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Matlab實(shí)現(xiàn)生成箭頭坐標(biāo)軸詳解

 更新時(shí)間：2022年03月17日 10:05:47   作者：slandarer  
這篇文章主要介紹了如何利用Matlab實(shí)現(xiàn)生成箭頭坐標(biāo)軸，為坐標(biāo)軸增添箭頭，文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì)，對(duì)我們學(xué)習(xí)Matlab有一定幫助，需要的可以參考一下

屬實(shí)是寫工具函數(shù)寫上癮了，又寫了一個(gè)一行代碼將坐標(biāo)軸變?yōu)榧^坐標(biāo)軸的函數(shù)，而且可以對(duì)其進(jìn)行隨意拖動(dòng)和縮放(拖動(dòng)需要先點(diǎn)擊那個(gè)像手掌的符號(hào))：

功能函數(shù)的引用非常簡(jiǎn)單，就只是在最后面加上一行：

arrowAxes()或者arrowAxes(ax)

即可，以下給出幾個(gè)例子：

demo1 基礎(chǔ)使用

就像上面說(shuō)的一樣，編寫好代碼后在最后面引用一下工具函數(shù)即可：

% arrow axes demo1
% @author:slandarer

t=-pi:.2:2*pi;
stem(t,sin(t),'LineWidth',1.5);

arrowAxes()

demo2 軸方向

可以調(diào)整坐標(biāo)區(qū)域的XAxisLocation屬性及YAxisLocation屬性來(lái)調(diào)整坐標(biāo)軸的方向和位置，總共有九種組合，篇幅問(wèn)題這里不一一列舉

這里只列舉常用的四種：

% arrow axes demo2
% @author:slandarer

t=-pi:.2:2*pi;


% 子圖1
ax1=subplot(2,2,1);
plot(t,sin(t),'LineWidth',1.5);
arrowAxes(ax1)

% 子圖2
ax2=subplot(2,2,2);
plot(t,sin(t),'LineWidth',1.5);
ax2.XAxisLocation='top';
ax2.YAxisLocation='right';
arrowAxes(ax2)

% 子圖3
ax3=subplot(2,2,3);
plot(t,sin(t),'LineWidth',1.5);
ax3.XAxisLocation='origin';
arrowAxes(ax3)

% 子圖4
ax4=subplot(2,2,4);
plot(t,sin(t),'LineWidth',1.5);
ax4.XAxisLocation='origin';
ax4.YAxisLocation='origin';
arrowAxes(ax4)

demo3 軸的其他屬性

在引用工具函數(shù)前調(diào)整坐標(biāo)軸的粗細(xì)和顏色，引用工具函數(shù)時(shí)，工具函數(shù)會(huì)自動(dòng)提取坐標(biāo)軸的屬性并賦予箭頭坐標(biāo)軸：

% arrow axes demo3
% @author:slandarer

t=-pi:.2:2*pi;
stem(t,sin(t),'LineWidth',1.5);

% 修改坐標(biāo)軸屬性
ax=gca;
ax.XColor=[1,0,0];
ax.LineWidth=2;
ax.XAxisLocation='origin';

arrowAxes(ax)

后言

不管畫多少子圖，怎樣的軸方向和位置，每個(gè)子圖都能像如下這樣任意調(diào)整坐標(biāo)范圍和圖像縮放。

工具函數(shù)完整代碼

function arrowAxes(ax)
%
% @author: slandarer
% @公眾號(hào): slandarer隨筆
% @知乎  : hikari
% @CSDN  : slandarer
% 
% 期待您的關(guān)注!!!

help arrowAxes % 若不希望輸出[作者信息],請(qǐng)刪除這行


if nargin<1
    ax=gca;
end

ax.Box='off';
ax.UserData.arrow{1}=[];
ax.UserData.arrow{2}=[];
ax.UserData.arrow{3}=[];
ax.UserData.arrow{4}=[];

pos=ax.Position;
xm=.02;
ym=.02;
% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
switch ax.XAxisLocation
    case 'bottom'
        ax.UserData.arrow{2}=annotation('arrow');
        ax.UserData.arrow{2}.Color=ax.YColor;
        ax.UserData.arrow{2}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2),0,pos(4)+ym];
    case 'top'
        ax.UserData.arrow{4}=annotation('arrow');
        ax.UserData.arrow{4}.Color=ax.YColor;
        ax.UserData.arrow{4}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2)+pos(4),0,-pos(4)-ym];
    case 'origin'
        ax.UserData.arrow{2}=annotation('arrow');
        ax.UserData.arrow{2}.Color=ax.YColor;
        ax.UserData.arrow{2}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2),0,pos(4)+ym];
        ax.UserData.arrow{4}=annotation('arrow');
        ax.UserData.arrow{4}.Color=ax.YColor;
        ax.UserData.arrow{4}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2)+pos(4),0,-pos(4)-ym];
end
switch ax.YAxisLocation
    case 'left'
        ax.UserData.arrow{1}=annotation('arrow');
        ax.UserData.arrow{1}.Color=ax.XColor;
        ax.UserData.arrow{1}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2),pos(3)+xm,0];
    case 'right'
        ax.UserData.arrow{3}=annotation('arrow');
        ax.UserData.arrow{3}.Color=ax.XColor;
        ax.UserData.arrow{3}.Position=[pos(1)+pos(3),pos(2),-pos(3)-xm,0];
    case 'origin'
        ax.UserData.arrow{1}=annotation('arrow');
        ax.UserData.arrow{1}.Color=ax.XColor;
        ax.UserData.arrow{1}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2),pos(3)+xm,0];
        ax.UserData.arrow{3}=annotation('arrow');
        ax.UserData.arrow{3}.Color=ax.XColor;
        ax.UserData.arrow{3}.Position=[pos(1)+pos(3),pos(2),-pos(3)-xm,0];
end

if strcmp(ax.XAxisLocation,'top')
    if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{1}),ax.UserData.arrow{1}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2)+pos(4),pos(3)+xm,0];end
    if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{3}),ax.UserData.arrow{3}.Position=[pos(1)+pos(3),pos(2)+pos(4),-pos(3)-xm,0];end
end
if strcmp(ax.YAxisLocation,'right')
    if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{2}),ax.UserData.arrow{2}.Position=[pos(1)+pos(3),pos(2),0,pos(4)+ym];end
    if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{4}),ax.UserData.arrow{4}.Position=[pos(1)+pos(3),pos(2)+pos(4),0,-pos(4)-ym];end
end
for i=1:4
    if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{i}),ax.UserData.arrow{i}.LineWidth=ax.LineWidth;end
end


reArrow()
% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function reArrow(~,~)
if strcmp(ax.XAxisLocation,'origin')
    pos=ax.Position;
    ylim=ax.YLim;
    sepy=(0-ylim(1))./(ylim(2)-ylim(1)).*pos(4);
    switch true
        case ylim(2)<=0
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{1}),ax.UserData.arrow{1}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2)+pos(4),pos(3)+xm,0];end
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{3}),ax.UserData.arrow{3}.Position=[pos(1)+pos(3),pos(2)+pos(4),-pos(3)-xm,0];end
        case ylim(1)>=0
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{1}),ax.UserData.arrow{1}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2),pos(3)+xm,0];end
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{3}),ax.UserData.arrow{3}.Position=[pos(1)+pos(3),pos(2),-pos(3)-xm,0];end
        case ylim(2)>0&ylim(1)<0
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{1}),ax.UserData.arrow{1}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2)+sepy,pos(3)+xm,0];end
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{3}),ax.UserData.arrow{3}.Position=[pos(1)+pos(3),pos(2)+sepy,-pos(3)-xm,0];end
    end
end
if strcmp(ax.YAxisLocation,'origin')
    pos=ax.Position;
    xlim=ax.XLim;
    sepx=(0-xlim(1))./(xlim(2)-xlim(1)).*pos(3);
    switch true
        case xlim(2)<=0
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{2}),ax.UserData.arrow{2}.Position=[pos(1)+pos(3),pos(2),0,pos(4)+ym];end
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{4}),ax.UserData.arrow{4}.Position=[pos(1)+pos(3),pos(2)+pos(4),0,-pos(4)-ym];end
        case xlim(1)>=0
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{2}),ax.UserData.arrow{2}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2),0,pos(4)+ym];end
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{4}),ax.UserData.arrow{4}.Position=[pos(1),pos(2)+pos(4),0,-pos(4)-ym];end
        case xlim(2)>0&xlim(1)<0
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{2}),ax.UserData.arrow{2}.Position=[pos(1)+sepx,pos(2),0,pos(4)+ym];end
            if ~isempty(ax.UserData.arrow{4}),ax.UserData.arrow{4}.Position=[pos(1)+sepx,pos(2)+pos(4),0,-pos(4)-ym];end
    end
end
end
set(ax.Parent,'WindowButtonMotionFcn',@reArrow);  % 設(shè)置鼠標(biāo)按下回調(diào)
end

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