Hadoop部署的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施操作詳解

更新時(shí)間：2023年02月22日 14:07:17 作者：iiopsd

這篇文章主要為大家介紹了Hadoop部署的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施操作詳解，有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下，希望能夠有所幫助，祝大家多多進(jìn)步，早日升職加薪

官網(wǎng)導(dǎo)讀

hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.6.5…

支持最好的平臺(tái)：GNU/Linux
依賴(lài)的軟件：
- Java™ must be installed. Recommended Java versions are described at HadoopJavaVersions.Hadoop基于Java開(kāi)發(fā)，Java的移動(dòng)性好
- ssh must be installed and sshd must be running to use the Hadoop scripts that manage remote Hadoop daemons.
部署模式：
- Local (Standalone) Mode 單機(jī)模式，主要用于debug
- Pseudo-Distributed Mode 偽分布式，單節(jié)點(diǎn)多角色
- Fully-Distributed Mode 完全分布式，多節(jié)點(diǎn)多角色

基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

操作系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、必須軟件

設(shè)置IP及主機(jī)名
關(guān)閉防火墻&selinux
設(shè)置hosts映射
時(shí)間同步
安裝jdk
設(shè)置SSH免秘鑰

設(shè)置IP及主機(jī)名

可以正常聯(lián)網(wǎng)查看IP

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.0.118  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255
        inet6 fe80::3db1:f589:4820:5457  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:18:10:17  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 462062  bytes 670399544 (639.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 166351  bytes 11096211 (10.5 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 84  bytes 13940 (13.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 84  bytes 13940 (13.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:5a:69:e1  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
// 配置
DEVICE=eth0
#HWADDR=00:0C:29:42:15:C2
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_TROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.150.11
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.150.2
DNS1=223.5.5.5
DNS2=114.114.114.114

修改配置文件設(shè)置主機(jī)名

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
// 設(shè)置主機(jī)名并保存退出
HOSTNAME=node01

關(guān)閉防火墻&selinux

//關(guān)閉防火墻
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
//關(guān)閉開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)防火墻
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
//將配置文件中的SELINUX設(shè)置為disabled
SELINUX=disabled

設(shè)置hosts映射

增加映射關(guān)系，因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)在搭建環(huán)境的時(shí)候，一般會(huì)做解耦，不會(huì)再軟件配置文件中寫(xiě)ip地址，主要使用主機(jī)名，就和dns解析一樣，避免ip改變時(shí)要修改很多配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts
// 增加映射關(guān)系
192.168.0.118 node01
192.168.0.119 node02

時(shí)間同步

所有節(jié)點(diǎn)時(shí)間需同步一致，不然未來(lái)做心跳的時(shí)候會(huì)有問(wèn)題

[root@localhost ~]# date
Fri Dec 30 22:23:45 CST 2022
// 安裝ntp
[root@localhost ~]# yum install ntp -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
Package ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/ntp.conf
// 增加配置
server ntp1.aliyun.com
// 啟動(dòng)ntpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start ntpd.service
// 配置開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)ntpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable ntpd.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ntpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]#

安裝jdk

設(shè)置環(huán)境變量的時(shí)候要記得設(shè)置兩次，一次在安裝jdk的時(shí)候設(shè)置，一次在搭建Hadoop的時(shí)候設(shè)置

去官網(wǎng)下載jdk，最好是rpm包，然后上傳到服務(wù)器節(jié)點(diǎn)中（使用jdk壓縮包解壓安裝需要做很多其他的配置）

這里使用過(guò)windows下載，通過(guò)scp命令上傳到118節(jié)點(diǎn)中

F:\workspace\demo>scp C:\Users\43866\Downloads\jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm root@192.168.0.118:/usr/jdk
root@192.168.0.118's password: 
jdk-8u351-linux-aarch64.rpm                                                                                           100%   59MB  70.1MB/s   00:00     
F:\workspace\demo>

在118節(jié)點(diǎn)中使用命令安裝jdk

[root@node01 jdk]# rpm -i jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm 
warning: jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Unpacking JAR files...
        tools.jar...
        plugin.jar...
        javaws.jar...
        deploy.jar...
        rt.jar...
        jsse.jar...
        charsets.jar...
        localedata.jar...
[root@node01 jdk]#

設(shè)置JAVA_HOME環(huán)境變量

[root@node01 default]# vi /etc/profile
// 追加環(huán)境變量并保存文件
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

設(shè)置SSH免秘鑰

想要使用Hadoop腳本就必須設(shè)置ssh免密

1、檢查是否已設(shè)置ssh免密

[root@node01 default]# ssh localhost
The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:rDsunaro1f5LyKkEeNohXfDD9oEglNXtviD/JZtA1dw.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:51:38:8d:fc:e4:d2:c7:ce:66:09:c8:f2:e6:9e:a7:f2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@localhost's password:

通過(guò)ssh localhost命令檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)需要輸入密碼，說(shuō)明還未設(shè)置ssh免密，而且還可以自動(dòng)生成.ssh文件，這個(gè)文件要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建的話(huà)比較麻煩

2、生成秘鑰和公鑰

如果118節(jié)點(diǎn)想免密登錄到118節(jié)點(diǎn)（自己）：

118節(jié)點(diǎn)就要生成公鑰和秘鑰，且將公鑰放到 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys中

[root@node01 .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:GHhKB7GeoYYlNPWJpCZ+VoABUyIgDbdYrjjyAdgui1k root@node01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[DSA 1024]----+
|@BB+o.           |
|=X=.++.          |
|*o=.=++          |
|=B +.* o         |
|B.Eo+ . S        |
|oOo.             |
|+ .              |
|                 |
|                 |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@node01 .ssh]# cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[root@node01 .ssh]# 
[root@node01 .ssh]# ssh 192.168.0.118
Last login: Sat Dec 31 13:52:49 2022 from 192.168.0.117
[root@node01 ~]#