if isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
        # an SQLAlchemy class
        #該類的相關(guān)類型，即直接與間接父類
        cla = obj.__class__.__mro__
        #過濾不需要的父類
        cla = filter(lambda c: hasattr(c, '__table__'), filter(lambda c: isinstance(c, DeclarativeMeta), cla))
        columns = []
        map(lambda c: columns.extend(c.__table__.columns), cla[::-1])
        # columns = obj.__table__.columns
        if filtrate and isinstance(filtrate, (list, tuple)):
            fields = dict(map(lambda c: (c.name, getattr(obj, c.name)), filter(lambda c: not c.name in filtrate, columns)))
        else:
            fields = dict(map(lambda c: (c.name, getattr(obj, c.name)), columns))
        # fields = dict([(c.name, getattr(obj, c.name)) for c in obj.__table__.columns])
        if rename and isinstance(rename, dict):
            #先移除key和value相同的項
            _rename = dict(filter(lambda (k, v): str(k) != str(v), rename.iteritems()))
            #如果原始key不存在，那么新的key對應(yīng)的值默認(rèn)為None
            #如果新的key已存在于原始key中，那么原始key的值將被新的key的值覆蓋
            # map(lambda (k, v): fields.setdefault(v, fields.pop(k, None)), _rename.iteritems())
            map(lambda (k, v): fields.update({v: fields.pop(k, None)}), _rename.iteritems())
        #
        return fields
    else:
        return {}