Pytest如何使用mark的方法
更新時間：2022年05月15日 09:27:46 作者：Redrose2100
本文主要介紹了Pytest如何使用mark的方法，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學習學習吧
一、常見的內(nèi)置markers
- usefixtures - 為測試函數(shù)或者測試類知名使用那些fixture
- filterwarnings - 為一個測試函數(shù)過濾一個指定的告警
- skip - 跳過一個測試函數(shù)
- skipif - 如果滿足條件就跳過測試函數(shù)
- xfail - 標記用例失敗
- parametrize - 參數(shù)化
二、查看所有markers
如下，可以查看到當前環(huán)境中的所有markers
$ pytest --markers
@pytest.mark.forked: Always fork for this test.
@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=1, reruns_delay=0): mark test to re-run up to 'reruns' times. Add a delay of 'reruns_delay' seconds between re-runs.
@pytest.mark.hypothesis: Tests which use hypothesis.
@pytest.mark.allure_label: allure label marker
@pytest.mark.allure_link: allure link marker
@pytest.mark.allure_description: allure description
@pytest.mark.allure_description_html: allure description html
@pytest.mark.filterwarnings(warning): add a warning filter to the given test. see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/warnings.html#pytest-mark-filterwarnings
@pytest.mark.skip(reason=None): skip the given test function with an optional reason. Example: skip(reason="no way of currently testing this") skips the test.
@pytest.mark.skipif(condition, ..., *, reason=...): skip the given test function if any of the conditions evaluate to True. Example: skipif(sys.platform == 'win32') skip
s the test if we are on the win32 platform. See https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/reference.html#pytest-mark-skipif
@pytest.mark.xfail(condition, ..., *, reason=..., run=True, raises=None, strict=xfail_strict): mark the test function as an expected failure if any of the conditions eva
luate to True. Optionally specify a reason for better reporting and run=False if you don't even want to execute the test function. If only specific exception(s) are expe
cted, you can list them in raises, and if the test fails in other ways, it will be reported as a true failure. See https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/reference.html#pytes
t-mark-xfail
@pytest.mark.parametrize(argnames, argvalues): call a test function multiple times passing in different arguments in turn. argvalues generally needs to be a list of valu
es if argnames specifies only one name or a list of tuples of values if argnames specifies multiple names. Example: @parametrize('arg1', [1,2]) would lead to two calls o
f the decorated test function, one with arg1=1 and another with arg1=2.see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/parametrize.html for more info and examples.
@pytest.mark.usefixtures(fixturename1, fixturename2, ...): mark tests as needing all of the specified fixtures. see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/fixture.html#usefix
tures
@pytest.mark.tryfirst: mark a hook implementation function such that the plugin machinery will try to call it first/as early as possible.
@pytest.mark.trylast: mark a hook implementation function such that the plugin machinery will try to call it last/as late as possible.三、注冊自定義marks
方式一：在pytest.ini中按照如下格式聲明即可，冒號之前為注冊的mark名稱，冒號之后為此mark的說明
[pytest]
markers =
smoke: smoke tests
test: system tests此時test_demo.py代碼如下
import pytest
@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_func():
assert 1==1
@pytest.mark.test
def test_func2():
assert 1==1
def test_func3():
assert 1==1使用pytest -m smoke執(zhí)行結果如下，發(fā)現(xiàn)此時即只執(zhí)行了標記為smoke的一個用例，這就是和自定義mark的使用方法
$ pytest -m smoke ========================================================================= test session starts ========================================================================== platform win32 -- Python 3.9.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0 rootdir: D:\src\blog\tests, configfile: pytest.ini plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, caterpillar-pytest-0.0.2, hypothesis-6.31.6, forked-1.3.0, rerunfailures-10.1, xdist-2.3.0 collected 3 items / 2 deselected / 1 selected test_demo.py . [100%] =================================================================== 1 passed, 2 deselected in 0.04s ====================================================================
方式二：在conftest.py文件中重寫pytest_configure函數(shù)即可，比如如下，注冊兩個mark：smoke和test
def pytest_configure(config):
config.addinivalue_line(
"markers", "smoke: smoke test"
)
config.addinivalue_line(
"markers", "test: system test"
)test_demo.py代碼如下：
import pytest
@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_func():
assert 1==1
@pytest.mark.test
def test_func2():
assert 1==1
def test_func3():
assert 1==1通過pytest -m test 執(zhí)行結果如下：
$ pytest -m test ========================================================================= test session starts ========================================================================== platform win32 -- Python 3.9.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0 rootdir: D:\src\blog\tests plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, caterpillar-pytest-0.0.2, hypothesis-6.31.6, forked-1.3.0, rerunfailures-10.1, xdist-2.3.0 collected 3 items / 2 deselected / 1 selected test_demo.py . [100%] =================================================================== 1 passed, 2 deselected in 0.02s ====================================================================
四、對未注冊mark的限制
默認情況下，對未注冊mark直接使用是會產(chǎn)生一條告警信息，比如這里把pytest.ini和conftest.py都刪除掉，只剩test_demo.py一個文件
test_demo.py代碼如下
import pytest
@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_func():
assert 1==1
@pytest.mark.test
def test_func2():
assert 1==1
def test_func3():
assert 1==1直接使用 pytest -m smoke 執(zhí)行結果如下，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里產(chǎn)生了兩條告警，這就是因為這兩條告警未在pytest.ini或者conftest.py中進行注冊的原因，在實際項目開發(fā)中如果在執(zhí)行測試的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種大片告警打印，解決辦法就是在pytest.ini或者conftest.py將這些告警報出的mark都進行注冊即可
$ pytest -m smoke
========================================================================= test session starts ==========================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.9.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: D:\src\blog\tests
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, caterpillar-pytest-0.0.2, hypothesis-6.31.6, forked-1.3.0, rerunfailures-10.1, xdist-2.3.0
collected 3 items / 2 deselected / 1 selected
test_demo.py . [100%]
=========================================================================== warnings summary ===========================================================================
test_demo.py:3
D:\src\blog\tests\test_demo.py:3: PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.smoke - is this a typo? You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for deta
ils, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/mark.html
@pytest.mark.smoke
test_demo.py:7
D:\src\blog\tests\test_demo.py:7: PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.test - is this a typo? You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for detai
ls, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/mark.html
@pytest.mark.test
-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/warnings.html
============================================================= 1 passed, 2 deselected, 2 warnings in 0.02s ==============================================================如果希望強制限制必須先注冊再使用mark，則可以在pytest.ini中加上如下配置即可
[pytest] addopts = --strict-markers
比如test_demo.py代碼：
import pytest
@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_func():
assert 1==1
@pytest.mark.test
def test_func2():
assert 1==1
def test_func3():
assert 1==1此時繼續(xù)使用pytest -m smoke執(zhí)行結果如下，發(fā)現(xiàn)此時已經(jīng)報錯了，即強制限制必須對mark進行注冊
$ pytest -m smoke ========================================================================= test session starts ========================================================================== platform win32 -- Python 3.9.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0 rootdir: D:\src\blog\tests, configfile: pytest.ini plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, caterpillar-pytest-0.0.2, hypothesis-6.31.6, forked-1.3.0, rerunfailures-10.1, xdist-2.3.0 collected 0 items / 1 error ================================================================================ ERRORS ================================================================================ ____________________________________________________________________ ERROR collecting test_demo.py _____________________________________________________________________ 'smoke' not found in `markers` configuration option ======================================================================= short test summary info ======================================================================== ERROR test_demo.py !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 error during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! =========================================================================== 1 error in 0.14s ===========================================================================
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