DO $$
DECLARE 
  rec_emp RECORD;
  cur_emp CURSOR(p_deptid INTEGER) FOR
    SELECT first_name, last_name, hire_date 
    FROM employees
    WHERE department_id = p_deptid;
BEGIN
  -- 打開游標(biāo)
  OPEN cur_emp(60);

  LOOP
    -- 獲取游標(biāo)中的記錄
    FETCH cur_emp INTO rec_emp;
    -- 沒有找到更多數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)退出循環(huán)
    EXIT WHEN NOT FOUND;

    RAISE NOTICE '%,% hired at:%' , rec_emp.first_name, rec_emp.last_name, rec_emp.hire_date;
  END LOOP;

  -- Close the cursor
  CLOSE cur_emp;
END $$;

NOTICE:  Alexander,Hunold hired at:2006-01-03
NOTICE:  Bruce,Ernst hired at:2007-05-21
NOTICE:  David,Austin hired at:2005-06-25
NOTICE:  Valli,Pataballa hired at:2006-02-05
NOTICE:  Diana,Lorentz hired at:2007-02-07

DO $$ 
BEGIN 
  RAISE DEBUG 'This is a debug text.';
  RAISE INFO 'This is an information.';
  RAISE LOG 'This is a log.';
  RAISE WARNING 'This is a warning at %', now();
  RAISE NOTICE 'This is a notice %%';
END $$;

INFO:  This is an information.
WARNING:  This is a warning at 2020-05-16 11:27:06.138569+08
NOTICE:  This is a notice %

RAISE [ EXCEPTION ] format USING option = expression [, ... ];
RAISE [ EXCEPTION ] condition_name USING option = expression [, ... ];
RAISE [ EXCEPTION ] SQLSTATE 'sqlstate' USING option = expression [, ... ];
RAISE [ EXCEPTION ] USING option = expression [, ... ];

RAISE EXCEPTION 'Nonexistent ID --> %', user_id
      USING HINT = 'Please check your user ID';

RAISE 'Duplicate user ID: %', user_id USING ERRCODE = 'unique_violation';
RAISE 'Duplicate user ID: %', user_id USING ERRCODE = '23505';

RAISE division_by_zero;
RAISE SQLSTATE '22012';

ASSERT condition [ , message ];

DO $$ 
DECLARE 
  i integer := 1;
BEGIN 
  ASSERT i = 0, 'i 的初始值應(yīng)該為 0！';
END $$;

ERROR:  i 的初始值應(yīng)該為 0！
CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 5 at ASSERT

[ <<label>> ]
[ DECLARE
    declarations ]
BEGIN
    statements
EXCEPTION
    WHEN condition [ OR condition ... ] THEN
        handler_statements
    [ WHEN condition [ OR condition ... ] THEN
          handler_statements
      ... ]
END;

DO $$ 
DECLARE 
  i integer := 1;
BEGIN 
  i := i / 0;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN division_by_zero THEN
    RAISE NOTICE '除零錯(cuò)誤！';
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    RAISE NOTICE '其他錯(cuò)誤！';
END $$;

NOTICE:  除零錯(cuò)誤！
OTHERS 用于捕獲未指定的錯(cuò)誤類型。

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
  name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } default_expr ] [, ...] ] )
  RETURNS rettype
AS $$
DECLARE
  declarations
BEGIN
  statements;
  ...
END; $$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_emp_count(p_deptid integer)
 RETURNS integer 
AS $$
DECLARE
  ln_count integer;
BEGIN
  select count(*) into ln_count
  from employees
  where department_id = p_deptid;

  return ln_count;
END; $$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;

select department_id,department_name,get_emp_count(department_id)
from departments d;
department_id|department_name     |get_emp_count|
-------------|--------------------|-------------|
           10|Administration      |            1|
           20|Marketing           |            2|
           30|Purchasing          |            6|
...

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_emp_count(p_deptid integer, p_hiredate date)
 RETURNS integer 
AS $$
DECLARE
  ln_count integer;
BEGIN
  select count(*) into ln_count
  from employees
  where department_id = p_deptid and hire_date >= p_hiredate;

  return ln_count;
END; $$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;

select department_id,department_name,get_emp_count(department_id),get_emp_count(department_id, '2005-01-01')
from departments d;
department_id|department_name     |get_emp_count|get_emp_count|
-------------|--------------------|-------------|-------------|
           10|Administration      |            1|            0|
           20|Marketing           |            2|            1|
           30|Purchasing          |            6|            4|
...

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION sum_num(
  VARIADIC nums numeric[])
  RETURNS numeric
AS $$
DECLARE ln_total numeric;
BEGIN
  SELECT SUM(nums[i]) INTO ln_total
  FROM generate_subscripts(nums, 1) t(i);

  RETURN ln_total;
END; $$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;

SELECT sum_num(1,2), sum_num(1,2,3);
sum_num|sum_num|
-------|-------|
      3|      6|

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] PROCEDURE
  name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } default_expr ] [, ...] ] )
AS $$
DECLARE
  declarations
BEGIN
  statements;
  ...
END; $$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_emp(
  p_empid in integer,
  p_salary in numeric,
  p_phone in varchar)
AS $$
BEGIN
  update employees 
  set salary = p_salary,
      phone_number = p_phone
  where employee_id = p_empid;
END; $$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;

call update_emp(100, 25000, '515.123.4560');

create table test(a int);

CREATE PROCEDURE transaction_test()
LANGUAGE plpgsql
AS $$
BEGIN
    FOR i IN 0..9 LOOP
        INSERT INTO test (a) VALUES (i);
        IF i % 2 = 0 THEN
            COMMIT;
        ELSE
            ROLLBACK;
        END IF;
    END LOOP;
END
$$;

CALL transaction_test();
select * from test;
a|
-|
0|
2|
4|
6|
8|