JS+Canvas實現(xiàn)自定義頭像功能

更新時間：2022年06月13日 15:04:19 作者：ryyyyy

本文主要為大家詳細介紹了如何利用JS+Canvas實現(xiàn)自定義頭像功能，文中的示例代碼講解詳細，對我們學習有一定的幫助，感興趣的小伙伴可以了解一下

寫在最前

前兩天老大跟我說老虎官網(wǎng)上那個自定義頭像的功能是flash實現(xiàn)的，沒有安裝過的還得手動去“允許”falsh的運行。所以讓我用canvas實現(xiàn)一個一樣的功能，嘿嘿，剛好最近也在研究canvas，所以欣然答應（其實，你沒研究過難道就不答應么，哈哈哈哈哈~）

成果展示

Git地址

https://github.com/ry928330/portraitDIY.git

功能說明

拖拽左側(cè)小方框，或者是鼠標放在小方框右下角，點擊拉伸方框，方框覆蓋部分的圖片被自動截取下來，然后再在右側(cè)的多個容器里面重繪。

輸入寬高，自定義你需要訂制的頭像大小，目前只支持寬高相同的頭像圖片。

實現(xiàn)細節(jié)

因為你要對圖片所在的區(qū)域進行截圖，所以你得制作一張canvas，蓋在圖片所在的區(qū)域。這里，我們給出了一個函數(shù)，根據(jù)傳入的DOM里面元素的類名創(chuàng)建相同位置的canvas，蓋在原來的DOM元素上面：

function createCanvasByClassName(tag) {
    var canvasInitialWidth = $('.' + tag).width();
    var canvasInitialHeight = $('.' + tag).height();
    var left = $('.' + tag).offset().left - $('.' + tag).parent('.portraitContainer').offset().left + 1;
    var top = $('.' + tag).offset().top - $('.' + tag).parent('.portraitContainer').offset().top + 1;
    //var left = $('.' + tag).offset().left + 1;
    //var top = $('.' + tag).offset().top + 1;
    clearCanvasObj.left = $('.' + tag).offset().left + 1;
    clearCanvasObj.top = $('.' + tag).offset().top + 1;
    // clearCanvasObj.left = left;
    // clearCanvasObj.top = top;
    var canvasElement = $('<canvas></canvas>');
    var randomNum = Math.floor(getRandom(0, 10000));
    clearCanvasObj.canvasId = randomNum;
    canvasElement.attr({
        id: 'canvas',
        width: canvasInitialWidth,
        height: canvasInitialHeight
    });
    canvasElement.css({
        position: 'absolute',
        top: top, 
        left: left
    });
    //$('body').append(canvasElement);
    var appendEle = $('.portraitContainer').append(canvasElement);
    var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
    var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
    //ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(211,211,216,0.5)";
    ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvasInitialWidth, canvasInitialHeight);
    ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0, 0.4)";
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvasInitialWidth, canvasInitialHeight);
    return canvas;
}

有了這張canvas你就可以在你圖片所在區(qū)域肆意的操作了。首先，降整個區(qū)域畫上一個淺黑色的陰影，然后再擦除初始小方框區(qū)域里面的顏色。然后給整個頁面添加mousedown，mousemove，mouseup事件，他們所做的功能就跟你在頁面中實現(xiàn)一個拖拽的功能類似，這里重點說下mousemove里面做的操作，代碼如下：

function mousemoveFunc(event) {
    /* Act on the event */
    var nowMouseX = event.clientX - clearCanvasObj.left;
    var nowMouseY = event.clientY - clearCanvasObj.top;
    if (nowMouseX >= clearCanvasObj.xStart && nowMouseX <= clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width && nowMouseY >= clearCanvasObj.yStart && nowMouseY <= clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height) {
        clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea = true;
        //clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner = false;
        imgContainerCanvas.style.cursor = 'move';
    } else if ((nowMouseX >= clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width - 10) && (nowMouseX <= clearCanvasObj.xStart+ clearCanvasObj.width + 10) 
        && (nowMouseY >= clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height - 10) && (nowMouseY <= clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height + 10)) {
        clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea = true;
        //clearCanvasObj.beginDraw = false;

        imgContainerCanvas.style.cursor = 'se-resize';
    } 
    else {
        clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea = false;
        //clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner = false;
        imgContainerCanvas.style.cursor = 'default';
    }
    var outerDomWidth = $(".imgContainer").width();
    var outerDomHeight = $(".imgContainer").height();
    var xDistance = event.clientX - clearCanvasObj.mouseX;
    var yDistance = event.clientY - clearCanvasObj.mouseY;
    //var outerCTX = canvas.getContext('2d');
    //移動小方框
    if (clearCanvasObj.beginDraw && clearCanvasObj.isCanvasArea && !clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner) {
        ry_CTX.fillStyle = clearCanvasObj.color;
        // console.log('1', clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart)
        ry_CTX.fillRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
        //outerCTX.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
        clearCanvasObj.xStart += xDistance;
        clearCanvasObj.yStart += yDistance;

        //判斷方框是否達到邊界
        if (clearCanvasObj.xStart <= 0) {
            clearCanvasObj.xStart = 0;
        }
        if (clearCanvasObj.yStart <= 0) {
            clearCanvasObj.yStart = 0;
        }
        if ((clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width) >= outerDomWidth) {
            clearCanvasObj.xStart = outerDomWidth - clearCanvasObj.width;
        }
        if ((clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height) >= outerDomHeight) {
            clearCanvasObj.yStart = outerDomHeight - clearCanvasObj.height;
        }
        // console.log('2', clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart)
        ry_CTX.clearRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
        produceSmallPic(clearCanvasObj.xStart+clearCanvasObj.left, clearCanvasObj.yStart+clearCanvasObj.top, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height, imageURL)
        clearCanvasObj.mouseX = event.clientX;
        clearCanvasObj.mouseY = event.clientY;
    }
    //拖拽小方框
    if (clearCanvasObj.isRightCorner) {
        ry_CTX.fillStyle = clearCanvasObj.color;
        ry_CTX.fillRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
        var realDistance = Math.min(xDistance, yDistance)
        clearCanvasObj.width +=  realDistance;
        clearCanvasObj.height += realDistance;
        //拖動時邊界條件的判斷
        if (clearCanvasObj.xStart + clearCanvasObj.width >= outerDomWidth) {
            clearCanvasObj.width = outerDomWidth - clearCanvasObj.xStart;
            clearCanvasObj.height = outerDomWidth - clearCanvasObj.xStart;
        }
        if (clearCanvasObj.yStart + clearCanvasObj.height >= outerDomHeight) {
            clearCanvasObj.width = outerDomHeight - clearCanvasObj.yStart;
            clearCanvasObj.height = outerDomHeight - clearCanvasObj.yStart;
        }
        if (clearCanvasObj.width <= 10) {
            clearCanvasObj.width = 10;
        }
        if (clearCanvasObj.height <= 10) {
            clearCanvasObj.height = 10;
        }
        ry_CTX.clearRect(clearCanvasObj.xStart, clearCanvasObj.yStart, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height);
        produceSmallPic(clearCanvasObj.xStart+clearCanvasObj.left, clearCanvasObj.yStart+clearCanvasObj.top, clearCanvasObj.width, clearCanvasObj.height, imageURL);
        clearCanvasObj.mouseX = event.clientX;
        clearCanvasObj.mouseY = event.clientY;
    }                            
}

函數(shù)里面，你需要注意拖拽的邊界條件，一個是方框不能拖到圖片所在DOM外的邊界；另外一個就是當你鼠標放在小方框所在的區(qū)域改變鼠標的樣式。方框在拖動的過程中，我們不斷重繪方框移動的區(qū)域（也就是不斷的畫上陰影），然后在新的位置調(diào)用clearRect函數(shù)，重新擦出一個小方框出來。在拖拽或是拉伸的過程中，我們會不斷調(diào)用produceSmallPic函數(shù)，在右邊的容器（每個容器都是一個canvas）里面不斷根據(jù)容器大小重繪出所需的頭像。代碼如下：

function produceSmallPic(imageURL,left, top, width, height) {
    var img = new Image();
    img.src = imageURL;
    var targetCtx = new Array();
    var targetCanvas = null;
    img.onload = function() {
        portraitGroupsArr.forEach(function(item, index) {
            targetCanvas = document.getElementById(item.class);
            targetCtx.push(targetCanvas.getContext('2d'));
            targetCtx[index].clearRect(0,0, item.width, item.height);
            targetCtx[index].drawImage(img, left - clearCanvasObj.left, top - clearCanvasObj.top, width, height, 0, 0 , item.width, item.height);
        })
    }
}

我們說下這個函數(shù)的作用，這里我們要注意一個參數(shù)imageURL，這個URL是由圖片所在的DOM轉(zhuǎn)化來的。因為你要把DOM所在的區(qū)域變成一張圖片，這樣你才能在利用drawImage函數(shù)截取你所需要的區(qū)域。所以我們先利用html2canvas庫函數(shù)講圖片所在的DOM轉(zhuǎn)化為canvas，這張canvas的內(nèi)容是包含你所要截取的圖片的，然后把這張canvas轉(zhuǎn)化為圖片取得圖片地址imageURL，代碼如下：

html2canvas(document.getElementById('imgContainer'), {
        onrendered: function(canvas) {
            var imageURL = canvasTransToImage(canavs);
            ...
        }

})
function canvasTransToImage(canvas) {
    var imageURL = canvas.toDataURL('image/png');
    return imageURL;
}

接著，你就可以便利右側(cè)的canvas容器，講圖片重回到里面了，整個過程就這樣結(jié)束，回頭看來是不是很簡單。