from dbutils.pooled_db import PooledDB
import pymysql
POOL = PooledDB(
    creator=pymysql,  	# 使用鏈接數(shù)據(jù)庫的模塊
    maxconnections=6,  	# 連接池允許的最大連接數(shù)，0和None表示不限制連接數(shù)
    mincached=2,  		# 初始化時，鏈接池中至少創(chuàng)建的空閑的鏈接，0表示不創(chuàng)建
    maxcached=5,  		# 鏈接池中最多閑置的鏈接，0和None不限制
    maxshared=3,		# 鏈接池中最多共享的鏈接數(shù)量，0和None表示全部共享。PS: 無用，因?yàn)閜ymysql和MySQLdb等模塊的threadsafety都為1，所有值無論設(shè)置為多少，_maxcached永遠(yuǎn)為0，所以永遠(yuǎn)是所有鏈接都共享。
    blocking=True,  	# 連接池中如果沒有可用連接后，是否阻塞等待。True，等待；False，不等待然后報(bào)錯
    maxusage=None,  	# 一個鏈接最多被重復(fù)使用的次數(shù)，None表示無限制
    setsession=[],  	# 開始會話前執(zhí)行的命令列表。
    ping=0,				# ping MySQL服務(wù)端，檢查是否服務(wù)可用。
    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=3306,
    user='？？？',
    password='？？？',
    database='？？？',
    charset='utf8'
)

from flask import Flask
# 導(dǎo)入類對象
from pool import POOL
import pymysql
app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = True
# 定義在外面，全局conn，cursor會出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)錯亂，正常情況應(yīng)該放在視圖函數(shù)內(nèi)部建立鏈接，但是會影響
# 性能，所以需要建立數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池，限制連接的數(shù)量
# conn = pymysql.connect(
# 	host='127.0.0.1', 
# 	port=3306, 
# 	database='數(shù)據(jù)庫', 
# 	user='用戶', 
# 	password='密碼'
# )
# cursor = conn.cursor()
@app.route('/user')
def user():
    # 從池中拿鏈接，創(chuàng)建出cursor對象
    conn = POOL.connection()
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute('select * from index_user')
    print(cursor.fetchall())
    # 并未關(guān)閉連接，只是將連接重新放回池子
    conn.close()
    return 'hello'
@app.route('/username')
def username():
	# 該方式對數(shù)據(jù)庫的連接會一直增加，有可能造成數(shù)據(jù)壓力過大
    conn = pymysql.connect(
    	host='127.0.0.1', 
    	port=3306, 
    	database='???', 
    	user='???', 
    	password='???')
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute('select username from index_user')
    print(cursor.fetchall())
    return 'hello'
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

from flask import Flask,request,render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets
class LoginForm(Form):
    # 字段（內(nèi)部包含正則表達(dá)式）
    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用戶名',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='用戶名不能為空.'),
            validators.Length(min=6, max=18, message='用戶名長度必須大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),  # 頁面上顯示的插件
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )
    # 字段（內(nèi)部包含正則表達(dá)式）
    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密碼',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密碼不能為空.'),
            validators.Length(min=8, message='用戶名長度必須大于%(min)d'),
            validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d$@$!%*?&]{8,}",
                              message='密碼至少8個字符，至少1個大寫字母，1個小寫字母，1個數(shù)字和1個特殊字符')
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )
class RegisterForm(Form):
    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用戶名',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired()
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'},
        default='alex'
    )
    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密碼',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密碼不能為空.')
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )
    pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField(
        label='重復(fù)密碼',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='重復(fù)密碼不能為空.'),
            validators.EqualTo('pwd', message="兩次密碼輸入不一致")
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )
    email = html5.EmailField(
        label='郵箱',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='郵箱不能為空.'),
            validators.Email(message='郵箱格式錯誤')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )
    gender = core.RadioField(
        label='性別',
        choices=(
            (1, '男'),
            (2, '女'),
        ),
        coerce=int # “1” “2”
     )
    city = core.SelectField(
        label='城市',
        choices=(
            ('bj', '北京'),
            ('sh', '上海'),
        )
    )
    hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='愛好',
        choices=(
            (1, '籃球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        coerce=int
    )
    favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='喜好',
        choices=(
            (1, '籃球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),
        option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(),
        coerce=int,
        default=[1, 2]
    )
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.favor.choices = ((1, '籃球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球'))
    def validate_pwd_confirm(self, field):
        """
        自定義pwd_confirm字段規(guī)則，例：與pwd字段是否一致
        :param field:
        :return:
        """
        # 最開始初始化時，self.data中已經(jīng)有所有的值
        if field.data != self.data['pwd']:
            # raise validators.ValidationError("密碼不一致") # 繼續(xù)后續(xù)驗(yàn)證
            raise validators.StopValidation("密碼不一致")  # 不再繼續(xù)后續(xù)驗(yàn)證
@app.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = LoginForm()
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)
    else:
        form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print('用戶提交數(shù)據(jù)通過格式驗(yàn)證，提交的值為：', form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)
@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 2,'hobby':[1,]}) # initial
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)
    else:
        form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print('用戶提交數(shù)據(jù)通過格式驗(yàn)證，提交的值為：', form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登錄</h1>
<form method="post">
    <p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p>

    <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用戶注冊</h1>
<form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0  50px">
    {% for field in form %}
    <p>{{field.label}}: {{field}} {{field.errors[0] }}</p>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

from flask import Flask, render_template
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = True
# 第一步：編寫需要執(zhí)行的函數(shù)
def render_before(*args, **kwargs):
    print(args)
    print(kwargs)
    print('模板渲染前執(zhí)行')
# 第二步：綁定信號
signals.before_render_template.connect(render_before)	# 模板渲染前執(zhí)行
# 第三步：自動觸發(fā)信號
@app.route('/home')
def home():
    return render_template('home.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

from flask import Flask
from flask.signals import _signals
app = Flask(import_name=__name__)
# 第一步：自定義信號
x = _signals.signal('x')
# 第二步：編寫函數(shù)
def func(sender, *args, **kwargs):
    print(sender)
    print(args)
    print(kwargs)
# 第三步：自定義信號中注冊函數(shù)
x.connect(func)
@app.route("/index")
def index():
    # 第四步：觸發(fā)信號
    x.send('123123', k1='v1')
    return 'Index'
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

from flask import Flask
from werkzeug.middleware.dispatcher import DispatcherMiddleware
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
# 創(chuàng)建多個 app
app1 = Flask('app01')
app2 = Flask('app02')
# 第一個 app 的根路徑
@app1.route('/')
def home():
    return "app1"
# 第二個 app 的根路徑
@app2.route('/')
def sec():
    return "app2"
# 訪問 /sec 才是訪問第二個 app 的根路徑
dm = DispatcherMiddleware(app1, {
    '/sec': app2,
})
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 請求來了，會執(zhí)行 dm()，觸發(fā)DispatcherMiddleware的__call__
    run_simple('localhost', 5000, dm)

from flask_script import Manager
app = Flask(__name__)
manager=Manager(app)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    manager.run()
# 以后在執(zhí)行，直接：python3 manage.py runserver
# python3 manage.py runserver --help

from flask import Flask
from flask_script import Manager
app = Flask('__name__')
# 基本使用，多了runserver命令
manager = Manager(app)
@manager.command
def dbinit():
    """
    python manage.py dbinit
    """
    print("數(shù)據(jù)庫初始化完成")
@manager.option('-n', '--name', dest='name')
@manager.option('-a', '--age', dest='age')
def user(name, age):
    """
    自定義命令（-n也可以寫成--name）
    執(zhí)行： python manage.py  user -n xwx -a 12
    執(zhí)行： python manage.py  user --name xwx --age 12
    """
    print(name, age)
@app.route('/index')
def index():
    return "index"
if __name__ == "__main__":
    manager.run()