web.xml?SpringBoot打包可執(zhí)行Jar運(yùn)行SpringMVC加載流程
部署到webapps目錄啟動(dòng)
本文使用的Spring版本為Spring6,SpringBoot版本為3,JDK為17,可能會(huì)和之前有細(xì)微不同,但整體流程差不太大。
如果部署應(yīng)用到tomcat webapps目錄下面啟動(dòng),則需要在項(xiàng)目中配置web.xml文件
web.xml文件
配置Spring應(yīng)用上下文
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/application-context.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
context-param
context-param標(biāo)簽是用于在Web應(yīng)用程序的上下文范圍內(nèi)設(shè)置初始化參數(shù)。這些參數(shù)可以在整個(gè)Web應(yīng)用程序中使用,并且可以通過ServletContext對(duì)象的getInitParameter()方法獲取。
ContextLoaderListener
ContextLoaderListener實(shí)現(xiàn)了ServletContextListener接口,這個(gè)接口是tomcat留給應(yīng)用程序初始化上下文環(huán)境的接口,用于在Web應(yīng)用程序啟動(dòng)時(shí)加載ApplicationContext。
ServletContextListener有兩個(gè)默認(rèn)方法
// 在所有的servlet和filter初始化之前被調(diào)用
default public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
}
// 在所有的servlet和filter銷毀之后被調(diào)用
default public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
}
ContextLoaderListener還繼承了ContextLoader類,所有的context操作都在此類進(jìn)行。
ContextLoaderListener實(shí)現(xiàn)contextInitialized方法,然后調(diào)用父類ContextLoader的initWebApplicationContext方法,把ServletContext傳進(jìn)去。
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
初始化Spring Context。
initWebApplicationContext方法關(guān)鍵代碼
...
if (this.context == null) {
// 創(chuàng)建ApplicationContext
this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
...
// 刷新ApplicationContext
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
...
// 將當(dāng)前ApplicationContext添加到ServletContext的屬性中,后面有用再說
// String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
...
創(chuàng)建ApplicationContext
在createWebApplicationContext方法中,先調(diào)用determineContextClass方法確定使用哪個(gè)ApplicationContext,找到之后,實(shí)例化。
determineContextClass這個(gè)方法,主要是確定使用的ApplicationContext,首先從web.xml中加載,如果用戶有定義,直接使用用戶自定義的。
String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
web.xml中配置如下,
<context-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>com.xxx.XxxContext</param-value>
</context-param>
如果沒有配置,則使用Spring默認(rèn)的XmlWebApplicationContext類。
這個(gè)類在ContextLoader同路徑包下面的ContextLoader.properties文件中定義。
org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
配置和刷新ApplicationContext
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext關(guān)鍵代碼
protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac,ServletContext sc) {
// ...
// 獲取web.xml中配置的contextConfigLocation參數(shù)
String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
if (configLocationParam != null) {
wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
}
// ...
// 刷新上下文
wac.refresh();
}
至此Tomcat已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)Spring環(huán)境了,后續(xù)就是Spring的初始化流程,這里不再敘述。
初始化DispatcherServlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
此處的contextConfigLocation屬于DispatcherServlet的父類FrameworkServlet,主要用來加載SpringMVC相關(guān)的配置,示例如下:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 掃描控制器和其他組件 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example.controller" />
<!-- 配置視圖解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!-- 啟用Spring MVC注解支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
</beans>
DispatcherServlet類圖

可以看到DispatcherServlet實(shí)現(xiàn)了Servlet接口,Servlet接口中有init方法,SpringMVC的配置就是在初始化的時(shí)候被加載的。
關(guān)鍵代碼在HttpServletBean.init()和FrameworkServlet.initServletBean()方法中。
HttpServletBean.init()
public final void init() throws ServletException {
// Set bean properties from init parameters.
PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
if (!pvs.isEmpty()) {
try {
BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
initBeanWrapper(bw);
bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
}
throw ex;
}
}
// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
initServletBean();
}
FrameworkServlet.initServletBean()
protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
...
// 在這里初始化ApplicationContext
this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
// 初始化servlet
initFrameworkServlet();
}
FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext()
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
// 此處獲取根容器,就是Spring初始化的XmlWebApplicationContext,
// 在上面把它添加到了ServletContext的屬性中,標(biāo)記根容器,這里把它獲取出來
// String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";
// servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
WebApplicationContext rootContext =
WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
WebApplicationContext wac = null;
// 此時(shí)webApplicationContext還是null,因?yàn)镈ispatchServlet是被tomcat創(chuàng)建的,需要無參構(gòu)造器
// 構(gòu)造器中沒有設(shè)置webApplicationContext的代碼,所以此時(shí)webApplicationContext還是null
// 注意:在SpringBoot使用嵌入式Tomcat時(shí),這個(gè)webApplicationContext不為null,因?yàn)镕rameworkServlet還
// 實(shí)現(xiàn)了ApplicationContextAware接口,所以當(dāng)SpringBoot的上下文準(zhǔn)備好之后,會(huì)回調(diào)setApplicationContext方法
// 注入ApplicationContext,后面在細(xì)說
if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
wac = this.webApplicationContext;
if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac && !cwac.isActive()) {
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
cwac.setParent(rootContext);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
}
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
// 此處主要是獲取web.xml配置的WebApplicationContext
// 可以通過設(shè)置參數(shù)contextAttribute來設(shè)置加載SpringMVC的ApplicationContext
// 比如下面這樣。除非項(xiàng)目中有多個(gè)WebApplicationContext,需要使用其他WebApplicationContext才會(huì)用到
// 一般都是null
// <context-param>
// <param-name>contextAttribute</param-name>
// <param-value>myWebApplicationContext</param-value>
// </context-param>
wac = findWebApplicationContext();
}
if (wac == null) {
// 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入到創(chuàng)建SpringMVC的ApplicationContext流程
// 也就是加載contextConfigLocation定義的xml文件
// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
}
if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
// 初始化策略對(duì)象
// 比如:HandlerMapping,HandlerAdapter,ViewResolver等等
onRefresh(wac);
}
}
if (this.publishContext) {
// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
}
return wac;
}
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext parent) {
// SpringMVC所使用的contextClass,可以在<servlet>標(biāo)簽下設(shè)置
// <init-param>
// <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
// <param-value>org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext</param-value>
// </init-param>
// 默認(rèn)為XmlWebApplicationContext
Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();
if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
"': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +
"] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
}
// 實(shí)例化ApplicationContext
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
// 設(shè)置環(huán)境參數(shù)
wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
// 設(shè)置父容器為Spring的ApplicationContext
wac.setParent(parent);
// 獲取SpringMVC的contextConfigLocation文件
String configLocation = getContextConfigLocation();
if (configLocation != null) {
wac.setConfigLocation(configLocation);
}
// 配置并刷新ApplicationContext
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);
return wac;
}
DispatchServlet初始化完成
為什么需要父子容器
父子容器的作用主要是劃分框架邊界和實(shí)現(xiàn)bean的復(fù)用。
- 在J2EE三層架構(gòu)中,在service層我們一般使用Spring框架,而在web層則有多種選擇,如Spring MVC、Struts等。為了讓web層能夠使用service層的bean,我們需要將service層的容器作為web層容器的父容器,這樣就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)框架的整合。
- 父子容器的作用在于,當(dāng)我們嘗試從子容器(Servlet WebApplicationContext)中獲取一個(gè)bean時(shí),如果找不到,則會(huì)委派給父容器(Root WebApplicationContext)進(jìn)行查找。這樣可以避免在多個(gè)子容器中重復(fù)定義相同的bean,提高了代碼的復(fù)用性和可維護(hù)性。
接收請(qǐng)求
請(qǐng)求先進(jìn)入doService,然后調(diào)用doDispatch進(jìn)行處理。
doDispatch關(guān)鍵代碼
...
// 首先根據(jù)當(dāng)前請(qǐng)求HttpServletRequest,遍歷所有的HandlerMapping執(zhí)行handle方法,返回可用的HandlerExecutionChain對(duì)象。
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
// 然后根據(jù)handler獲取支持的適配器
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// 執(zhí)行HandlerInterceptor.preHandle,在controller的方法被調(diào)用前執(zhí)行
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// 執(zhí)行controller方法
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
// 執(zhí)行HandlerInterceptor.postHandle,在controller的方法被調(diào)用后執(zhí)行
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
// 渲染結(jié)果到視圖
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
- HandlerMapping是request與handler object之間的映射,它能根據(jù)request找到對(duì)應(yīng)的handler。handler object可以是任意類型,比如@Controller注解的類,或者實(shí)現(xiàn)了Controller接口的類,或者實(shí)現(xiàn)了HttpRequestHandler接口的類等。
- HandlerExecutionChain是handler執(zhí)行鏈,它包裝了handler object和一組HandlerInterceptor。HandlerInterceptor是攔截器,它可以在handler執(zhí)行前后進(jìn)行一些額外的操作,比如權(quán)限檢查,日志記錄等。
- HandlerAdapter是handler的適配器,它能處理不同類型的handler object,并調(diào)用其對(duì)應(yīng)的方法,返回ModelAndView對(duì)象。HandlerAdapter可以根據(jù)handler object的類型,進(jìn)行參數(shù)綁定,返回值處理等操作。
HandlerInterceptor使用
- 定義一個(gè)攔截器類,實(shí)現(xiàn)HandlerInterceptor接口或者繼承HandlerInterceptorAdapter類,重寫preHandle,postHandle和afterCompletion三個(gè)方法。
- 在preHandle方法中,可以獲取請(qǐng)求和響應(yīng)對(duì)象,進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,比如檢查請(qǐng)求頭中的token,或者判斷請(qǐng)求的url是否有權(quán)限訪問等。如果返回true,則繼續(xù)執(zhí)行后續(xù)的攔截器或者處理器;如果返回false,則中斷請(qǐng)求,不再執(zhí)行后續(xù)的攔截器或者處理器。
- 在postHandle方法中,可以獲取請(qǐng)求和響應(yīng)對(duì)象,以及處理器返回的ModelAndView對(duì)象,進(jìn)行后處理,比如修改模型數(shù)據(jù)或者視圖信息等。這個(gè)方法只有在preHandle返回true且處理器成功執(zhí)行后才會(huì)調(diào)用。
- 在afterCompletion方法中,可以獲取請(qǐng)求和響應(yīng)對(duì)象,以及處理器拋出的異常對(duì)象(如果有的話),進(jìn)行清理資源或者異常處理等。這個(gè)方法只有在preHandle返回true后才會(huì)調(diào)用,無論處理器是否成功執(zhí)行。
- 在SpringMVC的配置文件中,注冊(cè)攔截器類,并指定攔截的url模式??梢宰?cè)多個(gè)攔截器,并指定順序。攔截器會(huì)按照順序執(zhí)行preHandle方法,然后按照逆序執(zhí)行postHandle和afterCompletion方法。
HandlerInterceptor和Filter的區(qū)別
- HandlerInterceptor是基于Java反射機(jī)制的,而Filter是基于函數(shù)回調(diào)的。HandlerInterceptor可以利用Spring的AOP技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)更靈活的攔截邏輯,而Filter只能在請(qǐng)求前后進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的處理。
- HandlerInterceptor不依賴于Servlet容器,而Filter依賴于Servlet容器。HandlerInterceptor是SpringMVC框架提供的,可以在任何情況下使用,而Filter是Servlet規(guī)范的一部分,只能在Web應(yīng)用中使用。
- HandlerInterceptor的執(zhí)行由SpringMVC框架控制,而Filter的執(zhí)行由Servlet容器控制。HandlerInterceptor可以通過IoC容器來管理,可以注入其他的Bean,而Filter則需要在web.xml中配置,或者使用@WebFilter注解,并且需要@ServletComponentScan掃描。
- HandlerInterceptor只能攔截DispatcherServlet處理的請(qǐng)求,而Filter可以攔截任何請(qǐng)求。HandlerInterceptor只能對(duì)Controller方法進(jìn)行攔截,而Filter可以對(duì)靜態(tài)資源、JSP頁面等進(jìn)行攔截。
- HandlerInterceptor有三個(gè)方法:preHandle,postHandle和afterCompletion,分別在請(qǐng)求處理前后和視圖渲染前后執(zhí)行,而Filter只有一個(gè)方法:doFilter,在請(qǐng)求處理前后執(zhí)行。
處理controller返回結(jié)果
對(duì)于被controller方法,使用的適配器是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter,在handlerAdapter.handle方法執(zhí)行時(shí),會(huì)去執(zhí)行對(duì)應(yīng)的controller方法,處理controller方法返回的結(jié)果。
invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle
// 執(zhí)行controller方法
Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
...
// 處理返回?cái)?shù)據(jù),會(huì)判斷是不是有@ResponseBody注解,如果有,會(huì)使用RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor來處理返回值
// 然后會(huì)解析請(qǐng)求頭等等,判斷應(yīng)該返回什么類型的數(shù)據(jù),然后使用對(duì)應(yīng)的HttpMessageConverter寫入輸出流
this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(
returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
SpringBoot Jar啟動(dòng)
SpringBoot使用嵌入式Servlet容器啟動(dòng)應(yīng)用,有Tomcat,Jetty,Undertow。
選擇Servlet容器
SpringBoot默認(rèn)使用Tomcat,可以在配置文件中看出。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
web模塊自動(dòng)引入了tomcat
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> </dependency>
如果不使用Tomcat可以排除,引入其他服務(wù)器。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<!-- 剔除Tomcat -->
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!-- 使用jetty -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
如果沒有排除Tomcat,直接引入其他服務(wù)器,比如下面。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <!-- 沒有排除Tomcat --> </dependency> <!-- 引入jetty --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> </dependency>
如果項(xiàng)目中同時(shí)引入了Tomcat和其他服務(wù)器的依賴,那么SpringBoot會(huì)按照以下順序來選擇啟動(dòng)的服務(wù)器。
Tomcat > Jetty > Undertow
也就是說,如果有Tomcat,就優(yōu)先使用Tomcat,如果沒有Tomcat,就看有沒有Jetty,如果有Jetty,就使用Jetty,以此類推。這個(gè)順序是在SpringBoot的ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration類中定義的。
// 只展示必要代碼
class ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration {
// 當(dāng)Servlet、Tomcat、UpgradeProtocol類在類路徑存在時(shí)
// 并且ServletWebServerFactory類存在,則會(huì)創(chuàng)建tomcatServletWebServerFactory bean。
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ServletWebServerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
static class EmbeddedTomcat {
@Bean
TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory(
... 代碼省略
}
}
// 當(dāng)Servlet、Server、WebAppContext類在類路徑存在時(shí)
// 并且ServletWebServerFactory類型的Bean不存在時(shí),則會(huì)創(chuàng)建JettyServletWebServerFactory bean。
// ServletWebServerFactory是TomcatServletWebServerFactory、JettyServletWebServerFactory、
// UndertowServletWebServerFactory的父類
// 所以如果Tomcat被引入,上面的tomcatServletWebServerFactory就會(huì)被創(chuàng)建,這里的條件就不滿足,不會(huì)被創(chuàng)建。
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class, WebAppContext.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ServletWebServerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
static class EmbeddedJetty {
@Bean
JettyServletWebServerFactory JettyServletWebServerFactory(
... 代碼省略
}
}
// 分析同上
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ServletWebServerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
static class EmbeddedUndertow {
@Bean
UndertowServletWebServerFactory undertowServletWebServerFactory(
... 代碼省略
}
}
下面繼續(xù)以Tomcat為例
Tomcat配置、啟動(dòng)
Tomcat是在Spring容器啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候啟動(dòng)的
SpringApplication.run方法
首先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ConfigurableApplicationContext對(duì)象,并調(diào)用其refresh()方法,這個(gè)對(duì)象一般是AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext。
context = createApplicationContext(); -> refreshContext(context); -> refresh(context); -> applicationContext.refresh();
refresh()方法會(huì)調(diào)用其父類ServletWebServerApplicationContext的refresh()方法,在父類的refresh()中再次調(diào)用父類AbstractApplicationContext的refresh()方法,主要在onRefresh階段,會(huì)進(jìn)行服務(wù)器的配置。
... refresh()代碼簡(jiǎn)略 // 這里會(huì)初始化Tomcat配置 onRefresh(); // 這里會(huì)啟動(dòng)Tomcat finishRefresh(); ...
回到ServletWebServerApplicationContext類的onRefresh()方法,會(huì)調(diào)用createWebServer()方法,創(chuàng)建web服務(wù)器。
protected void onRefresh() {
super.onRefresh();
try {
// 創(chuàng)建服務(wù)器
createWebServer();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
}
}
private void createWebServer() {
... 代碼簡(jiǎn)略
// 獲取工廠類,這里獲取的就是在配置類中生效的那一個(gè),這里為TomcatServletWebServerFactory
ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
createWebServer.tag("factory", factory.getClass().toString());
// 獲取服務(wù)器
this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
}
TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getWebServer
public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
if (this.disableMBeanRegistry) {
Registry.disableRegistry();
}
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");
tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
for (LifecycleListener listener : this.serverLifecycleListeners) {
tomcat.getServer().addLifecycleListener(listener);
}
// 設(shè)置Connector,對(duì)應(yīng)與Tomcat Server.xml 中的<Connector></Connector>
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
connector.setThrowOnFailure(true);
// 對(duì)應(yīng)于Server.xml 中
// <Service name="Catalina">
// <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
// connectionTimeout="20000"
// redirectPort="8443" relaxedQueryChars="[|]"/>
// </Service>
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
}
// 準(zhǔn)備好Context組件
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
}
// 創(chuàng)建Tomcat服務(wù)器
protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) {
return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0, getShutdown());
}
至此,Tomcat配置已經(jīng)初始化完成,準(zhǔn)備啟動(dòng)。
在finishRefresh()方法中,會(huì)啟動(dòng)Tomcat
getLifecycleProcessor().onRefresh(); > DefaultLifecycleProcessor.startBeans(true); > LifecycleGroup::start > doStart(this.lifecycleBeans, member.name, this.autoStartupOnly); > bean.start(); > WebServerStartStopLifecycle.start > TomcatWebServer.start();
private void startBeans(boolean autoStartupOnly) {
Map<String, Lifecycle> lifecycleBeans = getLifecycleBeans();
Map<Integer, LifecycleGroup> phases = new TreeMap<>();
lifecycleBeans.forEach((beanName, bean) -> {
if (!autoStartupOnly || (bean instanceof SmartLifecycle smartLifecycle && smartLifecycle.isAutoStartup())) {
int phase = getPhase(bean);
phases.computeIfAbsent(
phase,
p -> new LifecycleGroup(phase, this.timeoutPerShutdownPhase, lifecycleBeans, autoStartupOnly)
).add(beanName, bean);
}
});
if (!phases.isEmpty()) {
phases.values().forEach(LifecycleGroup::start);
}
}
public void start() {
this.webServer.start();
this.running = true;
this.applicationContext
.publishEvent(new ServletWebServerInitializedEvent(this.webServer, this.applicationContext));
}
DispatchServlet配置
ServletContextInitializer
在prepareContext方法中,有一個(gè)方法configureContext
configureContext(context, initializersToUse);
configureContext方法,在這里面創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)TomcatStarter對(duì)象,這個(gè)類實(shí)現(xiàn)了ServletContainerInitializer接口,所以在容器啟動(dòng)過程中會(huì)被調(diào)用。
TomcatStarter starter = new TomcatStarter(initializers); context.addServletContainerInitializer(starter, NO_CLASSES);
initializers是Spring自己定義的初始化接口ServletContextInitializer,傳入TomcatStarter之后,在onStartup方法中循環(huán)調(diào)用onStartup方法。
public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> classes, ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
try {
for (ServletContextInitializer initializer : this.initializers) {
initializer.onStartup(servletContext);
}
}
...
}
需要注意的是,這里的initializers有些傳過來的時(shí)候是一個(gè)函數(shù)式接口,在上面的factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());這里傳進(jìn)來的,就是一個(gè)函數(shù)式接口
private org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializer getSelfInitializer() {
return this::selfInitialize;
}
實(shí)際調(diào)用在下面這個(gè)方法
private void selfInitialize(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
prepareWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
registerApplicationScope(servletContext);
WebApplicationContextUtils.registerEnvironmentBeans(getBeanFactory(), servletContext);
for (ServletContextInitializer beans : getServletContextInitializerBeans()) {
beans.onStartup(servletContext);
}
}
這里遍歷所有的ServletContextInitializer,然后調(diào)用它的onStartup方法。
其中有一個(gè)DispatcherServletRegistrationBean,這個(gè)類實(shí)現(xiàn)了ServletContextInitializer接口,主要是用來添加DispatchServlet。
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration配置類中有DispatcherServlet,DispatcherServletRegistrationBean兩個(gè)Bean。
protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration {
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet,
WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) {
// 創(chuàng)建DispatcherServletRegistrationBean,并把dispatcherServlet傳進(jìn)去
DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet,
webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());
registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig);
return registration;
}
}
protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
// 創(chuàng)建DispatcherServlet
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails());
return dispatcherServlet;
}
}
ServletContextInitializer.onStartup方法由子類RegistrationBean實(shí)現(xiàn)
public final void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
String description = getDescription();
if (!isEnabled()) {
logger.info(StringUtils.capitalize(description) + " was not registered (disabled)");
return;
}
// register是一個(gè)抽象方法,由子類DynamicRegistrationBean實(shí)現(xiàn)
register(description, servletContext);
}
protected abstract void register(String description, ServletContext servletContext);
DynamicRegistrationBean.register
protected final void register(String description, ServletContext servletContext) {
// addRegistration是一個(gè)抽象方法,由子類ServletRegistrationBean實(shí)現(xiàn)
D registration = addRegistration(description, servletContext);
if (registration == null) {
logger.info(StringUtils.capitalize(description) + " was not registered (possibly already registered?)");
return;
}
// Servlet被添加到Context后,這里對(duì)Servlet進(jìn)行配置,如攔截路徑
configure(registration);
}
protected abstract D addRegistration(String description, ServletContext servletContext);
ServletRegistrationBean.addRegistration,作用類似下面
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
protected ServletRegistration.Dynamic addRegistration(String description, ServletContext servletContext) {
String name = getServletName();
// 添加Servlet到Context中,這里的servlet就是DispatchServlet。
return servletContext.addServlet(name, this.servlet);
}
ServletRegistrationBean.configure,作用類似下面
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
protected void configure(ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration) {
super.configure(registration);
String[] urlMapping = StringUtils.toStringArray(this.urlMappings);
if (urlMapping.length == 0 && this.alwaysMapUrl) {
// DEFAULT_MAPPINGS默是“/”
urlMapping = DEFAULT_MAPPINGS;
}
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(urlMapping)) {
// 設(shè)置mapping
registration.addMapping(urlMapping);
}
registration.setLoadOnStartup(this.loadOnStartup);
if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
}
}
至此,DispatchServlet已配置好,后續(xù)流程和web.xml配置調(diào)用流程基本相同。
FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext()
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
// 此處獲取根容器,就是Spring初始化的XmlWebApplicationContext,
// 在上面把它添加到了ServletContext的屬性中,標(biāo)記根容器,這里把它獲取出來
// String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";
// servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
// ===========上面為使用web.xml時(shí)的分析,下面為SpringBoot嵌入式Tomcat分析============
// 同樣是獲取根容器,不過一般為AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext
WebApplicationContext rootContext =
WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
WebApplicationContext wac = null;
// 此時(shí)webApplicationContext還是null,因?yàn)镈ispatchServlet是被tomcat創(chuàng)建的,需要無參構(gòu)造器
// 構(gòu)造器中沒有設(shè)置webApplicationContext的代碼,所以此時(shí)webApplicationContext還是null
// ===========上面為使用web.xml時(shí)的分析,下面為SpringBoot嵌入式Tomcat分析============
// 注意:在SpringBoot使用嵌入式Tomcat時(shí),這個(gè)webApplicationContext不為null,因?yàn)镕rameworkServlet還
// 實(shí)現(xiàn)了ApplicationContextAware接口,所以當(dāng)SpringBoot的上下文準(zhǔn)備好之后,會(huì)回調(diào)setApplicationContext方法
// 注入ApplicationContext,后面在細(xì)說
if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
wac = this.webApplicationContext;
if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac && !cwac.isActive()) {
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
cwac.setParent(rootContext);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
}
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
// 此處主要是獲取web.xml配置的WebApplicationContext
// 可以通過設(shè)置參數(shù)contextAttribute來設(shè)置加載SpringMVC的ApplicationContext
// 比如下面這樣。除非項(xiàng)目中有多個(gè)WebApplicationContext,需要使用其他WebApplicationContext才會(huì)用到
// 一般都是null
// <context-param>
// <param-name>contextAttribute</param-name>
// <param-value>myWebApplicationContext</param-value>
// </context-param>
// ===========上面為使用web.xml時(shí)的分析,下面為SpringBoot嵌入式Tomcat分析
// 因?yàn)閣ac此時(shí)不為null,這里不會(huì)進(jìn)入
wac = findWebApplicationContext();
}
if (wac == null) {
// 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入到創(chuàng)建SpringMVC的ApplicationContext流程
// 也就是加載contextConfigLocation定義的xml文件
// ===========上面為使用web.xml時(shí)的分析,下面為SpringBoot嵌入式Tomcat分析
// 因?yàn)閣ac此時(shí)不為null,這里不會(huì)進(jìn)入,所以沒有SpringMVC的容器,也就是沒有父子容器之分,SpringBoot項(xiàng)目中只有一個(gè)容器
// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
}
if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
// 初始化策略對(duì)象
// 比如:HandlerMapping,HandlerAdapter,ViewResolver等等
onRefresh(wac);
}
}
if (this.publishContext) {
// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
}
return wac;
}以上就是web.xml SpringBoot打包可執(zhí)行Jar運(yùn)行SpringMVC加載流程的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,更多關(guān)于web.xml SpringBoot打包Jar的資料請(qǐng)關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章!
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