Python實(shí)現(xiàn)PING命令的示例代碼
一、PING簡(jiǎn)介
PING(Packet Internet Grope),也稱因特網(wǎng)包探索器。PING使用ICMP回送(ECHO)請(qǐng)求和回送(ECHO)應(yīng)答報(bào)文,一般用于測(cè)試網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性,統(tǒng)計(jì)往返時(shí)間、丟包率等。PING UNIX命令格式如下:
ping [ - Rdfnqrv ] [ - c count ] [ - i wait ] [ - l preload ] [ - p pattern ] [ - s packetsize ] host
如果目標(biāo)主機(jī)正在運(yùn)行并連在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上,它就會(huì)對(duì)ICMP ECHO請(qǐng)求報(bào)文進(jìn)行應(yīng)答。每個(gè)ICMP ECHO請(qǐng)求報(bào)文包含一個(gè)IP和ICMP報(bào)文收不,后緊跟一個(gè)timeval結(jié)構(gòu),以及用來(lái)填充這個(gè)報(bào)文的填充字節(jié)。
缺省情況下,PING連續(xù)發(fā)送ICMP ECHO請(qǐng)求報(bào)文,直到收到中斷信號(hào)(Ctrl - C)。PING命令每秒發(fā)送一個(gè)報(bào)文,并且在程序結(jié)束是顯示一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)。PING命令在程序超時(shí)或接收到中斷信號(hào)時(shí)結(jié)束。host參數(shù)可以是有效的主機(jī)名或IP地址。
報(bào)文結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
二、代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)
# encoding:utf-8 import time import struct import socket import select def chesksum(data): n = len(data) m = n % 2 sum = 0 for i in range(0, n - m ,2): sum += (data[i]) + ((data[i+1]) << 8)#傳入data以每?jī)蓚€(gè)字節(jié)(十六進(jìn)制)通過(guò)ord轉(zhuǎn)十進(jìn)制,第一字節(jié)在低位,第二個(gè)字節(jié)在高位 if m: sum += (data[-1]) #將高于16位與低16位相加 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff) sum += (sum >> 16) #如果還有高于16位,將繼續(xù)與低16位相加 answer = ~sum & 0xffff # 主機(jī)字節(jié)序轉(zhuǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)字節(jié)序列(參考小端序轉(zhuǎn)大端序) answer = answer >> 8 | (answer << 8 & 0xff00) return answer def request_ping(data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body): # 把字節(jié)打包成二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù) icmp_packet = struct.pack('>BBHHH32s',data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body) icmp_chesksum = chesksum(icmp_packet) #獲取校驗(yàn)和 # 把校驗(yàn)和傳入,再次打包 icmp_packet = struct.pack('>BBHHH32s',data_type,data_code,icmp_chesksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body) return icmp_packet def raw_socket(dst_addr,icmp_packet): ''' 連接套接字,并將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到套接字 ''' #實(shí)例化一個(gè)socket對(duì)象,ipv4,原套接字,分配協(xié)議端口 rawsocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket.getprotobyname("icmp")) #記錄當(dāng)前請(qǐng)求時(shí)間 send_request_ping_time = time.time() #發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)到網(wǎng)絡(luò) rawsocket.sendto(icmp_packet,(dst_addr,80)) #返回?cái)?shù)據(jù) return send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,dst_addr def reply_ping(send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,data_Sequence,timeout = 2): while True: #開(kāi)始時(shí)間 started_select = time.time() #實(shí)例化select對(duì)象,可讀rawsocket,可寫(xiě)為空,可執(zhí)行為空,超時(shí)時(shí)間 what_ready = select.select([rawsocket], [], [], timeout) #等待時(shí)間 wait_for_time = (time.time() - started_select) #沒(méi)有返回可讀的內(nèi)容,判斷超時(shí) if what_ready[0] == []: # Timeout return -1 #記錄接收時(shí)間 time_received = time.time() #設(shè)置接收的包的字節(jié)為1024 received_packet, addr = rawsocket.recvfrom(1024) #獲取接收包的icmp頭 #print(icmpHeader) icmpHeader = received_packet[20:28] #反轉(zhuǎn)編碼 type, code, checksum, packet_id, sequence = struct.unpack( ">BBHHH", icmpHeader ) if type == 0 and sequence == data_Sequence: return time_received - send_request_ping_time #數(shù)據(jù)包的超時(shí)時(shí)間判斷 timeout = timeout - wait_for_time if timeout <= 0: return -1 def dealtime(dst_addr,sumtime,shorttime,longtime,accept,i,time): sumtime += time print(sumtime) if i == 4: print("{0}的Ping統(tǒng)計(jì)信息:".format(dst_addr)) print("數(shù)據(jù)包:已發(fā)送={0},接收={1},丟失={2}({3}%丟失),\n往返行程的估計(jì)時(shí)間(以毫秒為單位):\n\t最短={4}ms,最長(zhǎng)={5}ms,平均={6}ms".format(i+1,accept,i+1-accept,(i+1-accept)/(i+1)*100,shorttime,longtime,sumtime)) def ping(host): send, accept, lost = 0, 0, 0 sumtime, shorttime, longtime, avgtime = 0, 1000, 0, 0 #TODO icmp數(shù)據(jù)包的構(gòu)建 data_type = 8 # ICMP Echo Request data_code = 0 # must be zero data_checksum = 0 # "...with value 0 substituted for this field..." data_ID = 0 #Identifier data_Sequence = 1 #Sequence number payload_body = b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghi' #data # 將主機(jī)名轉(zhuǎn)ipv4地址格式,返回以ipv4地址格式的字符串,如果主機(jī)名稱是ipv4地址,則它將保持不變 dst_addr = socket.gethostbyname(host) print("正在 Ping {0} [{1}] 具有 32 字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù):".format(host,dst_addr)) for i in range(0,4): send = i + 1 #請(qǐng)求ping數(shù)據(jù)包的二進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換 icmp_packet = request_ping(data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence + i,payload_body) #連接套接字,并將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到套接字 send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,addr = raw_socket(dst_addr,icmp_packet) #數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸時(shí)間 times = reply_ping(send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,data_Sequence + i) if times > 0: print("來(lái)自 {0} 的回復(fù): 字節(jié)=32 時(shí)間={1}ms".format(addr,int(times*1000))) accept += 1 return_time = int(times * 1000) sumtime += return_time if return_time > longtime: longtime = return_time if return_time < shorttime: shorttime = return_time time.sleep(0.7) else: lost += 1 print("請(qǐng)求超時(shí)。") if send == 4: print("{0}的Ping統(tǒng)計(jì)信息:".format(dst_addr)) print("\t數(shù)據(jù)包:已發(fā)送={0},接收={1},丟失={2}({3}%丟失),\n往返行程的估計(jì)時(shí)間(以毫秒為單位):\n\t最短={4}ms,最長(zhǎng)={5}ms,平均={6}ms".format( i + 1, accept, i + 1 - accept, (i + 1 - accept) / (i + 1) * 100, shorttime, longtime, sumtime/send)) if __name__ == "__main__": i = input("請(qǐng)輸入要ping的主機(jī)或域名\n") ping(i)
三、結(jié)果顯示
D:\Miniconda3\python.exe D:/網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議分析與設(shè)計(jì)/實(shí)驗(yàn)/ping/ping.py
請(qǐng)輸入要ping的主機(jī)或域名
www.baidu.com
正在 Ping www.baidu.com [14.215.177.39] 具有 32 字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù):
來(lái)自 14.215.177.39 的回復(fù): 字節(jié)=32 時(shí)間=34ms
來(lái)自 14.215.177.39 的回復(fù): 字節(jié)=32 時(shí)間=26ms
來(lái)自 14.215.177.39 的回復(fù): 字節(jié)=32 時(shí)間=32ms
來(lái)自 14.215.177.39 的回復(fù): 字節(jié)=32 時(shí)間=28ms
14.215.177.39的Ping統(tǒng)計(jì)信息:
數(shù)據(jù)包:已發(fā)送=4,接收=4,丟失=0(0.0%丟失),
往返行程的估計(jì)時(shí)間(以毫秒為單位):
最短=26ms,最長(zhǎng)=34ms,平均=30.0ms
Process finished with exit code 0
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