詳解Java圖形化編程中的鼠標(biāo)事件設(shè)計
鼠標(biāo)事件的事件源往往與容器相關(guān),當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入容器、離開容器,或者在容器中單擊鼠標(biāo)、拖動鼠標(biāo)時都會發(fā)生鼠標(biāo)事件。java語言為處理鼠標(biāo)事件提供兩個接口:MouseListener,MouseMotionListener接口。
MouseListener接口
MouseListener接口能處理5種鼠標(biāo)事件:按下鼠標(biāo),釋放鼠標(biāo),點擊鼠標(biāo)、鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入、鼠標(biāo)退出。相應(yīng)的方法有:
(1) getX():鼠標(biāo)的X坐標(biāo)
(2) getY():鼠標(biāo)的Y坐標(biāo)
(3) getModifiers():獲取鼠標(biāo)的左鍵或右鍵。
(4) getClickCount():鼠標(biāo)被點擊的次數(shù)。
(5) getSource():獲取發(fā)生鼠標(biāo)的事件源。
(6) addMouseListener(監(jiān)視器):加放監(jiān)視器。
(7) removeMouseListener(監(jiān)視器):移去監(jiān)視器。
要實現(xiàn)的MouseListener接口的方法有:
(1) mousePressed(MouseEvent e);
(2) mouseReleased(MouseEvent e);
(3) mouseEntered(MouseEvent e);
(4) mouseExited(MouseEvent e);
(5) mouseClicked(MouseEvent e);
【例】小應(yīng)用程序設(shè)置了一個文本區(qū),用于記錄一系列鼠標(biāo)事件。當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入小應(yīng)用程序窗口時,文本區(qū)顯示“鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)來”;當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)離開 窗口時,文本區(qū)顯示“鼠標(biāo)走開”;當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)被按下時,文本區(qū)顯示“鼠標(biāo)按下”,當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)被雙擊時,文本區(qū)顯示“鼠標(biāo)雙擊”;并顯示鼠標(biāo)的坐標(biāo)。程序還顯示一個紅色的圓,當(dāng)點擊鼠標(biāo)時,圓的半徑會不斷地變大。
import java.applet.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; class MyPanel extends JPanel{ public void print(int r){ Graphics g = getGraphics(); g.clearRect(0,0,this.getWidth(),this.getHeight()); g.setColor(Color.red); g.fillOval(10,10,r,r); } } class MyWindow extends JFrame implements MouseListener{ JTextArea text; MyPanel panel; int x,y,r =10; int mouseFlg=0; static String mouseStates[]={"鼠標(biāo)鍵按下","鼠標(biāo)松開","鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)來","鼠標(biāo)走開","鼠標(biāo)雙擊"}; MyWindow(String s){ super(s); Container con = this.getContentPane(); con.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1)); this.setSize(200,300); this.setLocation(100,100); panel = new MyPanel(); con.add(panel); text = new JTextArea(10,20); text.setBackground(Color.blue); con.add(text); addMouseListener(this); this.setVisible(true); this.pack(); } public void paint(Graphics g){ r = r+4; if(r>80){ r=10; } text.append(mouseStates[mouseFlg]+"了,位置是:" +x+","+y+"\n"); panel.print(r); } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); mouseFlg = 0; repaint(); } public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); mouseFlg = 1; repaint(); } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); mouseFlg = 2; repaint(); } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); mouseFlg = 3; repaint(); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){ if(e.getClickCount()==2){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); mouseFlg = 4; repaint(); } else{} } } public class Example6_8 extends Applet{ public void init(){ MyWindow myWnd = new MyWindow("鼠標(biāo)事件示意程序"); } }
任何組件上都可以發(fā)生鼠標(biāo)事件:鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入、鼠標(biāo)退出、按下鼠標(biāo)等。例如,在上述程序中添加一個按鈕,并給按鈕對象添加鼠標(biāo)監(jiān)視器,將上述程序中的init()方法修改成如下形式,即能示意按鈕上的所有鼠標(biāo)事件。
JButton button; public void init(){ button = new JButton(“按鈕也能發(fā)生鼠標(biāo)事件”); r = 10; text = new JTextArea(15,20); add(button); add(text); button.addMouseListener(this); }
如果程序希望進(jìn)一步知道按下或點擊的是鼠標(biāo)左鍵或右鍵,鼠標(biāo)的左鍵或右鍵可用InputEvent類中的常量BUTTON1_MASK和BUTTON3_MASK來判定。例如,以下表達(dá)式判斷是否按下或點擊了鼠標(biāo)右鍵:
e.getModifiers()==InputEvent. BUTTON3_MASK
MouseMotionListener接口
MouseMotionListener接口處理拖動鼠標(biāo)和鼠標(biāo)移動兩種事件。
注冊監(jiān)視器的方法是:
addMouseMotionListener(監(jiān)視器)
要實現(xiàn)的的接口方法有兩個:
(1) mouseDragged(MouseEvent e)
(2) mouseMoved(MouseEvent e)
【例】一個滾動條與顯示窗口同步變化的應(yīng)用程序。窗口有一個方塊,用鼠標(biāo)拖運方塊,或用鼠標(biāo)點擊窗口,方塊改變顯示位置,相應(yīng)水平和垂直滾動條的滑塊也會改變它們在滾動條中的位置。反之,移動滾動條的滑塊,方塊在窗口中的顯示位置也會改變。
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; class MyWindow extends JFrame{ public MyWindow(String s){ super(s); Container con = this.getContentPane(); con.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); this.setLocation(100,100); JScrollBar xAxis = new JScrollBar(JScrollBar.HORIZONTAL,50,1,0,100); jScrollBar yAxis = new jScrollBar(JScrollBar.VERTICAL,50,1,0,100); MyListener listener = new MyListener(xAxis,yAxis,238,118); Jpanel scrolledCanvas = new JPanel(); scrolledCanvas.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); scrolledCanvas.add(listener,BorderLayout.CENTER); scrolledCanvas.add(xAix,BorderLayout.SOUTH); scrolledCanvas.add(yAix,BorderLayout.EAST); con.add(scrolledCanvas,BorderLayout.NORTH); this.setVisible(true); this.pack(); } public Dimension getPreferredSize(){ return new Dimension(500,300); } } class MyListener extends JComponent implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,AdjustmentListener{ private int x,y; private JScrollBar xScrollBar; private JScrollBar yScrollBar; private void updateScrollBars(int x,int y){ int d; d = (int)(((float)x/(float)getSize().width)*100.0); xScrollBar.setValue(d); d = (int)(((float)y/(float)getSize().height)*100.0); yScrollBar.setValue(d); } public MyListener(JScrollBar xaxis,JScrollBar yaxis,int x0,int y0){ xScrollBar =xaxis; yScrollBar =yaxis; x = x0; y=y0; xScrollBar.addAdjustmentListener(this); yScrollBar.addAdjustmentListener(this); this.addMouseListener(this); this.addMouseMotionListener(this); } public void paint(Graphics g){ g.setColor(getBackground()); Dimension size = getSize(); g.fillRect(0,0,size.width,size.height); g.setColor(Color.blue); g.fillRect(x,y,50,50); } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){} public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){} public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){} public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){} public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){} public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); updateScrollBars(x,y); repaint(); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e){ x = e.getX(); y = e.getY(); updateScrollBars(x,y); repaint(); } public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e){ if(e.getSource()==xScrollBar) x=(int)((float)(xScrollBar.getValue()/100.0)*getSize().width); else if(e.getSource()==yScrollBar) y = (int)((float)(yScrollBar.getValue()/100.0)*getSize().height); repaint(); } } public class Example6_9{ public static void main(){ MyWindow myWindow = new MyWindow("滾動條示意程序"); } }
上述例子中,如果只要求通過滑動滑塊,改變內(nèi)容的顯示位置,可以簡單地使用滾動面板JScrollPane。如果是這樣,關(guān)于滾動條的創(chuàng)建和控制都可以免去,直接由JScrollPane內(nèi)部實現(xiàn)。參見以下修改后的MyWindow的定義:
class MyWindow extends JFrame{ public MyWindow(String s){ super(s); Container con = this.getContentPane(); con.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); this.setLocaltion(100,100); MyListener listener = new MyListener(); listener.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700,700)); JScrollPane scrolledCanvas = new JScrollPane(listener); this.add(scrolledCanvas,BorderLayout.CENTER); this.setVisible(true); this.pack(); } public Dimension getPreferredSize(){ return new Dimension(400,400); } }
鼠標(biāo)指針形狀也能由程序控制 ,setCursor()方法能設(shè)置鼠標(biāo)指針形狀。例如,代碼setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(cursor.WAIT_CURSOR))。
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