import time

# time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=24, 
          tm_hour=14, tm_min=17, tm_sec=26, 
          tm_wday=4, tm_yday=114, tm_isdst=0)
# 2015
print time.localtime()
print time.localtime().tm_year

函數(shù)

time.time(): 返回一個時間戳
time.asctime([t]): 轉(zhuǎn)換gmtime()和localtime()返回的元組或struct_time為string.
time.clock(): 在第一次調(diào)用的時候, 返回程序運行的時間. 第二次之后返回與之前的間隔.
time.ctime([secs]): 將時間戳轉(zhuǎn)換為時間字符串, 如沒有提供則返回當前的時間字符串,并與asctime(localtime())一樣.
time.gmtime([secs]): 將時間戳轉(zhuǎn)化為, UTC 時區(qū)的struct_time.
time.localtime([secs]): 類似gmtime()但會把他轉(zhuǎn)換成本地時區(qū).
time.mktime(t): struct_time 轉(zhuǎn)化為時間戳.
time.sleep(secs): 線程推遲指定時間, 以秒為單位.
time.strftime(format[,t]): 根據(jù)參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換一個sturc_time或元組為字符串.
time.strptime(string[, format]): 與strftime相反,返回一個struct_time.

import time

# Fri Apr 24 06:39:34 2015
print time.asctime(time.gmtime())

# 0.0
# None
# 1.01136392961 因計算機而異
print time.clock()
print time.sleep(1)
print time.clock()

# Fri Apr 24 14:42:07 2015
print time.ctime()

# 2015-04-24
print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime())
# 1429857836.0
print time.mktime(time.localtime())

time模塊中常用的格式化字符串

%y 兩位數(shù)的年份 00 ~ 99.
%Y 四位數(shù)的年份 0000 ~ 9999
%m 月份 01 ~ 12.
%d day 01 ~ 31.
%H 時 00 ~ 23.
%I 時 01 ~ 12.
%M 分 00 ~ 59.
%S 秒 00 ~ 61.

datetime模塊
datetime模塊提供對于日期和時間進行簡單或復雜的操作. datetime 模塊提供了一下的可用類型(Available Types).

datetime.MINYEAR 和 datetime.MAXYEAR 模塊常量表示datetime接受的范圍

class datetime.date: 一個理想化的日期, 提供year, month, day屬性
class datetime.time: 一個理想化的時間, 提供hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo.
class datetime.datetime: 日期和時間的組合.提供year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo.
class datetime.timedelta: 表達兩個date,time和datetime持續(xù)時間內(nèi)的微妙差異.
class datetime.tzinfo: 時間對象的抽象基類.

from datetime import timedelta, datetime

a = datetime.now()
b = timedelta(days=7)

# 7 days, 0:00:00
# 2015-04-14 16:02:39.189000
print b
print a - b

下面說具體說一下類和類的方法

date類

一個date對象代表理想化的日期.

  class datetime.date(year, month, day)
    # All arguments are required. Arguments may be ints or longs.
    # 所有參數(shù)都是必須的. 參數(shù)可能是 int 或 long.
    MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR
    1<= month <= 12
    1<= day <= number of days in the given month and year.(隨著月份和年份)

如果參數(shù)脫離給的范圍會拋出, valueError.

1.類方法 >`date.today()`:返回當前的本地日期, 這等價于 `date.fromtimestamp(time.time())`.
Return the current local date. This is equvalent to `date.fromtimestamp(time.time())`.

  from datetime import date

  # print 2015-04-21
  print date.today()

2.date.fromtimestamp(timestamp):根據(jù)提供的時間戳返回local date. 時間戳常用于對時間類型的存儲.

import time
from datetime import date

# 1429587111.21
# 2015-04-21
print time.time()
print date.fromtimestamp(time.time())

3.類方法date.fromordinal(ordinal):根據(jù)提供的Gregorian日歷返回date.(不做描述)

類屬性

date.min: 返回 date(MINYEAR, 1, 1).
date.max: 返回 date(MAXYEAR, 12, 31).
date.year: 返回年, MINYEAR和MAXYEAR之間
date.month: 返回月, 1到12月之間
date.day: 返回 1到 n 之間.

d = date(2014, 4, 21)
# 2014 4 21
print d.year, d.month, d.day

實例方法

date.replace(year, month, day):返回一個相同值的data對象, 除了這些參數(shù)給關鍵字指定新的值.
date.timetuple(): 返回一個time.struct_time對象.
date.toordinal(): 返回一個Gregoian Calendar對象.
date.weekday(): 返回day of the week. 星期一為0,星期日為6.
date.isoweekday(): 返回day of the week. 星期一為1,星期日為7.
date.isocalendar(): 返回一個三元組, (ISO year, ISO week number, ISO weekday).
date.isoformat(): 返回一個'YYYY-MM-DD'的字符串格式.
date.ctime(): 返回一個字符串日期, d.ctime() 等同于 time.ctime(time.mktime(d.timetuple())).
date.strftime(format): 返回一個字符串日期, 格式自定義.

d = date(2015, 4, 21)

# 2015-04-21
# 2015-04-21
# 2015-04-22
print d
print d.replace()
print d.replace(day=22)

# time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=21, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=111, tm_isdst=-1)
print d.timetuple()

# print 1
# print 2
print d.weekday()
print d.isoweekday()

# print 2015-04-21
print d.isoformat()

# print 21/04/2015
print d.strftime('%d/%m/%y')

datetime 類

datetime 對象是一個單一的對象, 包含所有date和time對象的信息.

class datetime.datetime(year, month, day[, hour
                    [, minute
                    [, second
                    [, microsecond
                    [, tzinfo]]]]])
  # The year, month and day arguments are required.
  MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR
  1 <= month <= 12
  1 <= day <= n
  0 <= hour < 24
  0 <= minute < 60
  0 <= second < 60
  0 <= microsecond < 10**6

類方法

datetime.today(): 返回當前本地datetime.隨著 tzinfo None. 這個等同于datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()).
datetime.now([tz]): 返回當前本地日期和時間, 如果可選參數(shù)tz為None或沒有詳細說明,這個方法會像today().
datetime.utcnow(): 返回當前的UTC日期和時間, 如果tzinfo None ,那么與now()類似.
datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp[, tz]): 根據(jù)時間戳返回本地的日期和時間.tz指定時區(qū).
datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp): 根據(jù)時間戳返回 UTC datetime.
datetime.fromordinal(ordinal): 根據(jù)Gregorian ordinal 返回datetime.
datetime.combine(date, time): 根據(jù)date和time返回一個新的datetime.
datetime.strptime(date_string, format): 根據(jù)date_string和format返回一個datetime.

from datetime import datetime

# 2015-04-21 14:07:39.262000
print datetime.today()

# 2015-04-21 14:08:20.362000
print datetime.now()

# 1429596607.06
# 2015-04-21 14:10:07.061000
t = time.time() 
print t
print datetime.fromtimestamp(t)

from datetime import datetime, date, time

a = date(2015, 4, 21)
b = time(14, 13, 34)

# 2015-04-21 14:13:34
print datetime.combine(a, b)

實例方法

datetime.date(): 返回相同年月日的date對象.
datetime.time(): 返回相同時分秒微秒的time對象.
datetime.replace(kw): kw in [year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo], 與date類似.

其他方法可查看官方文檔…

from datetime import datetime, date, time

td = date(2015, 4, 21)
n = time(14, 28, 30)

# 2099-04-21 14:30:42.103000
print datetime.now(0.replace(year=2099)

類屬性

datetime.min: datetime(MINYEAR, 1, 1).
datetime.max: datetime(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999).

實例屬性(read-only)

datetime.year: 1 至 9999
datetime.month: 1 至 12
datetime.day: 1 至 n
datetime.hour: In range(24). 0 至 23
datetime.minute: In range(60).
datetime.second: In range(60).
datetime.microsecond: In range(1000000).

time類

time 代表本地(一天內(nèi))時間.

class datetime.time([hour
          [, minute
          [, second 
          [, microsecond
          [, tzinfo]]]]])
  # All arguments are optional.
  # 所有參數(shù)都是可選的.
  0 <= hour < 24
  0 <= minute < 60
  0 <= second < 60
  0 <= microsesond < 10**6

time類就是對時間的一些操作,其功能類似與datetime.其實date和time就是對datetime中日期和時間的操作.

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