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Python運(yùn)算符教程之邏輯門詳解

更新時間：2022年09月18日 10:21:50 作者：海擁

邏輯門是任何數(shù)字電路的基本構(gòu)建塊。它需要一兩個輸入并根據(jù)這些輸入產(chǎn)生輸出。本文將通過示例和大家講講Python中的7個基本邏輯門，感興趣的可以了解一下

邏輯門是任何數(shù)字電路的基本構(gòu)建塊。它需要一兩個輸入并根據(jù)這些輸入產(chǎn)生輸出。輸出可能為高 (1) 或低 (0)。邏輯門使用二極管或晶體管實現(xiàn)。它也可以使用真空管、光學(xué)元件、分子等電磁元件構(gòu)成。在計算機(jī)中，大多數(shù)電子電路都是由邏輯門組成的。邏輯門用于執(zhí)行計算、數(shù)據(jù)存儲或展示面向?qū)ο缶幊蹋ㄓ绕涫抢^承的力量）的電路。

定義了七個基本邏輯門：與門、或門、非門、與非門、或非門、異或門、異或門。

1. 與門

如果兩個輸入都為 1，與門的輸出為 1，否則為 0。

# 說明與門工作的 Python3 程序

def AND (a, b):

	if a == 1 and b == 1:
		return True
	else:
		return False

# 驅(qū)動程序代碼
if __name__=='__main__':
	print(AND(1, 1))

	print("+---------------+----------------+")
	print(" | AND Truth Table | Result |")
	print(" A = False, B = False | A AND B =",AND(False,False)," | ")
	print(" A = False, B = True | A AND B =",AND(False,True)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = False | A AND B =",AND(True,False)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = True | A AND B =",AND(True,True)," | ")

輸出：

True
+---------------+----------------
| AND Truth Table | Result |
A = False, B = False | A AND B = False |
A = False, B = True | A AND B = False |
A = True, B = False | A AND B = False |
A = True, B = True | A AND B = True |

2. 與非門

如果兩個輸入都是 1，與非門（取反）輸出 0，否則輸出 1。

# 說明與非門工作的Python3程序

def NAND (a, b):
	if a == 1 and b == 1:
		return False
	else:
		return True

# 驅(qū)動程序代碼
if __name__=='__main__':
	print(NAND(1, 0))

	print("+---------------+----------------+")
	print(" | NAND Truth Table | Result |")
	print(" A = False, B = False | A AND B =",NAND(False,False)," | ")
	print(" A = False, B = True | A AND B =",NAND(False,True)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = False | A AND B =",NAND(True,False)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = True | A AND B =",NAND(True,True)," | ")

輸出：

True
+---------------+----------------
| NAND Truth Table | Result |
A = False, B = False | A AND B = True |
A = False, B = True | A AND B = True |
A = True, B = False | A AND B = True |
A = True, B = True | A AND B = False |

3. 或門

如果兩個輸入中的任何一個為 1，或門的輸出為 1，否則為 0。

# Python3 程序來說明或門的工作

def OR(a, b):
	if a == 1 or b ==1:
		return True
	else:
		return False

# 驅(qū)動程序代碼
if __name__=='__main__':
	print(OR(0, 0))

	print("+---------------+----------------+")
	print(" | OR Truth Table | Result |")
	print(" A = False, B = False | A OR B =",OR(False,False)," | ")
	print(" A = False, B = True | A OR B =",OR(False,True)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = False | A OR B =",OR(True,False)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = True | A OR B =",OR(True,True)," | ")

輸出：

False
+---------------+----------------+
| OR Truth Table | Result |
A = False, B = False | A OR B = False |
A = False, B = True | A OR B = True |
A = True, B = False | A OR B = True |
A = True, B = True | A OR B = True |

4. 異或

門如果輸入中的任何一個不同，異或門的輸出為 1，如果它們相同，則輸出為 0。

# 說明異或門工作的 Python3 程序

def XOR (a, b):
	if a != b:
		return 1
	else:
		return 0

# 驅(qū)動程序代碼
if __name__=='__main__':
	print(XOR(5, 5))

	print("+---------------+----------------+")
	print(" | XOR Truth Table | Result |")
	print(" A = False, B = False | A XOR B =",XOR(False,False)," | ")
	print(" A = False, B = True | A XOR B =",XOR(False,True)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = False | A XOR B =",XOR(True,False)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = True | A XOR B =",XOR(True,True)," | ")

輸出：

0
+---------------+----------------+
| XOR Truth Table | Result |
A = False, B = False | A XOR B = 0 |
A = False, B = True | A XOR B = 1 |
A = True, B = False | A XOR B = 1 |
A = True, B = True | A XOR B = 0 |

5. NOT Gate

它作為一個反相器。它只需要一個輸入。如果輸入為 1，它會將結(jié)果反轉(zhuǎn)為 0，反之亦然。

# Python3 程序來說明非門的工作原理

def NOT(a):
	return not a
# 驅(qū)動程序代碼
if __name__=='__main__':
	print(NOT(0))

	print("+---------------+----------------+")
	print(" | NOT Truth Table | Result |")
	print(" A = False | A NOT =",NOT(False)," | ")
	print(" A = True, | A NOT =",NOT(True)," | ")

輸出：

1
+---------------+----------------+
| NOT Truth Table | Result |
A = False | A NOT = 1 |
A = True, | A NOT = 0 |

6. NOR 門

NOR 門（取反的 OR）如果兩個輸入都為 0，則輸出為 1，否則為 0。

# Python3程序來說明或非門的工作

def NOR(a, b):
	if(a == 0) and (b == 0):
		return 1
	elif(a == 0) and (b == 1):
		return 0
	elif(a == 1) and (b == 0):
		return 0
	elif(a == 1) and (b == 1):
		return 0

# 驅(qū)動程序代碼
if __name__=='__main__':
	print(NOR(0, 0))

	print("+---------------+----------------+")
	print(" | NOR Truth Table | Result |")
	print(" A = False, B = False | A NOR B =",NOR(False,False)," | ")
	print(" A = False, B = True | A NOR B =",NOR(False,True)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = False | A NOR B =",NOR(True,False)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = True | A NOR B =",NOR(True,True)," | ")

輸出：

1
+---------------+----------------+
| NOT Truth Table | Result |
A = False | A NOT = 1 |
A = True, | A NOT = 0 |

7. XNOR 門

XNOR 門（取反的 XOR）輸出 1，兩個輸入相同，如果兩者不同，則輸出 0。

# Python3 程序來說明非門的工作原理
def XNOR(a,b):
	if(a == b):
		return 1
	else:
		return 0
# 驅(qū)動程序代碼
if __name__=='__main__':
	print(XNOR(1,1))

	print("+---------------+----------------+")
	print(" | XNOR Truth Table | Result |")
	print(" A = False, B = False | A XNOR B =",XNOR(False,False)," | ")
	print(" A = False, B = True | A XNOR B =",XNOR(False,True)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = False | A XNOR B =",XNOR(True,False)," | ")
	print(" A = True, B = True | A XNOR B =",XNOR(True,True)," | ")

輸出：

1
+---------------+----------------+
| XNOR Truth Table | Result |
A = False, B = False | A XNOR B = 1 |
A = False, B = True | A XNOR B = 0 |
A = True, B = False | A XNOR B = 0 |
A = True, B = True | A XNOR B = 1 |

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