徹底搞懂Java多線程(四)
SimpleDateFormat非線程安全問題
實(shí)現(xiàn)1000個(gè)線程的時(shí)間格式化
package SimpleDateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* user:ypc;
* date:2021-06-13;
* time: 17:30;
*/
public class SimpleDateFormat1 {
private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss");
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10,10,100,
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(1000),new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
for (int i = 0; i < 1001; i++) {
int finalI = i;
threadPoolExecutor.submit(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Date date = new Date(finalI * 1000);
myFormatTime(date);
}
});
}
threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
}
private static void myFormatTime(Date date){
System.out.println(simpleDateFormat.format(date));
}
}
產(chǎn)生了線程不安全的問題👇:

這是因?yàn)椋?/p>

多線程的情況下:

線程1在時(shí)間片用完之后,線程2來setTime()那么線程1的得到了線程2的時(shí)間。
所以可以使用加鎖的操作:

就不會(huì)有重復(fù)的時(shí)間了

但是雖然可以解決線程不安全的問題,但是排隊(duì)等待鎖,性能就會(huì)變得低
所以可以使用局部變量:

也解決了線程不安全的問題:

但是每次也都會(huì)創(chuàng)建新的私有變量
那么有沒有一種方案既可以避免加鎖排隊(duì)執(zhí)行,又不會(huì)每次創(chuàng)建任務(wù)的時(shí)候不會(huì)創(chuàng)建私有的變量呢?
那就是ThreadLocal👇:
ThreadLocal
ThreadLocal的作用就是讓每一個(gè)線程都擁有自己的變量。
那么選擇鎖還是ThreadLocal?
看創(chuàng)建實(shí)列對(duì)象的復(fù)用率,如果復(fù)用率比較高的話,就使用ThreadLocal。
ThreadLocal的原理
類ThreadLocal的主要作用就是將數(shù)據(jù)放到當(dāng)前對(duì)象的Map中,這個(gè)Map時(shí)thread類的實(shí)列變量。類ThreadLocal自己不管理、不存儲(chǔ)任何的數(shù)據(jù),它只是數(shù)據(jù)和Map之間的橋梁。
執(zhí)行的流程:數(shù)據(jù)—>ThreadLocal—>currentThread()—>Map。
執(zhí)行后每個(gè)Map存有自己的數(shù)據(jù),Map中的key中存儲(chǔ)的就是ThreadLocal對(duì)象,value就是存儲(chǔ)的值。每個(gè)Thread的Map值只對(duì)當(dāng)前的線程可見,其它的線程不可以訪問當(dāng)前線程對(duì)象中Map的值。當(dāng)前的線程被銷毀,Map也隨之被銷毀,Map中的數(shù)據(jù)如果沒有被引用、沒有被使用,則隨時(shí)GC回收。
ThreadLocal常用方法

set(T):將內(nèi)容存儲(chǔ)到ThreadLocal
get():從線程去私有的變量
remove():從線程中移除私有變量
package ThreadLocalDemo;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
/**
* user:ypc;
* date:2021-06-13;
* time: 18:37;
*/
public class ThreadLocalDemo1 {
private static ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
//設(shè)置私有變量
threadLocal.set(new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss"));
//得到ThreadLocal
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = threadLocal.get();
//移除
threadLocal.remove();
}
}
ThreadLocal的初始化
ThreadLocal提供了兩種初始化的方法
initialValue()和
initialValue()初始化:
package ThreadLocalDemo;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* user:ypc;
* date:2021-06-13;
* time: 19:07;
*/
public class ThreadLocalDemo2 {
//創(chuàng)建并初始化ThreadLocal
private static ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal() {
@Override
protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "執(zhí)行了自己的threadLocal中的初始化方法initialValue()");
return new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss");
}
};
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
Date date = new Date(5000);
System.out.println("thread0格式化時(shí)間之后得結(jié)果時(shí):" + threadLocal.get().format(date));
});
thread1.setName("thread0");
thread1.start();
Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
Date date = new Date(6000);
System.out.println("thread1格式化時(shí)間之后得結(jié)果時(shí):" + threadLocal.get().format(date));
});
thread2.setName("thread1");
thread2.start();
}
}

withInitial方法初始化:
package ThreadLocalDemo;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
/**
* user:ypc;
* date:2021-06-14;
* time: 17:23;
*/
public class ThreadLocalDemo3 {
private static ThreadLocal<String> stringThreadLocal =
ThreadLocal.withInitial(new Supplier<String>() {
@Override
public String get() {
System.out.println("執(zhí)行了withInitial()方法");
return "我是" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "的ThreadLocal";
}
});
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println(stringThreadLocal.get());
});
thread1.start();
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(stringThreadLocal.get());
}
});
thread2.start();
}
}

注意:
ThreadLocal如果使用了set()方法的話,那么它的初始化方法就不會(huì)起作用了。
來看:👇
package ThreadLocalDemo;
/**
* user:ypc;
* date:2021-06-14;
* time: 18:43;
*/
class Tools {
public static ThreadLocal t1 = new ThreadLocal();
}
class ThreadA extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("在ThreadA中取值:" + Tools.t1.get());
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public class ThreadLocalDemo4 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//main是ThreadA 的 父線程 讓main線程set,ThreadA,是get不到的
if (Tools.t1.get() == null) {
Tools.t1.set("main父線程的set");
}
System.out.println("main get 到了: " + Tools.t1.get());
Thread.sleep(1000);
ThreadA a = new ThreadA();
a.start();
}
}

類ThreadLocal不能實(shí)現(xiàn)值的繼承,那么就可以使用InheritableThreadLocal了👇
InheritableThreadLocal的使用
使用InheritableThreadLocal可以使子線程繼承父線程的值

在來看運(yùn)行的結(jié)果:

子線程有最新的值,父線程依舊是舊的值
package ThreadLocalDemo;
/**
* user:ypc;
* date:2021-06-14;
* time: 19:07;
*/
class ThreadB extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("在ThreadB中取值:" + Tools.t1.get());
if (i == 5){
Tools.t1.set("我是ThreadB中新set()");
}
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public class ThreadLocalDemo5 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
if (Tools.t1.get() == null) {
Tools.t1.set("main父線程的set");
}
System.out.println("main get 到了: " + Tools.t1.get());
Thread.sleep(1000);
ThreadA a = new ThreadA();
a.start();
Thread.sleep(5000);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("main的get是:" + Tools.t1.get());
Thread.sleep(100);
}
}
}

ThreadLocal的臟讀問題來看👇
package ThreadLocalDemo;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* user:ypc;
* date:2021-06-14;
* time: 19:49;
*/
public class ThreadLocalDemo6 {
private static ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
private static class MyThread extends Thread {
private static boolean flag = false;
@Override
public void run() {
String name = this.getName();
if (!flag) {
threadLocal.set(name);
System.out.println(name + "設(shè)置了" + name);
flag = true;
}
System.out.println(name + "得到了" + threadLocal.get());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0,
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(10));
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
threadPoolExecutor.execute(new MyThread());
}
threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
}
}

發(fā)生了臟讀:
線程池復(fù)用了線程,也復(fù)用了這個(gè)線程相關(guān)的靜態(tài)屬性,就導(dǎo)致了臟讀
那么如何避免臟讀呢?
去掉static 之后:


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