java發(fā)送HttpClient請(qǐng)求及接收請(qǐng)求結(jié)果過(guò)程的簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)例
更新時(shí)間：2016年11月06日 12:32:05 投稿：jingxian
下面小編就為大家?guī)?lái)一篇java發(fā)送HttpClient請(qǐng)求及接收請(qǐng)求結(jié)果過(guò)程的簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)例。小編覺(jué)得挺不錯(cuò)的，現(xiàn)在就分享給大家，也給大家做個(gè)參考。一起跟隨小編過(guò)來(lái)看看吧
一.
1、寫一個(gè)HttpRequestUtils工具類，包括post請(qǐng)求和get請(qǐng)求
package com.brainlong.framework.util.httpclient;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.IOException;import java.net.URLDecoder; public class HttpRequestUtils {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpRequestUtils.class);
//日志記錄 /** * httpPost * @param url 路徑 * @param jsonParam 參數(shù) * @return */
public static JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam){
return httpPost(url, jsonParam, false);
}
/** * post請(qǐng)求 * @param url url地址 * @param jsonParam 參數(shù) * @param noNeedResponse 不需要返回結(jié)果 * @return */
public static JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam, boolean noNeedResponse){
//post請(qǐng)求返回結(jié)果
DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
JSONObject jsonResult = null;
HttpPost method = new HttpPost(url);
try {
if (null != jsonParam) {
//解決中文亂碼問(wèn)題
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(), "utf-8");
entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
entity.setContentType("application/json");
method.setEntity(entity); }
HttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(method);
url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");
/**請(qǐng)求發(fā)送成功，并得到響應(yīng)**/
if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
String str = "";
try {
/**讀取服務(wù)器返回過(guò)來(lái)的json字符串?dāng)?shù)據(jù)**/
str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity());
if (noNeedResponse) {
return null;
}
/**把json字符串轉(zhuǎn)換成json對(duì)象**/
jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(str);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("post請(qǐng)求提交失敗:" + url, e);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("post請(qǐng)求提交失敗:" + url, e);
}
return jsonResult;
}
/** * 發(fā)送get請(qǐng)求 * @param url 路徑 * @return */
public static JSONObject httpGet(String url){
//get請(qǐng)求返回結(jié)果
JSONObject jsonResult = null;
try {
DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
//發(fā)送get請(qǐng)求
HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
/**請(qǐng)求發(fā)送成功，并得到響應(yīng)**/
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
/**讀取服務(wù)器返回過(guò)來(lái)的json字符串?dāng)?shù)據(jù)**/
String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
/**把json字符串轉(zhuǎn)換成json對(duì)象**/
jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(strResult);
url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");
} else {
logger.error("get請(qǐng)求提交失敗:" + url);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("get請(qǐng)求提交失敗:" + url, e);
}
return jsonResult; }}
2、寫業(yè)務(wù)代碼發(fā)送Http請(qǐng)求
3、MVC配置文件設(shè)置Controller掃描目錄
<!-- 自動(dòng)掃描且只掃描@Controller --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.wiselong.multichannel" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan>
4、接收Http請(qǐng)求
接收post請(qǐng)求
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/api/platform/exceptioncenter/exceptioninfo")
public class ExceptionInfoController {
//注入
@Autowired
private ExceptionInfoBiz exceptionInfoBiz;
/**
* 創(chuàng)建異常信息請(qǐng)求
* @param requestBody 請(qǐng)求消息內(nèi)容
* @param request 請(qǐng)求消息頭
* @return jsonObject
*/
@RequestMapping(
value="/create",
method = RequestMethod.POST
)
public ModelAndView createExceptionInfo(@RequestBody String requestBody, HttpServletRequest request) {
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(requestBody);
ComExceptionInfo comExceptionInfo = new ComExceptionInfo();
comExceptionInfo.setProjectName(jsonObject.getString("projectName"));
comExceptionInfo.setTagName(jsonObject.getString("tagName"));
exceptionInfoBiz.insert(comExceptionInfo);
//返回請(qǐng)求結(jié)果
JSONObject result= new JSONObject();
result.put("success", "true");
return new ModelAndView("", ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonSuccess(result.toString()));
}
}
接收get請(qǐng)求
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/api/platform/messagecenter/messages/sms")
public class SmsController {
@Autowired
SmsSendBiz smsSendBiz;
/**
* 接收手機(jī)號(hào)碼和內(nèi)容往短信發(fā)送表插入一條記錄
* @param requestbody 請(qǐng)求消息內(nèi)容
* @param request 請(qǐng)求消息頭
* @return jsonObject
*/
@RequestMapping(
value="/send",
method= RequestMethod.GET
)
public ModelAndView sendSms(@RequestBody String requestbody, HttpServletRequest request) {
//獲取請(qǐng)求URL及url后面?zhèn)鬏數(shù)膮?shù)
String url = request.getRequestURL() + "?" + request.getQueryString();
url = BuildRequestUrl.decodeUrl(url);
String telePhone = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request, "telePhone");
String content = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request, "content");
smsSendBiz.insertTtMsQuequ(telePhone,content);
return new ModelAndView("", ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonResult("", true));
}
}
二.
get
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
public class H_client_get {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// new類對(duì)象
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
// 使用 GET 方法 與URL服務(wù)器進(jìn)行交互
// HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/regist.php?email=admin@admin.com&password=1234567&re_password=1234567&username=admin&nickname=管理員");
HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/login.php?username=");
// 使用 GET 方法 ，實(shí)行與url服務(wù)器連接
client.executeMethod(method);
// 數(shù)據(jù)流輸出
// method.getResponseBodyAsStream 創(chuàng)建字節(jié)流對(duì)象為inputStream
InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream();
// InputStreamReader(inputStream)字節(jié)流轉(zhuǎn)換成字符流 BufferedReader封裝成帶有緩沖的字符流對(duì)象了
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8"));
// StringBuffer是字符串變量，它的對(duì)象是可以擴(kuò)充和修改的 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)空的StringBuffer類的對(duì)象
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
// 定義字符串常量
String str= "";
// br字符流賦值給str字符串常量 str不等于空 按行輸出
while((str = br.readLine()) != null){
// StringBuffer 是字符串變量，它的對(duì)象是可以擴(kuò)充和修改的 將str數(shù)據(jù)賦予 stringBuffer
stringBuffer .append(str );
}
// 按照字符串循環(huán)輸出stringBuffer
System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());
// 關(guān)閉method 的 httpclient連接
method.releaseConnection();
}
}
post
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
public class H_client_post {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
PostMethod method = new PostMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/login_post.php");
//表單域的值,既post傳入的key=value
NameValuePair[] date = { new NameValuePair("username","admin"),new NameValuePair("password","123457")};
//method使用表單閾值
method.setRequestBody(date);
//提交表單
client.executeMethod(method);
//字符流轉(zhuǎn)字節(jié)流 循環(huán)輸出，同get解釋
InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8"));
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
String str= "";
while((str = br.readLine()) != null){
stringBuffer .append(str );
}
System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());
method.releaseConnection();
}
}
三.
Http協(xié)議的重要性相信不用我多說(shuō)了，HttpClient相比傳統(tǒng)JDK自帶的URLConnection，增加了易用性和靈活性（具體區(qū)別，日后我們?cè)儆懻摚?，它不僅是客戶端發(fā)送Http請(qǐng)求變得容易，而且也方便了開(kāi)發(fā)人員測(cè)試接口（基于Http協(xié)議的），即提高了開(kāi)發(fā)的效率，也方便提高代碼的健壯性。因此熟練掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修內(nèi)容，掌握HttpClient后，相信對(duì)于Http協(xié)議的了解會(huì)更加深入。
一、簡(jiǎn)介
HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子項(xiàng)目，用來(lái)提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持HTTP協(xié)議的客戶端編程工具包，并且它支持HTTP協(xié)議最新的版本和建議。HttpClient已經(jīng)應(yīng)用在很多的項(xiàng)目中，比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外兩個(gè)開(kāi)源項(xiàng)目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。
二、特性
1. 基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、純凈的java語(yǔ)言。實(shí)現(xiàn)了Http1.0和Http1.1
2. 以可擴(kuò)展的面向?qū)ο蟮慕Y(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)了Http全部的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）。
3. 支持HTTPS協(xié)議。
4. 通過(guò)Http代理建立透明的連接。
5. 利用CONNECT方法通過(guò)Http代理建立隧道的https連接。
6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos認(rèn)證方案。
7. 插件式的自定義認(rèn)證方案。
8. 便攜可靠的套接字工廠使它更容易的使用第三方解決方案。
9. 連接管理器支持多線程應(yīng)用。支持設(shè)置最大連接數(shù)，同時(shí)支持設(shè)置每個(gè)主機(jī)的最大連接數(shù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)并關(guān)閉過(guò)期的連接。
10. 自動(dòng)處理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
11. 插件式的自定義Cookie策略。
12. Request的輸出流可以避免流中內(nèi)容直接緩沖到socket服務(wù)器。
13. Response的輸入流可以有效的從socket服務(wù)器直接讀取相應(yīng)內(nèi)容。
14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久連接。
15. 直接獲取服務(wù)器發(fā)送的response code和 headers。
16. 設(shè)置連接超時(shí)的能力。
17. 實(shí)驗(yàn)性的支持http1.1 response caching。
18. 源代碼基于Apache License 可免費(fèi)獲取。
三、使用方法
使用HttpClient發(fā)送請(qǐng)求、接收響應(yīng)很簡(jiǎn)單，一般需要如下幾步即可。
1. 創(chuàng)建HttpClient對(duì)象。
2. 創(chuàng)建請(qǐng)求方法的實(shí)例，并指定請(qǐng)求URL。如果需要發(fā)送GET請(qǐng)求，創(chuàng)建HttpGet對(duì)象；如果需要發(fā)送POST請(qǐng)求，創(chuàng)建HttpPost對(duì)象。
3. 如果需要發(fā)送請(qǐng)求參數(shù)，可調(diào)用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法來(lái)添加請(qǐng)求參數(shù)；對(duì)于HttpPost對(duì)象而言，也可調(diào)用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來(lái)設(shè)置請(qǐng)求參數(shù)。
4. 調(diào)用HttpClient對(duì)象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發(fā)送請(qǐng)求，該方法返回一個(gè)HttpResponse。
5. 調(diào)用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務(wù)器的響應(yīng)頭；調(diào)用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對(duì)象，該對(duì)象包裝了服務(wù)器的響應(yīng)內(nèi)容。程序可通過(guò)該對(duì)象獲取服務(wù)器的響應(yīng)內(nèi)容。
6. 釋放連接。無(wú)論執(zhí)行方法是否成功，都必須釋放連接
四、實(shí)例
package com.test;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
public class HttpClientTest {
@Test
public void jUnitTest() {
get();
}
/**
* HttpClient連接SSL
*/
public void ssl() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
try {
KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
try { 54.
// 加載keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore
trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());
} catch (CertificateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
instream.close();
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
}
// 相信自己的CA和所有自簽名的證書(shū)
SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
// 只允許使用TLSv1協(xié)議
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,
SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
// 創(chuàng)建http請(qǐng)求(get方式)
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (httpclient != null) {
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
* post方式提交表單（模擬用戶登錄請(qǐng)求）
*/
public void postForm() {
// 創(chuàng)建默認(rèn)的httpClient實(shí)例.
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 創(chuàng)建httppost
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
// 創(chuàng)建參數(shù)隊(duì)列
List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
try {
uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關(guān)閉連接,釋放資源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 發(fā)送 post請(qǐng)求訪問(wèn)本地應(yīng)用并根據(jù)傳遞參數(shù)不同返回不同結(jié)果
*/
public void post() {
// 創(chuàng)建默認(rèn)的httpClient實(shí)例.
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 創(chuàng)建httppost
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
// 創(chuàng)建參數(shù)隊(duì)列
List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
try {
uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關(guān)閉連接,釋放資源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 發(fā)送 get請(qǐng)求
*/
public void get() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
// 創(chuàng)建httpget.
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
// 執(zhí)行g(shù)et請(qǐng)求.
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
// 獲取響應(yīng)實(shí)體
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
// 打印響應(yīng)狀態(tài)
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
if (entity != null) {
// 打印響應(yīng)內(nèi)容長(zhǎng)度
System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
// 打印響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
}
System.out.println("------------------------------------");
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關(guān)閉連接,釋放資源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 上傳文件
*/
public void upload() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");
FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();
httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if (resEntity != null) {
System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());
}
EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}</namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair>
以上這篇java發(fā)送HttpClient請(qǐng)求及接收請(qǐng)求結(jié)果過(guò)程的簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)例就是小編分享給大家的全部?jī)?nèi)容了，希望能給大家一個(gè)參考，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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