詳解iOS多線程之2.NSThread的加鎖@synchronized

更新時間：2016年11月07日 08:32:39 作者：豆丶漿油條

這篇文章主要介紹了詳解iOS多線程之2.NSThread的加鎖@synchronized,有需要的小伙伴可以參考下。

那什么時候需要加鎖呢，就是當多條線程同時操作一個變量時，就需要加鎖了。

上代碼

聲明變量

@interface ViewController ()
@property (strong, nonatomic)NSThread *thread1;
@property (strong, nonatomic)NSThread *thread2;
@property (strong, nonatomic)NSThread *thread3;
@property (assign, nonatomic)int leftTickets;
@end

實現(xiàn)代碼

- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];
  
  self.thread1 = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];
  self.thread2 = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];
  self.thread3 = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];
  self.thread1.name = @"thread1";
  self.thread2.name = @"thread2";
  self.thread3.name = @"thread3";
  // 總票數(shù)
  self.leftTickets = 10;
}
// 點擊屏幕開啟線程
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
  [self.thread1 start];
  [self.thread2 start];
  [self.thread3 start];
}
- (void)sellTickets {
  while (1) {
    @synchronized (self) {
      if (self.leftTickets > 0) {
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.2];
        int count = self.leftTickets;
        self.leftTickets = count - 1;
        NSLog(@"剩余的票數(shù)%d",self.leftTickets);
        NSLog(@"當前線程=%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
      }else {
        NSLog(@"票賣完了");
        NSLog(@"退出線程%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        [NSThread exit];
      }
    }
  }
}

打印日志

2016-11-04 11:52:25.117 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 剩余的票數(shù)9
2016-11-04 11:52:25.117 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000073880>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 11:52:25.393 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 剩余的票數(shù)8
2016-11-04 11:52:25.393 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074540>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 11:52:25.661 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 剩余的票數(shù)7
2016-11-04 11:52:25.661 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074580>{number = 5, name = thread3}
2016-11-04 11:52:25.932 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 剩余的票數(shù)6
2016-11-04 11:52:25.933 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000073880>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 11:52:26.164 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 剩余的票數(shù)5
2016-11-04 11:52:26.165 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074540>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 11:52:26.438 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 剩余的票數(shù)4
2016-11-04 11:52:26.439 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074580>{number = 5, name = thread3}
2016-11-04 11:52:26.704 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 剩余的票數(shù)3
2016-11-04 11:52:26.705 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000073880>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 11:52:26.975 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 剩余的票數(shù)2
2016-11-04 11:52:26.976 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074540>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 11:52:27.232 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 剩余的票數(shù)1
2016-11-04 11:52:27.233 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074580>{number = 5, name = thread3}
2016-11-04 11:52:27.505 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 剩余的票數(shù)0
2016-11-04 11:52:27.505 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000073880>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 11:52:27.505 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 11:52:27.506 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 退出線程<NSThread: x608000074540>{number = 4, name = thread2}

我們一般用@synchronized來給線程加鎖。它有什么用呢：

（1）堵塞所在線程，線程里面剩下的任務只有當@synchronized里面的代碼執(zhí)行完畢才能繼續(xù)往下執(zhí)行，和隊列的同步差不多是一個意思。

（2）當執(zhí)行@synchronized里面的代碼之前，所在線程要先檢查是否有其他的線程執(zhí)行里面的代碼。如果沒有，才繼續(xù)往下執(zhí)行。

再看打印日志里面最后一條，說明了只有線程“thread3”退出了，其他的線程沒有退出。

我上篇文章講，不用管線程的退出，任務執(zhí)行完線程會自動退出。但是這是一個while循環(huán)?。∪绻煌顺鼍€程，線程會一直執(zhí)行。

- (void)sellTickets {
  while (1) {
    @synchronized (self) {
      if (self.leftTickets > 0) {
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.2];
        int count = self.leftTickets;
        self.leftTickets = count - 1;
        NSLog(@"剩余的票數(shù)%d",self.leftTickets);
        NSLog(@"當前線程=%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
      }else {
        NSLog(@"票賣完了");
        NSLog(@"退出線程%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        // 不讓線程退出
        //[NSThread exit];
      }
    }
  }
}

打印的日志

2016-11-04 12:01:53.309 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78974] 當前線程=<NSThread: x600000076f40>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 12:01:53.556 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78973] 剩余的票數(shù)0
2016-11-04 12:01:53.556 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78973] 當前線程=<NSThread: x600000076fc0>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 12:01:53.556 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78975] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 12:01:53.557 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78975] 退出線程<NSThread: x600000077240>{number = 5, name = thread3}
2016-11-04 12:01:53.558 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78974] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 12:01:53.559 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78974] 退出線程<NSThread: x600000076f40>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 12:01:53.560 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78973] 票賣完了

那又為什么只有線程thread2退出呢？（注：每次退出的線程是不確定的）因為當線程thread2退出了，并沒有執(zhí)行完@synchronized里的方法，線程thread1和線程thread3還在等thread2執(zhí)行完了，它們好去執(zhí)行呢。但是線程thread2已經(jīng)死了，不可能再執(zhí)行了。這就造成線程thread1和線程thread3一直都在內(nèi)存里，沒有被退出，造成了CPU不必要的開銷，所以我們最好不要在@synchronized里面退出線程。

- (void)sellTickets {
  while (1) {
    @synchronized (self) {
      if (self.leftTickets > 0) {
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.2];
        int count = self.leftTickets;
        self.leftTickets = count - 1;
        NSLog(@"剩余的票數(shù)%d",self.leftTickets);
        NSLog(@"當前線程=%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
      }
    }
    if (self.leftTickets == 0) {
      NSLog(@"票賣完了");
      NSLog(@"退出線程%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
      [NSThread exit];
    }
  }
}

2016-11-04 12:06:51.795 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81206] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 12:06:51.795 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81207] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 12:06:51.795 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81208] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 12:06:51.796 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81206] 退出線程<NSThread: x60000026a3c0>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 12:06:51.796 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81207] 退出線程<NSThread: x60000026a380>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 12:06:51.796 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81208] 退出線程<NSThread: x60000026a740>{number = 5, name = thread3}

這就是NSThread加鎖以及加鎖的一些注意事項。如果感覺對你有用，記得關(guān)注啊，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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