diào)用了set方法后,其他調(diào)用waitone的線程獲得信號(hào)得以繼續(xù)執(zhí)行,而manualevent不會(huì)自動(dòng)將信號(hào)置為不發(fā)送,也就是說,除非手工調(diào)用了manualevent.Reset()方法,否則manualevent將一直保持有信號(hào)狀態(tài),manualevent也就可以同時(shí)喚醒多個(gè)線程繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。
在上面代碼中,如果將AutoResetEvent換成ManualResetEvent的話,只要要在waitone后面做下reset,就會(huì)達(dá)到同樣的效果。
之后咱們?cè)賮韨€(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Threading; namespace AutoResetEventTest { class Class4 { public static AutoResetEvent mEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); public static void trmain() { Thread tr = Thread.CurrentThread; Console.WriteLine("thread: waiting for an event"); mEvent.WaitOne(); Console.WriteLine("thread: got an event"); for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) { Thread.Sleep(1000); Console.WriteLine(tr.Name + ": " + x); } } static void Main(string[] args) { Thread thrd1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(trmain)); thrd1.Name = "thread1"; thrd1.Start(); for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) { Thread.Sleep(900); Console.WriteLine("Main:" + x); if (5 == x) mEvent.Set(); } while (thrd1.IsAlive) { Thread.Sleep(1000); Console.WriteLine("Main: waiting for thread to stop"); } } } }
是不是更有感覺了?之后咱來看看另外幾個(gè)東東:
System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne 使線程一直等待,直到單個(gè)事件變?yōu)榻K止?fàn)顟B(tài);
System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAny 阻止線程,直到一個(gè)或多個(gè)指示的事件變?yōu)榻K止?fàn)顟B(tài);
System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitAll 阻止線程,直到所有指示的事件都變?yōu)榻K止?fàn)顟B(tài)。
然后再來個(gè)例子,以WaitAll使用為例:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Threading; namespace AutoResetEventTest { class other { static void Main(string[] args) { Random randomGenerator = new Random(); AutoResetEvent[] resets=new AutoResetEvent[5]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { resets[i] = new AutoResetEvent(false); int wTime = randomGenerator.Next(10)+1; worker w = new worker(wTime, resets[i]); Thread thrd1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(w.work)); thrd1.Start(); } WaitHandle.WaitAll(resets); Console.WriteLine("ALL worker done - main exiting."); } } public class worker { public string name; public int wTime; public AutoResetEvent mEvent; public worker(int w, AutoResetEvent m) { name = w.ToString(); wTime = w * 1000; mEvent = m; } public void work() { Console.WriteLine(name + " worker thread waiting for " + wTime + "...."); Thread.Sleep(wTime); Console.WriteLine(name + " worker thread back..."); mEvent.Set(); } } }
簡(jiǎn)單來說就是,開了5個(gè)線程,每個(gè)線程隨機(jī)休眠若干秒,都完成后通知主線程退出,這里就開了一個(gè)AutoResetEvent數(shù)組,主線程就WaitHandle.WaitAll(resets) ,子線程休眠完后就Set1個(gè)AutoResetEvent,最后都Set完后,主線程就會(huì)往下執(zhí)行。最后最后再來個(gè)買書付款取貨的例子,加深理解:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Threading; namespace AutoResetEventTest { class Program { const int numIterations = 10; static AutoResetEvent myResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); static AutoResetEvent ChangeEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); //static ManualResetEvent myResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); //static ManualResetEvent ChangeEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); static int number; //這是關(guān)鍵資源 static void Main() { Thread payMoneyThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(PayMoneyProc)); payMoneyThread.Name = "付錢線程"; Thread getBookThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(GetBookProc)); getBookThread.Name = "取書線程"; payMoneyThread.Start(); getBookThread.Start(); for (int i = 1; i <= numIterations; i++) { Console.WriteLine("買書線程:數(shù)量{0}", i); number = i; //Signal that a value has been written. myResetEvent.Set(); //ChangeEvent.Set(); Thread.Sleep(10); } payMoneyThread.Abort(); getBookThread.Abort(); } static void PayMoneyProc() { while (true) { myResetEvent.WaitOne(); //myResetEvent.Reset(); Console.WriteLine("{0}:數(shù)量{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, number); ChangeEvent.Set(); } } static void GetBookProc() { while (true) { ChangeEvent.WaitOne(); //ChangeEvent.Reset(); Console.WriteLine("{0}:數(shù)量{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, number); Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------"); //Thread.Sleep(0); } } } }
以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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