Python接口自動(dòng)化之request請(qǐng)求封裝源碼分析
前言:
我們?cè)谧鲎詣?dòng)化測(cè)試的時(shí)候,大家都是希望自己寫(xiě)的代碼越簡(jiǎn)潔越好,代碼重復(fù)量越少越好。那么,我們可以考慮將request的請(qǐng)求類(lèi)型(如:Get、Post、Delect請(qǐng)求)都封裝起來(lái)。這樣,我們?cè)诰帉?xiě)用例的時(shí)候就可以直接進(jìn)行請(qǐng)求了。
1. 源碼分析
我們先來(lái)看一下Get、Post、Delect等請(qǐng)求的源碼,看一下它們都有什么特點(diǎn)。
(1)Get請(qǐng)求源碼
def get(self, url, **kwargs): r"""Sends a GET request. Returns :class:`Response` object. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :rtype: requests.Response """ kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True) return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
(2)Post請(qǐng)求源碼
def post(self, url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs): r"""Sends a POST request. Returns :class:`Response` object. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :rtype: requests.Response """ return self.request('POST', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
(3)Delect請(qǐng)求源碼
def delete(self, url, **kwargs): r"""Sends a DELETE request. Returns :class:`Response` object. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. :rtype: requests.Response """ return self.request('DELETE', url, **kwargs)
(4)分析結(jié)果
我們發(fā)現(xiàn),不管是Get請(qǐng)求、還是Post請(qǐng)求或者是Delect請(qǐng)求,它們到最后返回的都是request函數(shù)。那么,我們?cè)偃タ匆豢磖equest函數(shù)的源碼。
def request(self, method, url, params=None, data=None, headers=None, cookies=None, files=None, auth=None, timeout=None, allow_redirects=True, proxies=None, hooks=None, stream=None, verify=None, cert=None, json=None): """Constructs a :class:`Request <Request>`, prepares it and sends it. Returns :class:`Response <Response>` object. :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`. :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`. :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'filename': file-like-objects`` for multipart encoding upload. :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple or callable to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth. :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. :type timeout: float or tuple :param allow_redirects: (optional) Set to True by default. :type allow_redirects: bool :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and hostname to the URL of the proxy. :param stream: (optional) whether to immediately download the response content. Defaults to ``False``. :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``. :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair. :rtype: requests.Response """ # Create the Request. req = Request( method=method.upper(), url=url, headers=headers, files=files, data=data or {}, json=json, params=params or {}, auth=auth, cookies=cookies, hooks=hooks, ) prep = self.prepare_request(req) proxies = proxies or {} settings = self.merge_environment_settings( prep.url, proxies, stream, verify, cert ) # Send the request. send_kwargs = { 'timeout': timeout, 'allow_redirects': allow_redirects, } send_kwargs.update(settings) resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) return resp
從request源碼可以看出,它先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Request,然后將傳過(guò)來(lái)的所有參數(shù)放在里面,再接著調(diào)用self.send(),并將Request傳過(guò)去。這里我們將不在分析后面的send等方法的源碼了,有興趣的同學(xué)可以自行了解。
分析完源碼之后發(fā)現(xiàn),我們可以不需要單獨(dú)在一個(gè)類(lèi)中去定義Get、Post等其他方法,然后在單獨(dú)調(diào)用request。其實(shí),我們直接調(diào)用request即可。
2. requests請(qǐng)求封裝
代碼示例:
import requests class RequestMain: def __init__(self): """ session管理器 requests.session(): 維持會(huì)話(huà),跨請(qǐng)求的時(shí)候保存參數(shù) """ # 實(shí)例化session self.session = requests.session() def request_main(self, method, url, params=None, data=None, json=None, headers=None, **kwargs): """ :param method: 請(qǐng)求方式 :param url: 請(qǐng)求地址 :param params: 字典或bytes,作為參數(shù)增加到url中 :param data: data類(lèi)型傳參,字典、字節(jié)序列或文件對(duì)象,作為Request的內(nèi)容 :param json: json傳參,作為Request的內(nèi)容 :param headers: 請(qǐng)求頭,字典 :param kwargs: 若還有其他的參數(shù),使用可變參數(shù)字典形式進(jìn)行傳遞 :return: """ # 對(duì)異常進(jìn)行捕獲 try: """ 封裝request請(qǐng)求,將請(qǐng)求方法、請(qǐng)求地址,請(qǐng)求參數(shù)、請(qǐng)求頭等信息入?yún)ⅰ? 注 :verify: True/False,默認(rèn)為T(mén)rue,認(rèn)證SSL證書(shū)開(kāi)關(guān);cert: 本地SSL證書(shū)。如果不需要ssl認(rèn)證,可將這兩個(gè)入?yún)⑷サ? """ re_data = self.session.request(method, url, params=params, data=data, json=json, headers=headers, cert=(client_crt, client_key), verify=False, **kwargs) # 異常處理 報(bào)錯(cuò)顯示具體信息 except Exception as e: # 打印異常 print("請(qǐng)求失?。簕0}".format(e)) # 返回響應(yīng)結(jié)果 return re_data if __name__ == '__main__': # 請(qǐng)求地址 url = '請(qǐng)求地址' # 請(qǐng)求參數(shù) payload = {"請(qǐng)求參數(shù)"} # 請(qǐng)求頭 header = {"headers"} # 實(shí)例化 RequestMain() re = RequestMain() # 調(diào)用request_main,并將參數(shù)傳過(guò)去 request_data = re.request_main("請(qǐng)求方式", url, json=payload, headers=header) # 打印響應(yīng)結(jié)果 print(request_data.text)
注 :如果你調(diào)的接口不需要SSL認(rèn)證,可將cert與verify兩個(gè)參數(shù)去掉。
3. 總結(jié)
本文簡(jiǎn)單的介紹了Python接口自動(dòng)化之request請(qǐng)求封裝
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