集群運維自動化工具ansible的安裝與使用（包括模塊與playbook使用）第1/2頁
更新時間：2014年07月14日 16:06:10 投稿：hebedich
Ansible是一款很好的基于ssh方案的，替代品，他能夠大大簡化Unix管理員的自動化配置管理與流程控制方式。它利用推送方式對客戶系統(tǒng)加以配置，這樣所有工作都可在主服務器端完成。
我使用過puppet與salt，但這2個軟件都需要安裝客戶端，并且更新很快，每次更新都是令人蛋疼的事，尤其是salt，喜歡他的命令功能，但bug太多，不敢在公司線上使用，puppet雖然穩(wěn)定，但弄命令執(zhí)行的時候，需要mco配置，非常麻煩，我公司由于跟多家公司合作，很多業(yè)務沒辦法安裝客戶端，所以沒辦法使用puppet與salt(雖然salt有ssh，但不太好使），最后找到了ansible，他既有命令執(zhí)行也有配置管理，關鍵開發(fā)它的語言是python，paramiko進行ssh連接,跟我之前開發(fā)的自動管理軟件都是使用paramiko進行操作，不需要安裝客戶端，滿足我的需求，下面給大家介紹一下我是如何使用的。
一、安裝
1、安裝第三方epel源
centos 5的epel
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
centos 6的epel
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
查看系統(tǒng)版本
17:01:30 # cat /etc/issue CentOS release 6.5 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m
由于是6版本所以安裝6的epel
2、安裝ansible
yum install ansible
如果需要自定義module或者想閱讀源碼、使用最新版本，可以去github里下載源碼
git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
3、添加主機
17:22:08 # cd /etc/ansible/ root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 17:23:27 # ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5113 Dec 29 03:00 ansible.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 965 Dec 29 03:00 hosts 其中ansible.cfg是配置文件，hosts是管理主機信息 17:24:44 # cat hosts 172.17.0.2:49154 172.17.0.4:49155 [zabbix] 172.17.0.2:49154 172.17.0.4:49155 [vpn] 172.17.0.10
4、使用密碼登陸
ansible支持正則測試
16:20:57 # ansible 127* -m ping
SSH password:
127.0.0.1 | success >> {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
16:21:05 # ansible 172* -m ping
SSH password:
172.17.0.5 | success >> {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
172.17.0.4 | success >> {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
172.17.0.2 | success >> {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
如果你有多臺服務器的話，想并發(fā)運行，可以使用-f參數(shù)，默認是并發(fā)5
5、使用密鑰登陸測試
11:30:35 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> xterm
二、模塊應用
6、文件傳輸
11:30:44 # ansible vpn -m copy -a "src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/server",
"gid": 505,
"group": "test",
"md5sum": "e8b32bc4d7b564ac6075a1418ad8841e",
"mode": "0664",
"owner": "test",
"size": 7,
"src": "/home/test/.ansible/tmp/ansible-1402630447.45-253524136818424/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 503
}
去客戶端查看文件是否傳輸過來
11:34:57 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 76 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 3124 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.pid
可以看到已經傳過來了
看看文件內容
11:35:09 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "cat /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> server
內容正常
還有另外一個模塊file，可以修改用戶與權限
下面是當前文件狀態(tài)
13:50:07 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
server文件是664權限，用戶與組都是test
修改一下
13:51:17 # ansible vpn -m file -a "dest=/tmp/server mode=755 owner=root group=root" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/server",
"size": 7,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
13:51:31 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
7、安裝軟件
14:20:30 # ansible vpn -m yum -a "name=nmap state=installed" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn\nSetting up Install Process\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nmap x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 Base 2.7 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package(s)\n\nTotal download size: 2.7 M\nInstalled size: 9.7 M\nDownloading Packages:\nRunning rpm_check_debug\nRunning Transaction Test\nTransaction Test Succeeded\nRunning Transaction\n\r Installing : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\r Verifying : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 \n\nComplete!\n"
]
}
三、playbook配置管理
8、playbook
A.進行一下shell模塊操作，測試刪除文件
先查看一下客戶端的server-test是否存在
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 00:37 /tmp/server-test
可以看到是存在的
然后寫一個刪除的playbook
[root@puppet ansible]# cat test.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test tasks: - name: delete /tmp/server-test shell: rm -rf /tmp/server-test
運行
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook test.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [delete /tmp/server-test] *********************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
在查看
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | FAILED | rc=2 >> ls: cannot access /tmp/server-test: No such file or directory
文件已經刪除
B.進行一下template模塊操作，測試文件傳輸
[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server-test [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 /tmp/server-test
C.使用service模塊，測試一下服務重啟
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ] [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ]
D.多項目同時更新
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 84
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
[root@puppet ansible]# vim multi_copy.yml
[root@puppet ansible]# cat multi_copy.yml
---
- hosts: vpn
remote_user: test
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}}
with_items:
- server-1
- server-2
- server-3
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook multi_copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 96
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
E.根據(jù)條件進行刪除
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# cat delete.yml --- - hosts: vpn remote_user: test gather_facts: True tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
F.debug輸出
[root@puppet ansible]# cat debug.yml
---
- hosts: vpn
remote_user: test
gather_facts: True
tasks:
- name: debug to print interface
debug: msg="{{item}}"
with_items: ansible_default_ipv4.address
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook debug.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY [vpn] ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [172.17.0.10]
TASK: [debug to print interface] **********************************************
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=10.10.32.34) => {
"item": "10.10.32.34",
"msg": "10.10.32.34"
}
G.check模式，僅檢測，但不實行
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 H.diff
使用diff與不使用作對比
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> [root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --diff [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** --- before +++ after @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ +server changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
9、主機信息查看
類似puppet的fact、salt的grains
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m setup -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"10.10.32.34",
"10.10.32.34"
],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
"fe80::f816:3eff:fe3e:1667"
],
"ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_bios_date": "01/01/2007",
"ansible_bios_version": "Bochs",
"ansible_cmdline": {
"KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc",
"KEYTABLE": "us",
"LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
"quiet": true,
"rd_NO_DM": true,
"rd_NO_LUKS": true,
"rd_NO_LVM": true,
"rd_NO_MD": true,
"rhgb": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "UUID=c6042d42-8edb-4bb4-a31b-2197b043500c"
},
數(shù)據(jù)太多，我就展示部分。
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