Android?WindowManager深層理解view繪制實(shí)現(xiàn)流程
前言
又是一年一度的1024程序員節(jié)了,今天不寫(xiě)點(diǎn)什么總感覺(jué)對(duì)不起這個(gè)節(jié)日。想來(lái)想去,就寫(xiě)點(diǎn)關(guān)于View的繪制。本文不會(huì)重點(diǎn)講View繪制三大回調(diào)函數(shù):onMeasure、onLayout、onDraw,而是站在Android framework的角度去分析一下View的繪制。
- View是如何被渲染到屏幕中的?
- ViewRoot、DecorView、Activity、Window、WindowManager是什么關(guān)系?
- View和Surface是什么關(guān)系?
- View和SurfaceFlinger、OpenGL ES是什么關(guān)系?
計(jì)算機(jī)的圖像一般是需要經(jīng)過(guò)底層的圖像引擎輸出GPU需要的數(shù)據(jù)交給GPU,顯示器從GPU從不斷的取出渲染好的數(shù)據(jù)顯示到屏幕上。
熟悉Andriod體系架構(gòu)的人都知道,Android底層渲染圖像的引擎是OpenGL ES/Vulkan。那么View是被誰(shuí)渲染的呢?沒(méi)錯(cuò),View最終也是交給底層渲染引擎的,那么從View到OpenGL ES這中間經(jīng)歷了哪些過(guò)程呢?
setContentView()流程
在Activity的onCreate中我們一般會(huì)通過(guò)setContentView來(lái)給Activity設(shè)置界面布局。這個(gè)時(shí)候,Activity是否開(kāi)始渲染了呢?并沒(méi)有,setContentView只是構(gòu)建整個(gè)DecorView的樹(shù)。
//android.app.Activity public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) { getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID); initWindowDecorActionBar(); }
setContentView是調(diào)用Window的setContentView,而PhoneWindow是Window的唯一實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi):
//com.android.internal.policy.PhoneWindow @Override public void setContentView(int layoutResID) { if (mContentParent == null) { installDecor();//1,安裝DecorView } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) { mContentParent.removeAllViews(); } if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) { final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID, getContext()); transitionTo(newScene); } else { mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);//2,解析layoutResID } mContentParent.requestApplyInsets(); final Callback cb = getCallback(); if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) { cb.onContentChanged(); } mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
1處開(kāi)始安裝DecorView,主要是new一個(gè)DecorView,并找到其中id等于content的布局,通過(guò)mContentParent引用。我們?cè)趚ml的寫(xiě)的布局就是添加到這個(gè)mContentParent容器中。
//com.android.internal.policy.PhoneWindow private void installDecor() { mForceDecorInstall = false; if (mDecor == null) { mDecor = generateDecor(-1);//new一個(gè)DecorView mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS); mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true); if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) { mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable); } } else { mDecor.setWindow(this); } if (mContentParent == null) { mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);//找到id==content的ViewGroup ... }
2處通過(guò)LayoutInflator解析傳入的layoutResID,解析成View并添加到mContentParent中。mContentParent就是我們xml界面的中的id等于content的布局:
綜上分析,setContentView主要完成兩個(gè)功能:
1、構(gòu)建DecorView
2、解析自定義的xml布局文件,添加到DecorView的content中。
所以setContentView還沒(méi)有真正開(kāi)始渲染圖像。
思考:如果我們沒(méi)有調(diào)用setContentView,Activity能正常啟動(dòng)嗎?為什么?
WindowManager.addView流程
Android的所有View都是通過(guò)WindowManager.addView添加到屏幕中的。那么Activity的DecorView是什么時(shí)調(diào)被添加到屏幕中的呢?
答案在ActivityThread
的handleResumeActivity
方法中:
//android.app.ActivityThread @Override public void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean finalStateRequest, boolean isForward, String reason) { ... //執(zhí)行Activity的onResume生命周期 final ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, finalStateRequest, reason); ... if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) { r.window = r.activity.getWindow(); View decor = r.window.getDecorView();//1、調(diào)用了window.getDecorView()方法 decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE); ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager(); WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes(); a.mDecor = decor; l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION; l.softInputMode |= forwardBit; if (r.mPreserveWindow) { a.mWindowAdded = true; r.mPreserveWindow = false; // Normally the ViewRoot sets up callbacks with the Activity // in addView->ViewRootImpl#setView. If we are instead reusing // the decor view we have to notify the view root that the // callbacks may have changed. ViewRootImpl impl = decor.getViewRootImpl(); if (impl != null) { impl.notifyChildRebuilt(); } } if (a.mVisibleFromClient) { if (!a.mWindowAdded) { a.mWindowAdded = true; wm.addView(decor, l);//2、開(kāi)始調(diào)用WindowManager.addView將view添加到屏幕 } else { // The activity will get a callback for this {@link LayoutParams} change // earlier. However, at that time the decor will not be set (this is set // in this method), so no action will be taken. This call ensures the // callback occurs with the decor set. a.onWindowAttributesChanged(l); } } // If the window has already been added, but during resume // we started another activity, then don't yet make the // window visible. } else if (!willBeVisible) { if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Launch " + r + " mStartedActivity set"); r.hideForNow = true; }
wm.addView
才是開(kāi)始DecorView
渲染的入口。而它的觸發(fā)時(shí)機(jī)是在Activity的onResume
生命周期之后,所以說(shuō)onResume之后View才會(huì)顯示在屏幕上,并且渲染完成才可以獲取到View的寬度。
主要看下1處調(diào)用了window的getDecorView()方法:
//com.android.internal.policy.PhoneWindow @Override public final @NonNull View getDecorView() { if (mDecor == null || mForceDecorInstall) { installDecor(); } return mDecor; }
這里可以看出,即使我們沒(méi)有調(diào)用setContentView,DecorView也會(huì)初始化,只是會(huì)顯示空白頁(yè)面。
然后我們重點(diǎn)看下2處的代碼,通過(guò)WindowManager的addView方法將DecorView添加到window中了:wm.addView(decor, l)
繼續(xù)分析addView之前先梳理一下必要的基本知識(shí)。
上面的wm雖然是ViewManager類(lèi)型的,它實(shí)際就是WindowManager。
WindowManager是一個(gè)接口,它繼承自ViewManager。
public interface WindowManager extends ViewManager { ... }
可以看到WindowManager
的實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)是WindowManagerImpl
,后面WindowManager
的功能都是靠WindowManagerImpl
來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
Window是抽象類(lèi),PhoneWindow是它的實(shí)現(xiàn)。WindowManager是Window的成員變量,Window和WindowManager都是在Activity的attach方法中初始化的:
//android.app.Activity final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread, Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident, Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info, CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id, NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances, Configuration config, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor, Window window, ActivityConfigCallback activityConfigCallback, IBinder assistToken) { attachBaseContext(context); mFragments.attachHost(null /*parent*/); mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback);//1,初始化window ...省略無(wú)關(guān)代碼 mWindow.setWindowManager( //2、給window初始化windowManager (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE), mToken, mComponent.flattenToString(), (info.flags & ActivityInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0); if (mParent != null) { mWindow.setContainer(mParent.getWindow()); } mWindowManager = mWindow.getWindowManager();//3、Activity通過(guò)mWindowManager引用window中的WindowManager,兩個(gè)wm是同一個(gè)東西。 mCurrentConfig = config; mWindow.setColorMode(info.colorMode); setAutofillOptions(application.getAutofillOptions()); setContentCaptureOptions(application.getContentCaptureOptions()); }
1處開(kāi)始初始化window,并賦值給Activity的成員變量mWindow
2處給window設(shè)置windowManager
3處Activity通過(guò)mWindowManager引用window中的WindowManager,兩個(gè)wm是同一個(gè)東西。
然后重點(diǎn)看下setWindowManager方法的實(shí)現(xiàn):
//android.view.Window public void setWindowManager(WindowManager wm, IBinder appToken, String appName, boolean hardwareAccelerated) { mAppToken = appToken; mAppName = appName; mHardwareAccelerated = hardwareAccelerated; if (wm == null) { wm = (WindowManager)mContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE); } mWindowManager = ((WindowManagerImpl)wm).createLocalWindowManager(this); }
梳理完基本關(guān)系,再回頭看下wm.addView
過(guò)程。
//android.view.WindowManagerImpl @Override public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) { applyDefaultToken(params); mGlobal.addView(view, params, mContext.getDisplay(), mParentWindow); }
可以看到wm.addView交給了mGolbal對(duì)象。
mGolbal是WindowManagerGlobal類(lèi)型的全局單例:
public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager { @UnsupportedAppUsage private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance(); ...
繼續(xù)看WindowManagerGlobal.addView是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
//android.view.WindowManagerGlobal public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params, Display display, Window parentWindow) { // ...省略無(wú)關(guān)代碼 ViewRootImpl root; View panelParentView = null; // ...省略無(wú)關(guān)代碼 root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display); view.setLayoutParams(wparams); mViews.add(view); mRoots.add(root); mParams.add(wparams); // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things try { root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView); } catch (RuntimeException e) { // BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up. if (index >= 0) { removeViewLocked(index, true); } throw e; } } }
可以看到,這里創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)ViewRootImpl
對(duì)象root,并將view
、root
、wparams
保存到了集合中。最后調(diào)用了ViewRootImpl
的setView方法設(shè)置視圖。
繼續(xù)跟蹤ViewRootImpl
的setView
方法。
//android.view.ViewRootImpl public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView) { synchronized (this) { if (mView == null) { mView = view; //...省略不重要代碼 mAdded = true; int res; /* = WindowManagerImpl.ADD_OKAY; */ // Schedule the first layout -before- adding to the window // manager, to make sure we do the relayout before receiving // any other events from the system. requestLayout(); if ((mWindowAttributes.inputFeatures & WindowManager.LayoutParams.INPUT_FEATURE_NO_INPUT_CHANNEL) == 0) { mInputChannel = new InputChannel(); } mForceDecorViewVisibility = (mWindowAttributes.privateFlags & PRIVATE_FLAG_FORCE_DECOR_VIEW_VISIBILITY) != 0; try { mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type; mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true; collectViewAttributes(); res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes, getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(), mTmpFrame, mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets, mAttachInfo.mOutsets, mAttachInfo.mDisplayCutout, mInputChannel, mTempInsets); setFrame(mTmpFrame); } catch (RemoteException e) { mAdded = false; mView = null; mAttachInfo.mRootView = null; mInputChannel = null; mFallbackEventHandler.setView(null); unscheduleTraversals(); setAccessibilityFocus(null, null); throw new RuntimeException("Adding window failed", e); } finally { if (restore) { attrs.restore(); } } //...省略不重要代碼 if (view instanceof RootViewSurfaceTaker) { mInputQueueCallback = ((RootViewSurfaceTaker)view).willYouTakeTheInputQueue(); } if (mInputChannel != null) { if (mInputQueueCallback != null) { mInputQueue = new InputQueue(); mInputQueueCallback.onInputQueueCreated(mInputQueue); } mInputEventReceiver = new WindowInputEventReceiver(mInputChannel, Looper.myLooper()); } view.assignParent(this); //...省略不重要代碼 } } }
WMS是Android窗口管理系統(tǒng),在將View樹(shù)注冊(cè)到WMS之前,必須先執(zhí)行一次layout,WMS除了窗口管理之外,還負(fù)責(zé)各種事件的派發(fā),所以在向WMS注冊(cè)前app在確保這棵view樹(shù)做好了接收事件準(zhǔn)備。
ViewRoot起到中介的作用,它是View樹(shù)的管理者,同時(shí)也兼任與WMS通信的功能。
mWindowSession.addToDisplay將View的渲染交給了WindowManagerService。
mWindowSession是IWindowSession類(lèi)型的變量,在服務(wù)端的實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)是Session.java,它是一個(gè)Binder對(duì)象。
@UnsupportedAppUsage public static IWindowSession getWindowSession() { synchronized (WindowManagerGlobal.class) { if (sWindowSession == null) { try { // Emulate the legacy behavior. The global instance of InputMethodManager // was instantiated here. // TODO(b/116157766): Remove this hack after cleaning up @UnsupportedAppUsage InputMethodManager.ensureDefaultInstanceForDefaultDisplayIfNecessary(); IWindowManager windowManager = getWindowManagerService(); sWindowSession = windowManager.openSession( new IWindowSessionCallback.Stub() { @Override public void onAnimatorScaleChanged(float scale) { ValueAnimator.setDurationScale(scale); } }); } catch (RemoteException e) { throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer(); } } return sWindowSession; } }
@Override public int addToDisplay(IWindow window, int seq, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, int viewVisibility, int displayId, Rect outContentInsets, Rect outStableInsets, Rect outOutsets, InputChannel outInputChannel) { return mService.addWindow(this, window, seq, attrs, viewVisibility, displayId, outContentInsets, outStableInsets, outOutsets, outInputChannel); }
可以看到最終是通過(guò)WindowManagerService
完成了Window的添加。
到此這篇關(guān)于Android WindowManager深層理解view繪制實(shí)現(xiàn)流程的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Android view繪制內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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