Python Pygame實戰(zhàn)之打地鼠小游戲

更新時間：2022年01月05日 10:13:00 作者：楚_陽

Pygame庫是專門為了幫助做出的游戲和其他多媒體應(yīng)用Python編程語言的一個開放源代碼模塊。本文將利用Pygame模塊制作一個打地鼠的小游戲，快跟隨小編一起學習一下吧

前言

今天給大家寫一個個打地鼠小游戲，廢話不多說直接開始～

開發(fā)工具

Python版本： 3.6.4

相關(guān)模塊：

pygame模塊；

以及一些Python自帶的模塊。

環(huán)境搭建

安裝Python并添加到環(huán)境變量，pip安裝需要的相關(guān)模塊即可。

原理簡介

打地鼠的游戲規(guī)則相信大家都知道，這里就不多介紹了，反正就是不停地拿錘子打洞里鉆出來的地鼠~

首先，讓我們確定一下游戲中有哪些元素。打地鼠打地鼠，地鼠當然得有啦，那我們就寫個地鼠的游戲精靈類：

'''地鼠'''
class Mole(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, image_paths, position, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.images = [pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load(image_paths[0]), (101, 103)), 
                       pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load(image_paths[-1]), (101, 103))]
        self.image = self.images[0]
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)
        self.setPosition(position)
        self.is_hammer = False
    '''設(shè)置位置'''
    def setPosition(self, pos):
        self.rect.left, self.rect.top = pos
    '''設(shè)置被擊中'''
    def setBeHammered(self):
        self.is_hammer = True
    '''顯示在屏幕上'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        if self.is_hammer: self.image = self.images[1]
        screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
    '''重置'''
    def reset(self):
        self.image = self.images[0]
        self.is_hammer = False

顯然，地鼠有被錘子擊中和未被錘子擊中這兩種狀態(tài)，所以需要加載兩張圖，當?shù)厥蟊粨糁袝r從未被擊中的地鼠狀態(tài)圖切換到被擊中后的地鼠狀態(tài)圖(ps：圖可能不像地鼠)。

然后我們再來定義一下錘子這個游戲精靈類，和地鼠類似，錘子也有未錘下去和已錘下去兩種狀態(tài)，只不過錘下去之后需要迅速恢復回未錘下去的狀態(tài)，具體而言，代碼實現(xiàn)如下：

class Hammer(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, image_paths, position, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.images = [pygame.image.load(image_paths[0]), pygame.image.load(image_paths[1])]
        self.image = self.images[0]
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.images[1])
        self.rect.left, self.rect.top = position
        # 用于顯示錘擊時的特效
        self.hammer_count = 0
        self.hammer_last_time = 4
        self.is_hammering = False
    '''設(shè)置位置'''
    def setPosition(self, pos):
        self.rect.centerx, self.rect.centery = pos
    '''設(shè)置hammering'''
    def setHammering(self):
        self.is_hammering = True
    '''顯示在屏幕上'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        if self.is_hammering:
            self.image = self.images[1]
            self.hammer_count += 1
            if self.hammer_count > self.hammer_last_time:
                self.is_hammering = False
                self.hammer_count = 0
        else:
            self.image = self.images[0]
        screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

OK，定義完游戲精靈之后，我們就可以開始寫主程序啦。首先自然是游戲初始化：

'''游戲初始化'''
def initGame():
  pygame.init()
  pygame.mixer.init()
  screen = pygame.display.set_mode(cfg.SCREENSIZE)
  pygame.display.set_caption('Whac A Mole-微信公眾號:Charles的皮卡丘')
  return screen

然后加載必要的游戲素材和定義必要的游戲變量

  # 加載背景音樂和其他音效
  pygame.mixer.music.load(cfg.BGM_PATH)
  pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)
  audios = {
        'count_down': pygame.mixer.Sound(cfg.COUNT_DOWN_SOUND_PATH),
        'hammering': pygame.mixer.Sound(cfg.HAMMERING_SOUND_PATH)
      }
  # 加載字體
  font = pygame.font.Font(cfg.FONT_PATH, 40)
  # 加載背景圖片
  bg_img = pygame.image.load(cfg.GAME_BG_IMAGEPATH)
  # 開始界面
  startInterface(screen, cfg.GAME_BEGIN_IMAGEPATHS)
  # 地鼠改變位置的計時
  hole_pos = random.choice(cfg.HOLE_POSITIONS)
  change_hole_event = pygame.USEREVENT
  pygame.time.set_timer(change_hole_event, 800)
  # 地鼠
  mole = Mole(cfg.MOLE_IMAGEPATHS, hole_pos)
  # 錘子
  hammer = Hammer(cfg.HAMMER_IMAGEPATHS, (500, 250))
  # 時鐘
  clock = pygame.time.Clock()
  # 分數(shù)
  your_score = 0

接著就是游戲主循環(huán)啦：

# 游戲主循環(huán)
while True:
  # --游戲時間為60s
  time_remain = round((61000 - pygame.time.get_ticks()) / 1000.)
  # --游戲時間減少, 地鼠變位置速度變快
  if time_remain == 40:
    pygame.time.set_timer(change_hole_event, 650)
  elif time_remain == 20:
    pygame.time.set_timer(change_hole_event, 500)
  # --倒計時音效
  if time_remain == 10:
    audios['count_down'].play()
  # --游戲結(jié)束
  if time_remain < 0: break
  count_down_text = font.render('Time: '+str(time_remain), True, cfg.WHITE)
  # --按鍵檢測
  for event in pygame.event.get():
    if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
      pygame.quit()
      sys.exit()
    elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
      hammer.setPosition(pygame.mouse.get_pos())
    elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
      if event.button == 1:
        hammer.setHammering()
    elif event.type == change_hole_event:
      hole_pos = random.choice(cfg.HOLE_POSITIONS)
      mole.reset()
      mole.setPosition(hole_pos)
  # --碰撞檢測
  if hammer.is_hammering and not mole.is_hammer:
    is_hammer = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(hammer, mole)
    if is_hammer:
      audios['hammering'].play()
      mole.setBeHammered()
      your_score += 10
  # --分數(shù)
  your_score_text = font.render('Score: '+str(your_score), True, cfg.BROWN)
  # --綁定必要的游戲元素到屏幕(注意順序)
  screen.blit(bg_img, (0, 0))
  screen.blit(count_down_text, (875, 8))
  screen.blit(your_score_text, (800, 430))
  mole.draw(screen)
  hammer.draw(screen)
  # --更新
  pygame.display.flip()
  clock.tick(60)

每一部分我也都做了注釋，邏輯很簡單，就不多廢話了。60s后，游戲結(jié)束，我們就可以統(tǒng)計分數(shù)以及和歷史最高分做對比了：

# 讀取最佳分數(shù)(try塊避免第一次游戲無.rec文件)
try:
  best_score = int(open(cfg.RECORD_PATH).read())
except:
  best_score = 0
# 若當前分數(shù)大于最佳分數(shù)則更新最佳分數(shù)
if your_score > best_score:
  f = open(cfg.RECORD_PATH, 'w')
  f.write(str(your_score))
  f.close()
為了使游戲看起來更“正式”，再隨手添個開始界面和結(jié)束界面唄：
'''游戲開始界面'''
def startInterface(screen, begin_image_paths):
    begin_images = [pygame.image.load(begin_image_paths[0]), pygame.image.load(begin_image_paths[1])]
    begin_image = begin_images[0]
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
                mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                if mouse_pos[0] in list(range(419, 574)) and mouse_pos[1] in list(range(374, 416)):
                    begin_image = begin_images[1]
                else:
                    begin_image = begin_images[0]
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                if event.button == 1 and mouse_pos[0] in list(range(419, 574)) and mouse_pos[1] in list(range(374, 416)):
                    return True
        screen.blit(begin_image, (0, 0))
        pygame.display.update()


'''結(jié)束界面'''
def endInterface(screen, end_image_path, again_image_paths, score_info, font_path, font_colors, screensize):
    end_image = pygame.image.load(end_image_path)
    again_images = [pygame.image.load(again_image_paths[0]), pygame.image.load(again_image_paths[1])]
    again_image = again_images[0]
    font = pygame.font.Font(font_path, 50)
    your_score_text = font.render('Your Score: %s' % score_info['your_score'], True, font_colors[0])
    your_score_rect = your_score_text.get_rect()
    your_score_rect.left, your_score_rect.top = (screensize[0] - your_score_rect.width) / 2, 215
    best_score_text = font.render('Best Score: %s' % score_info['best_score'], True, font_colors[1])
    best_score_rect = best_score_text.get_rect()
    best_score_rect.left, best_score_rect.top = (screensize[0] - best_score_rect.width) / 2, 275
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
                mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                if mouse_pos[0] in list(range(419, 574)) and mouse_pos[1] in list(range(374, 416)):
                    again_image = again_images[1]
                else:
                    again_image = again_images[0]
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                if event.button == 1 and mouse_pos[0] in list(range(419, 574)) and mouse_pos[1] in list(range(374, 416)):
                    return True
        screen.blit(end_image, (0, 0))
        screen.blit(again_image, (416, 370))
        screen.blit(your_score_text, your_score_rect)
        screen.blit(best_score_text, best_score_rect)
        pygame.display.update()

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