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python list語法學(xué)習(xí)（帶例子）

更新時(shí)間：2013年11月01日 14:53:44 作者：

python list語法學(xué)習(xí)

創(chuàng)建：list = [5,7,9]
取值和改值：list[1] = list[1] * 5
列表尾插入：list.append(4)
去掉第0個(gè)值并返回第0個(gè)值的數(shù)值：list.pop(0)
去掉第0個(gè)值但不返回?cái)?shù)值：del(list[0])
去掉具體某個(gè)值：list.remove(35)

函數(shù)function：
無參數(shù)：def function():
一個(gè)參數(shù)：def function(x):
2個(gè)參數(shù)：def function(y):
任意個(gè)參數(shù)：def add_function(*args):

函數(shù)range：
一個(gè)參數(shù)：range(n) 從第0位開始數(shù)n個(gè)位
兩個(gè)參數(shù)：range(m,n) 從第m位開始到第n-1位，遞增間隔為1
三個(gè)參數(shù)：range(m,n,i) 從第m位開始到第n-1位，遞增間隔為i
for item in list: 和 for i in range(len(list)): 等價(jià)

對list中的元素用separator作為間隔輸出： print separator.join(list)
如： list = ['a','b','c','d'] 一般的print list會輸出： ['a','b','c','d']。
而 print " ".join(list) 會輸出：a b c d(必須是雙的雙引號，單的雙引號不起作用)

接受鍵盤輸入：
guess_row = int(raw_input("Guess Row:"))

下面是一個(gè)自己寫的小程序：生成一個(gè)方陣和隨機(jī)的位置，叫玩家猜這個(gè)生成的位置是哪里

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

from random import randint
def creat_board(length):
    board = []
    for i in range(length):
        board.append(['O'] * length)
    return board
def print_board(x):
    for row in x:
        print " ".join(row)
def random_row(board):
    return randint(0, len(board) - 1)

def random_col(board):
    return randint(0,len(board[0]) - 1)

length = int(raw_input("Enter board's length you:"))
board = creat_board(length)
print_board(board)
turns = int(raw_input("Enter turns you want to play:"))
for turn in range(turns):
    ship_row = random_row(board)
    ship_col = random_col(board)
    print "This is " + str(turn + 1) + "th time to guess:"
    guess_row = int(raw_input("Enter the row you guess:"))
    guess_col = int(raw_input("Enter the col you guess:"))

    if guess_row == ship_row and guess_col == ship_col:
        print "You win!"
        break
    else:
        if (guess_row < 0 or guess_row > len(board) - 1) or (guess_col < 0 or guess_col > len(board) - 1):
            print "Incorrect input!"
            if turn == turns - 1:
                print "Turns out!"
        elif board[guess_row][guess_col] == 'X':
            print "You have guessed it already!"
            if turn == turns - 1:
                print "Turns out!"
        else:
            print "You guess wrong!"
            board[guess_row][guess_col] = 'X'
            print_board(board)
            if turn == turns - 1:
                print "Turns out!"

曾經(jīng)犯的錯(cuò)誤：
1.創(chuàng)建board函數(shù)忘記返回一個(gè)board，所以它一直為空，導(dǎo)致后面的操作都越界了；
2.生成隨機(jī)位置的時(shí)候，位置row和col的命名一直是跟生成的函數(shù)名一樣（random_row=random_row(board)），導(dǎo)致TypeError: 'int' object is not callable錯(cuò)誤。

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