Scrapy爬蟲Response子類在應(yīng)用中的問題解析
正文
今天用scrapy爬取壁紙的時候(url:http://pic.netbian.com/4kmein...)絮叨了一些問題,記錄下來,供后世探討,以史為鑒。**
因為網(wǎng)站是動態(tài)渲染的,所以選擇scrapy對接selenium(scrapy抓取網(wǎng)頁的方式和requests庫相似,都是直接模擬HTTP請求,而Scrapy也不能抓取JavaScript動態(tài)渲染的網(wǎng)頁。)
所以在Downloader Middlewares中需要得到Request并且返回一個Response,問題出在Response,通過查看官方文檔發(fā)現(xiàn)class scrapy.http.Response(url[, status=200, headers=None, body=b'', flags=None, request=None]),隨即通過from scrapy.http import Response導(dǎo)入Response
輸入scrapy crawl girl得到如下錯誤:
*results=response.xpath('//[@id="main"]/div[3]/ul/lia/img')
raise NotSupported("Response content isn't text")
scrapy.exceptions.NotSupported: Response content isn't text**
檢查相關(guān)代碼:
# middlewares.py from scrapy import signals from scrapy.http import Response from scrapy.exceptions import IgnoreRequest import selenium from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC class Pic4KgirlDownloaderMiddleware(object): # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined, # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the # passed objects. def process_request(self, request, spider): # Called for each request that goes through the downloader # middleware. # Must either: # - return None: continue processing this request # - or return a Response object # - or return a Request object # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of # installed downloader middleware will be called try: self.browser=selenium.webdriver.Chrome() self.wait=WebDriverWait(self.browser,10) self.browser.get(request.url) self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#main > div.page > a:nth-child(10)'))) return Response(url=request.url,status=200,request=request,body=self.browser.page_source.encode('utf-8')) #except: #raise IgnoreRequest() finally: self.browser.close()
推斷問題出在:
return Response(url=request.url,status=200,request=request,body=self.browser.page_source.encode('utf-8'))
查看Response類的定義
@property def text(self): """For subclasses of TextResponse, this will return the body as text (unicode object in Python 2 and str in Python 3) """ raise AttributeError("Response content isn't text") def css(self, *a, **kw): """Shortcut method implemented only by responses whose content is text (subclasses of TextResponse). """ raise NotSupported("Response content isn't text") def xpath(self, *a, **kw): """Shortcut method implemented only by responses whose content is text (subclasses of TextResponse). """ raise NotSupported("Response content isn't text")
說明Response類不可以被直接使用,需要被繼承重寫方法后才能使用
響應(yīng)子類
**TextResponse對象** class scrapy.http.TextResponse(url[, encoding[, ...]]) **HtmlResponse對象** class scrapy.http.HtmlResponse(url[, ...]) **XmlResponse對象** class scrapy.http.XmlResponse(url [,... ] )
舉例觀察TextResponse的定義from scrapy.http import TextResponse
導(dǎo)入TextResponse發(fā)現(xiàn)
class TextResponse(Response): _DEFAULT_ENCODING = 'ascii' def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self._encoding = kwargs.pop('encoding', None) self._cached_benc = None self._cached_ubody = None self._cached_selector = None super(TextResponse, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
其中xpath方法已經(jīng)被重寫
@property def selector(self): from scrapy.selector import Selector if self._cached_selector is None: self._cached_selector = Selector(self) return self._cached_selector def xpath(self, query, **kwargs): return self.selector.xpath(query, **kwargs) def css(self, query): return self.selector.css(query)
所以用戶想要調(diào)用Response類,必須選擇調(diào)用其子類,并且重寫部分方法
Scrapy爬蟲入門教程十一 Request和Response(請求和響應(yīng))
scrapy文檔:https://doc.scrapy.org/en/lat...
中文翻譯文檔:http://chabaoo.cn/article/248161.htm
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