Excel?VBA按列拆分工作表和工作簿的實(shí)現(xiàn)
改進(jìn)《將excel按照某一列拆分成多個(gè)文件》,使代碼更具通用性,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)將工作表拆分為工作表或工作簿
對(duì)Excel表格數(shù)據(jù)按照某列的值,將工作表拆分
1,工作表按列拆分為工作表
單列關(guān)鍵值
Sub 工作表按列拆分為工作表() '當(dāng)前工作表(worksheet)按固定某列的值拆分為多個(gè)工作表,保存在當(dāng)前工作簿(workbook) Dim arr, dict As Object Set dict = CreateObject("scripting.dictionary") '--------------------參數(shù)填寫:num_col,數(shù)字,A列為1向右遞增;title_row,數(shù)字,第1行為1向下遞增 num_col = 4 '關(guān)鍵值列,按該列的值進(jìn)行拆分,相同的保存在同一ws title_row = 1 '表頭行,每個(gè)拆分后的sheet都保留 Set ws = Application.ActiveSheet arr = ActiveSheet.UsedRange '所有數(shù)據(jù)行讀取為數(shù)組,也可arr = [a1].CurrentRegion For i = title_row + 1 To UBound(arr): '遍歷關(guān)鍵值列,寫入字典,key為關(guān)鍵值,item為對(duì)應(yīng)的行 If Not dict.Exists(arr(i, num_col)) Then '新鍵-值 Set dict(arr(i, num_col)) = Rows(i) Else '已有鍵-值,更新 Set dict(arr(i, num_col)) = Union(dict(arr(i, num_col)), Rows(i)) End If Next k = dict.Keys:v = dict.Items For i = 0 To dict.count - 1: '遍歷字典,創(chuàng)建、寫入ws 'Worksheets.Add(after:=Sheets(Sheets.count)).Name = "拆分表" & i + 1 '最后添加新sheet,序號(hào)命名 Worksheets.Add(after:=Sheets(Sheets.count)).Name = "拆分表_" & k(i) '最后添加新sheet,keys命名 With ActiveSheet ws.Rows(1).Copy .[a1].PasteSpecial Paste:=xlPasteColumnWidths '復(fù)制列寬 ws.Rows(1 & ":" & title_row).Copy .[a1] '復(fù)制表頭 v(i).Copy .Range("A" & title_row + 1) '復(fù)制數(shù)據(jù) End With 'Exit For '強(qiáng)制退出for循環(huán),單次測試使用 Next End Sub
2,工作表按列拆分為工作簿
單列關(guān)鍵值
Sub 工作表按列拆分為工作簿() '當(dāng)前工作表(worksheet)按固定某列的值拆分為多個(gè)工作簿(workbook),文件單獨(dú)保存 Dim arr, dict As Object Set dict = CreateObject("scripting.dictionary"): tm = Timer Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") '--------------------參數(shù)填寫:num_col,數(shù)字,A列為1向右遞增;title_row,數(shù)字,第1行為1向下遞增 num_col = 4 '關(guān)鍵值列,按該列的值進(jìn)行拆分,相同的保存在同一ws title_row = 1 '表頭行,每個(gè)拆分后的sheet都保留 Set ws = Application.ActiveSheet wb_path = Application.ActiveWorkbook.Path '當(dāng)前工作簿文件路徑 wb_name = Application.ActiveWorkbook.Name '當(dāng)前工作簿文件名和擴(kuò)展名 save_path = wb_path + "\拆分表" '保存拆分后的表格保存路徑 If Not fso.FolderExists(save_path) Then fso.CreateFolder (save_path) '創(chuàng)建文件夾 Application.ScreenUpdating = False '關(guān)閉屏幕更新,加快程序運(yùn)行 Application.DisplayAlerts = False '不顯示警告信息 arr = ActiveSheet.UsedRange '所有數(shù)據(jù)行讀取為數(shù)組,也可arr = [a1].CurrentRegion For i = title_row + 1 To UBound(arr): '遍歷關(guān)鍵值列,寫入字典,key為關(guān)鍵值,item為對(duì)應(yīng)的行 If Not dict.Exists(arr(i, num_col)) Then '新鍵-值 Set dict(arr(i, num_col)) = Rows(i) Else '已有鍵-值,更新 Set dict(arr(i, num_col)) = Union(dict(arr(i, num_col)), Rows(i)) End If Next k = dict.Keys:v = dict.Items For i = 0 To dict.count - 1: '遍歷字典,創(chuàng)建、寫入wb Workbooks.Add With ActiveSheet ws.Rows(1).Copy .[a1].PasteSpecial Paste:=xlPasteColumnWidths '復(fù)制列寬 ws.Rows(1 & ":" & title_row).Copy .[a1] '復(fù)制表頭 v(i).Copy .Range("A" & title_row + 1) '復(fù)制數(shù)據(jù) End With '保存文件全名(文件路徑、文件名、擴(kuò)展名),keys命名 save_file = save_path & "\" & fso.GetBaseName(wb_name) & "_拆分表_" & k(i) & "." & fso.GetExtensionName(wb_name) ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs filename:=save_file ActiveWorkbook.Close (False) 'Exit For '強(qiáng)制退出for循環(huán),單次測試使用 Next Set fso = Nothing '釋放內(nèi)存 Application.ScreenUpdating = True Application.DisplayAlerts = True Debug.Print "工作表已拆分完成,累計(jì)用時(shí)" & Format(Timer - tm, "0.00") '耗時(shí) End Sub
1、2舉例
原始數(shù)據(jù)
拆分為工作表
拆分為工作薄
3,工作簿按列拆分
對(duì)包含多個(gè)工作表的工作簿進(jìn)行拆分,支持每個(gè)工作表中關(guān)鍵值列號(hào)都不同(單列關(guān)鍵值)
3.1,復(fù)制法
Private Function RE_STR(source_str As String, pat As String, Optional replace_str As String = "$1") '通用正則替換函數(shù),函數(shù)定義RE(字符串,正則模式,替換值)對(duì)單元格返回正則替換后的字符串 With CreateObject("vbscript.regexp") '正則表達(dá)式 .Global = True .Pattern = pat RE_STR = .Replace(source_str, replace_str) End With End Function Sub 工作簿按列拆分() '當(dāng)前工作簿wb所有工作表ws按一列的值拆分為多個(gè)工作簿,新舊工作簿形式一致,以列值命名新wb Dim arr, dict As Object, fso As Object, title_row&, num_col&, i& '--------------------參數(shù)填寫:num_col,數(shù)字,A列為1向右遞增;title_row,數(shù)字,第1行為1向下遞增 title_row = 1 '表頭行,每個(gè)拆分后的sheet都保留 num_col = 0 '關(guān)鍵值列,按該列的值進(jìn)行拆分,相同的保存在同一ws,為0時(shí)使用key_col key_col = "屬地" '首行關(guān)鍵值,當(dāng)各工作表關(guān)鍵值列號(hào)不同時(shí),使用關(guān)鍵值動(dòng)態(tài)確定num_col(初始為0) Set dict = CreateObject("scripting.dictionary"): tm = Timer Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Application.ScreenUpdating = False '關(guān)閉屏幕更新,加快程序運(yùn)行 Application.DisplayAlerts = False '不顯示警告信息 With ActiveWorkbook '拆分當(dāng)前工作簿 save_path = .path + "\拆分表" '保存拆分后的表格保存路徑 wb_name = .Name '當(dāng)前工作簿文件名和擴(kuò)展名 If Not fso.FolderExists(save_path) Then fso.CreateFolder (save_path) '創(chuàng)建文件夾 For Each sht In .Worksheets If num_col > 0 Then col = num_col ElseIf num_col = 0 Then '為0時(shí)使用key_col動(dòng)態(tài)確定num_col For i = 1 To sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count If sht.Cells(1, i).Value = key_col Then col = i Next End If arr = sht.UsedRange For i = title_row + 1 To UBound(arr) '遍歷關(guān)鍵值列,寫入字典,key為關(guān)鍵值,item為對(duì)應(yīng)的行 If Len(arr(i, col)) > 0 Then '關(guān)鍵值列不為空 If Not dict.Exists(arr(i, col)) Then '新鍵-值 Set dict(arr(i, col)) = sht.Rows(i) Else '已有鍵-值,更新 Set dict(arr(i, col)) = Union(dict(arr(i, col)), sht.Rows(i)) 'Union,range對(duì)象 End If End If Next k = dict.keys: v = dict.Items For i = 0 To dict.Count - 1: '遍歷字典,創(chuàng)建、寫入wb Workbooks.Add With ActiveSheet .Name = sht.Name '工作表命名 sht.Rows(1).Copy .[a1].PasteSpecial Paste:=xlPasteColumnWidths '復(fù)制列寬 sht.Rows(1 & ":" & title_row).Copy .[a1] '復(fù)制表頭 v(i).Copy .Range("A" & title_row + 1) '復(fù)制數(shù)據(jù) End With Set ws = Application.ActiveSheet '保存文件全名(文件路徑、文件名、擴(kuò)展名),keys命名 file_name = RE_STR(CStr(k(i)), "[\\/:*?""<>|]", "") '刪除文件名非法字符 save_file = save_path & "\" & file_name & "." & fso.GetExtensionName(wb_name) If Not fso.FileExists(save_file) Then '文件不存在,創(chuàng)建 ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs filename:=save_file ActiveWorkbook.Close (False) Else '文件存在,復(fù)制 Set save_wb = Application.Workbooks.Open(save_file) '打開文件 ws.Copy After:=Sheets(save_wb.Sheets.Count) save_wb.Close (True) ActiveWorkbook.Close (False) End If Next dict.RemoveAll '清空字典 Next End With Application.ScreenUpdating = True Application.DisplayAlerts = True Debug.Print "工作簿已拆分完成,累計(jì)用時(shí)" & Format(Timer - tm, "0.00") '耗時(shí) End Sub
舉例
1個(gè)工作簿中有3個(gè)工作表,需要按照“屬地”所在列的值拆分整個(gè)工作簿
工作簿拆分結(jié)果
3.2,刪除法
以上工作簿按列拆分采用的是復(fù)制數(shù)據(jù)的方法,以下為刪除法,刪除非同一關(guān)鍵值的行。
經(jīng)測試,刪除法比原本的復(fù)制法快2倍以上,尤其是使用先Union行再刪除的方法
Sub 工作簿按列拆分_刪除法() '當(dāng)前工作簿wb所有工作表ws按一列的值拆分為多個(gè)工作簿,新舊工作簿形式一致,以列值命名新wb '采用刪除非同一關(guān)鍵值的方法;同時(shí)使用字典定義參數(shù),可實(shí)現(xiàn)每個(gè)ws表頭行數(shù)與關(guān)鍵值列號(hào)都不同 Dim arr, args_dict As Object, dict As Object, fso As Object, rng As Range, t&, c&, i& Set args_dict = CreateObject("scripting.dictionary") '參數(shù)字典 '--------------------參數(shù)填寫:字典(工作表名)= Array(表頭行數(shù), 關(guān)鍵值列號(hào));如果工作表名未在字典中,則不拆分 args_dict("A級(jí)") = Array(1, 4): args_dict("B級(jí)") = Array(1, 3): args_dict("C級(jí)") = Array(1, 3) Set dict = CreateObject("scripting.dictionary"): tm = Timer Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Application.ScreenUpdating = False '關(guān)閉屏幕更新,加快程序運(yùn)行 Application.DisplayAlerts = False '不顯示警告信息 With ActiveWorkbook '拆分當(dāng)前工作簿 For Each sht In .Worksheets '遍歷所有工作表獲取所有關(guān)鍵值 If args_dict.Exists(sht.Name) Then '如果工作表名未在參數(shù)字典中,則不拆分 arr = sht.UsedRange: t = args_dict(sht.Name)(0): c = args_dict(sht.Name)(1) For i = t + 1 To UBound(arr) If Len(arr(i, c)) > 0 Then dict(arr(i, c)) = "" '關(guān)鍵值列不為空 Next End If Next save_path = .path + "\拆分表" '保存拆分后的表格保存路徑 wb_name = .Name '當(dāng)前工作簿文件名和擴(kuò)展名 If Not fso.FolderExists(save_path) Then fso.CreateFolder (save_path) '創(chuàng)建文件夾 For Each k In dict.keys Set write_wb = Workbooks.Add '新建工作簿,拆分文件 For Each sht In .Worksheets If args_dict.Exists(sht.Name) Then sht.Copy After:=write_wb.Worksheets(write_wb.Worksheets.Count) With write_wb.Worksheets(write_wb.Worksheets.Count) arr = .UsedRange: t = args_dict(sht.Name)(0): c = args_dict(sht.Name)(1) For i = t + 1 To UBound(arr) If arr(i, c) <> k Then If rng Is Nothing Then Set rng = .Rows(i) Else Set rng = Union(rng, .Rows(i)) End If End If Next rng.Delete: Set rng = Nothing '刪除非同一關(guān)鍵值的行,清空變量 End With End If Next write_wb.Worksheets(1).Delete 'excel新建wb第1個(gè)ws為空表 '保存文件全名(文件路徑、文件名、擴(kuò)展名),keys命名 file_name = RE_STR(CStr(k), "[\\/:*?""<>|]", "") '刪除文件名非法字符 save_file = save_path & "\" & file_name & "." & fso.GetExtensionName(wb_name) write_wb.SaveAs filename:=save_file write_wb.Close (False) Next End With Application.ScreenUpdating = True Application.DisplayAlerts = True Debug.Print "工作簿已拆分完成,累計(jì)用時(shí)" & Format(Timer - tm, "0.00") '耗時(shí) End Sub
4,工作表按列拆分,支持多列關(guān)鍵值
如果需要對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)按多列關(guān)鍵值合并進(jìn)行拆分,可以選擇添加輔助列,先將多列的值合并,在使用以上sub進(jìn)行拆分;也可以重新定義一個(gè)sub既支持單列又支持多列關(guān)鍵值的
Sub 工作表按列拆分_多列關(guān)鍵值() '當(dāng)前工作表ws按固定多列的值拆分為多個(gè)工作表,文件保存在當(dāng)前工作簿wb同一文件夾下單獨(dú)文件夾內(nèi) '采用刪除法;關(guān)鍵值可單列、多列;可拆分為工作表或工作簿 Dim arr, dict As Object, fso As Object, rng As Range, i&, t&, b&, bb&, k$, ws_name$, file_name$ '--------------------參數(shù)填寫:key_col,列號(hào)數(shù)組,數(shù)字 title_row = 1 '表頭行,每個(gè)拆分后的sheet都保留 key_col = Array(2, 4) '關(guān)鍵值列,按該列的值進(jìn)行拆分,相同的保存在同一ws delimiter = "_" '分隔符,最好為數(shù)據(jù)中不存在的字符,如Chr(28)或| save_type = "wb" '保存方式:ws拆分為工作表,wb拆分為工作簿 ReDim temp(1 To UBound(key_col) - LBound(key_col) + 1) Set dict = CreateObject("scripting.dictionary"): tm = Timer Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Application.ScreenUpdating = False '關(guān)閉屏幕更新,加快程序運(yùn)行 Application.DisplayAlerts = False '不顯示警告信息 With ActiveSheet arr = .UsedRange: ReDim brr(1 To UBound(arr) - title_row) 'brr保存關(guān)鍵字 For i = title_row + 1 To UBound(arr) '遍歷所有工作表獲取所有關(guān)鍵值 t = 0 For Each c In key_col t = t + 1: temp(t) = arr(i, c) Next k = Join(temp, delimiter): b = b + 1: brr(b) = k dict(k) = "" Next If save_type = "ws" Then '拆分為工作表 For Each kk In dict.keys ws_name = Replace(kk, delimiter, "_") '將分隔符改為下劃線 ws_name = RE_STR(ws_name, "[\\/:*?""<>|]", "") '刪除文件名非法字符 .Copy after:=Worksheets(Worksheets.Count) '復(fù)制到最后,keys命名 With ActiveSheet crr = .UsedRange: bb = 0: .Name = ws_name For i = title_row + 1 To UBound(arr) bb = bb + 1 If brr(bb) <> kk Then If rng Is Nothing Then Set rng = .Rows(i) Else Set rng = Union(rng, .Rows(i)) End If End If Next rng.Delete: Set rng = Nothing '刪除非同一關(guān)鍵值的行,清空變量 End With Next ElseIf save_type = "wb" Then '拆分為工作簿 save_path = .Parent.path + "\拆分表" '保存拆分后的表格保存路徑 wb_name = .Parent.Name '當(dāng)前工作簿文件名和擴(kuò)展名 If Not fso.FolderExists(save_path) Then fso.CreateFolder (save_path) '創(chuàng)建文件夾 For Each kk In dict.keys Set write_wb = Workbooks.Add '新建工作簿,拆分文件 .Copy after:=write_wb.Worksheets(write_wb.Worksheets.Count) With write_wb.Worksheets(write_wb.Worksheets.Count) crr = .UsedRange: bb = 0 For i = title_row + 1 To UBound(arr) bb = bb + 1 If brr(bb) <> kk Then If rng Is Nothing Then Set rng = .Rows(i) Else Set rng = Union(rng, .Rows(i)) End If End If Next rng.Delete: Set rng = Nothing '刪除非同一關(guān)鍵值的行,清空變量 End With write_wb.Worksheets(1).Delete 'excel新建wb第1個(gè)ws為空表 '保存文件全名(文件路徑、文件名、擴(kuò)展名),keys命名 file_name = Replace(kk, delimiter, "_") '將分隔符改為下劃線 file_name = RE_STR(file_name, "[\\/:*?""<>|]", "") '刪除文件名非法字符 save_file = save_path & "\" & file_name & "." & fso.GetExtensionName(wb_name) write_wb.SaveAs filename:=save_file write_wb.Close (False) Next End If End With Application.ScreenUpdating = True Application.DisplayAlerts = True Debug.Print "工作表已拆分完成,累計(jì)用時(shí)" & Format(Timer - tm, "0.00") '耗時(shí) End Sub
注意:
關(guān)鍵值列最好不存在為空的單元格,如果分隔符delimiter也為空的話,可能導(dǎo)致關(guān)鍵值錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)而拆分錯(cuò)誤,比如
b1和c1為空值,textjoin分隔符為空則導(dǎo)致關(guān)鍵值d1和d2相同,為避免這種情況delimiter最好不為空,且為數(shù)據(jù)中不存在的字符,避免最后replace導(dǎo)致保存文件名出錯(cuò)
舉例
原始數(shù)據(jù)
拆分為工作簿
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