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Mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之索引優(yōu)化

更新時(shí)間：2016年03月31日 11:03:44 作者：鯤鵬之翅

MySQL憑借著出色的性能、低廉的成本、豐富的資源，已經(jīng)成為絕大多數(shù)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的首選關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。本文給大家介紹mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之索引優(yōu)化，感興趣的朋友一起學(xué)習(xí)吧

MySQL憑借著出色的性能、低廉的成本、豐富的資源，已經(jīng)成為絕大多數(shù)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的首選關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。雖然性能出色，但所謂“好馬配好鞍”，如何能夠更好的使用它，已經(jīng)成為開(kāi)發(fā)工程師的必修課，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)從職位描述上看到諸如“精通MySQL”、“SQL語(yǔ)句優(yōu)化”、“了解數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)原理”等要求。我們知道一般的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)，讀寫(xiě)比例在10:1左右，而且插入操作和一般的更新操作很少出現(xiàn)性能問(wèn)題，遇到最多的，也是最容易出問(wèn)題的，還是一些復(fù)雜的查詢操作，所以查詢語(yǔ)句的優(yōu)化顯然是重中之重。

問(wèn)題：cpu負(fù)載過(guò)高，達(dá)到36。

現(xiàn)象：通過(guò)mysqladmin -uroot -p processlist 查看到大量如下信息：

Sending data select * from `rep_corp_vehicle_online_count` where corp_id = 48 and vehicle_id = 10017543

根據(jù)以上的可能是表rep_corp_vehicle_online_count的問(wèn)題做出如下測(cè)試：

查看表結(jié)構(gòu)：

mysql> desc rep_corp_vehicle_online_count;
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| corp_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| vehicle_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| online_day | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| loc_total | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| create_time | datetime | NO | | NULL | |
| update_time | datetime | NO | | NULL | |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看索引，只有主鍵索引：

mysql> show index from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count;
+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 1247259 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

代碼執(zhí)行情況：

mysql>explain select * from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count where corp_id = 79 and vehicle_id = 10016911 and online_day = '2016-03-29'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: rep_corp_vehicle_online_count
type: ALL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: 1248495
Extra: Using where
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

表數(shù)據(jù)分析情況，重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)很多：

mysql> select count(distinct corp_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count;
+-------------------------+
| count(distinct corp_id) |
+-------------------------+
| 18 |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.63 sec)
mysql> select count(corp_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; 
+----------------+
| count(corp_id) |
+----------------+
| 1239573 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select count(distinct vehicle_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; 
+----------------------------+
| count(distinct vehicle_id) |
+----------------------------+
| 2580 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (1.03 sec)
mysql>explain select count(vehicle_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; 
+-------------------+
| count(vehicle_id) |
+-------------------+
| 1239911 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

最后處理，創(chuàng)建索引：

mysql> create index r_c_v on rep_corp_vehicle_online_count(corp_id,vehicle_id); 
Query OK, 1487993 rows affected (6.09 sec)
Records: 1487993 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show index from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count;
+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 1490176 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 1 | r_c_v | 1 | corp_id | A | 18 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 1 | r_c_v | 2 | vehicle_id | A | 2596 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
+-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

添加索引過(guò)后負(fù)載降低到了1.73：