一、 啟動(dòng)LVS高可用集群服務(wù)

首先，啟動(dòng)每個(gè)real server節(jié)點(diǎn)的服務(wù)：
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/lvsrs start
start LVS of REALServer
然后，分別在主備Director Server啟動(dòng)Keepalived服務(wù)：
[root@DR1 ~]#/etc/init.d/Keepalived start
[root@DR1 ~]#/ ipvsadm -L
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP bogon:http rr
-> real-server1:http Route 1 1 0
-> real-server2:http Route 1 1 0
此時(shí)查看Keepalived服務(wù)的系統(tǒng)日志信息如下:
[root@localhost ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
Feb 28 10:01:56 localhost Keepalived: Starting Keepalived v1.1.19 (02/27,2011)
Feb 28 10:01:56 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.12.25 added
Feb 28 10:01:56 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Feb 28 10:01:56 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Configuration is using : 12063 Bytes
Feb 28 10:01:56 localhost Keepalived: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=4623
Feb 28 10:01:56 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.12.25 added
Feb 28 10:01:56 localhost Keepalived: Starting VRRP child process, pid=4624
Feb 28 10:01:56 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Activating healtchecker for service [192.168.12.246:80]
Feb 28 10:01:56 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Feb 28 10:01:56 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Activating healtchecker for service [192.168.12.237:80]
Feb 28 10:01:57 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Feb 28 10:01:58 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Feb 28 10:01:58 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Feb 28 10:01:58 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.12.135 added
Feb 28 10:01:58 localhost avahi-daemon[2778]: Registering new address record for 192.168.12.135 on eth0.

二、 高可用性功能測試

高可用性是通過LVS的兩個(gè)Director Server完成的，為了模擬故障，我們先將主Director Server上面的Keepalived服務(wù)停止，然后觀察備用Director Server上Keepalived的運(yùn)行日志，信息如下：
Feb 28 10:08:52 lvs-backup Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Feb 28 10:08:54 lvs-backup Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Feb 28 10:08:54 lvs-backup Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Feb 28 10:08:54 lvs-backup Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.12.135
Feb 28 10:08:54 lvs-backup Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.12.135 added
Feb 28 10:08:54 lvs-backup Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.12.135 added
Feb 28 10:08:54 lvs-backup avahi-daemon[3349]: Registering new address record for 192.168.12.135 on eth0.
Feb 28 10:08:59 lvs-backup Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.12.135
從日志中可以看出，主機(jī)出現(xiàn)故障后，備機(jī)立刻檢測到，此時(shí)備機(jī)變?yōu)镸ASTER角色，并且接管了主機(jī)的虛擬IP資源，最后將虛擬IP綁定在eth0設(shè)備上。
接著，重新啟動(dòng)主Director Server上的Keepalived服務(wù)，繼續(xù)觀察備用Director Server的日志狀態(tài)：
備用Director Server的日志狀態(tài)：
Feb 28 10:12:11 lvs-backup Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
Feb 28 10:12:11 lvs-backup Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Feb 28 10:12:11 lvs-backup Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Feb 28 10:12:11 lvs-backup Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.12.135 removed
Feb 28 10:12:11 lvs-backup Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.12.135 removed
Feb 28 10:12:11 lvs-backup avahi-daemon[3349]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.12.135 on eth0.
從日志可知，備機(jī)在檢測到主機(jī)重新恢復(fù)正常后，重新返回BACKUP角色，并且釋放了虛擬IP資源。

三、 負(fù)載均衡測試

這里假定兩個(gè)real server節(jié)點(diǎn)配置www服務(wù)的網(wǎng)頁文件根目錄均為/webdata/www目錄，然后分別執(zhí)行如下操作：
在real server1 執(zhí)行：
echo "This is real server1" /webdata/www/index.html
在real server2 執(zhí)行：
echo "This is real server2" /webdata/www/index.html
接著打開瀏覽器，訪問http://192.168.12.135這個(gè)地址，然后不斷刷新此頁面，如果能分別看到“This is real server1”和“This is real server2”就表明LVS已經(jīng)在進(jìn)行負(fù)載均衡了。

四、 故障切換測試

故障切換是測試當(dāng)某個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)故障后，Keepalived監(jiān)控模塊是否能及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，然后屏蔽故障節(jié)點(diǎn)，同時(shí)將服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移到正常節(jié)點(diǎn)來執(zhí)行。
這里我們將real server 1節(jié)點(diǎn)服務(wù)停掉，假定這個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)故障，然后查看主、備機(jī)日志信息，相關(guān)日志如下：
Feb 28 10:14:12 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: TCP connection to [192.168.12.246:80] failed !!!
Feb 28 10:14:12 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Removing service [192.168.12.246:80] from VS [192.168.12.135:80]
Feb 28 10:14:12 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Remote SMTP server [192.168.12.1:25] connected.
Feb 28 10:14:12 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: SMTP alert successfully sent.
通過日志可以看出，Keepalived監(jiān)控模塊檢測到192.168.12.246這臺(tái)主機(jī)出現(xiàn)故障后，將此節(jié)點(diǎn)從集群系統(tǒng)中剔除掉了。
此時(shí)訪問http://192.168.12.135這個(gè)地址，應(yīng)該只能看到“This is real server2”了，這是因?yàn)楣?jié)點(diǎn)1出現(xiàn)故障，而Keepalived監(jiān)控模塊將節(jié)點(diǎn)1從集群系統(tǒng)中剔除了。
下面重新啟動(dòng)real server 1節(jié)點(diǎn)的服務(wù)，可以看到Keepalived日志信息如下：
Feb 28 10:15:48 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: TCP connection to [192.168.12.246:80] success.
Feb 28 10:15:48 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Adding service [192.168.12.246:80] to VS [192.168.12.135:80]
Feb 28 10:15:48 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Remote SMTP server [192.168.12.1:25] connected.
Feb 28 10:15:48 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: SMTP alert successfully sent.
從日志可知，Keepalived監(jiān)控模塊檢測到192.168.12.246這臺(tái)主機(jī)恢復(fù)正常后，又將此節(jié)點(diǎn)加入了集群系統(tǒng)中。
此時(shí)再次訪問http://192.168.12.135這個(gè)地址，然后不斷刷新此頁面，應(yīng)該又能分別看到“This is real server1”和“This is real server2”頁面了，這說明在real server 1節(jié)點(diǎn)恢復(fù)正常后，Keepalived監(jiān)控模塊將此節(jié)點(diǎn)加入了集群系統(tǒng)中。

本文出自 “技術(shù)成就夢想” 博客

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