rabbitmq五種模式詳解(含實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼)
一、五種模式詳解
1.簡(jiǎn)單模式(Queue模式)
當(dāng)生產(chǎn)端發(fā)送消息到交換機(jī),交換機(jī)根據(jù)消息屬性發(fā)送到隊(duì)列,消費(fèi)者監(jiān)聽(tīng)綁定隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn)消息的接收和消費(fèi)邏輯編寫(xiě).簡(jiǎn)單模式下,強(qiáng)調(diào)的一個(gè)隊(duì)列queue只被一個(gè)消費(fèi)者監(jiān)聽(tīng)消費(fèi).
1.1 結(jié)構(gòu)
生產(chǎn)者:生成消息,發(fā)送到交換機(jī)交換機(jī):根據(jù)消息屬性,將消息發(fā)送給隊(duì)列消費(fèi)者:監(jiān)聽(tīng)這個(gè)隊(duì)列,發(fā)現(xiàn)消息后,獲取消息執(zhí)行消費(fèi)邏輯
1.2應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景
常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景就是一發(fā),一接的結(jié)構(gòu)
例如:
手機(jī)短信郵件單發(fā)
2.爭(zhēng)搶模式(Work模式)
強(qiáng)調(diào)的也是后端隊(duì)列與消費(fèi)者綁定的結(jié)構(gòu)
2.1結(jié)構(gòu)
生產(chǎn)者:發(fā)送消息到交換機(jī)交換機(jī):根據(jù)消息屬性將消息發(fā)送給隊(duì)列消費(fèi)者:多個(gè)消費(fèi)者,同時(shí)綁定監(jiān)聽(tīng)一個(gè)隊(duì)列,之間形成了爭(zhēng)搶消息的效果
2.2應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景
- 搶紅包
- 資源分配系統(tǒng)
3.路由模式(Route模式 Direct定向)
從路由模式開(kāi)始,關(guān)心的就是消息如何到達(dá)的隊(duì)列,路由模式需要使用的交換機(jī)類型就是路由交換機(jī)(direct)
3.1 結(jié)構(gòu)
- 生產(chǎn)端:發(fā)送消息,在消息中處理消息內(nèi)容,攜帶一個(gè)routingkey
- 交換機(jī):接收消息,根據(jù)消息的routingkey去計(jì)算匹配后端隊(duì)列的routingkey
- 隊(duì)列:存儲(chǔ)交換機(jī)發(fā)送的消息
- 消費(fèi)端:簡(jiǎn)單模式 工作爭(zhēng)搶
3.2應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景
- 短信
- 聊天工具
- 郵箱。。
手機(jī)號(hào)/郵箱地址,都可以是路由key
4.發(fā)布訂閱模式(Pulish/Subscribe模式 Fanout廣播)
不計(jì)算路由的一種特殊交換機(jī)
4.1結(jié)構(gòu)
4.2應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景
- 消息推送
- 廣告
5.主題模式(Topics模式 Tpoic通配符)
路由key值是一種多級(jí)路徑。中國(guó).四川.成都.武侯區(qū)
5.1結(jié)構(gòu)
生產(chǎn)端:攜帶路由key,發(fā)送消息到交換機(jī)
隊(duì)列:綁定交換機(jī)和路由不一樣,不是一個(gè)具體的路由key,而可以使用*和#代替一個(gè)范圍
| * | 字符串,只能表示一級(jí) |
| --- | --- |
| # | 多級(jí)字符串 |
交換機(jī):根據(jù)匹配規(guī)則,將路由key對(duì)應(yīng)發(fā)送到隊(duì)列
消息路由key:
- 北京市.朝陽(yáng)區(qū).酒仙橋
- 北京市.#: 匹配true
- 上海市.浦東區(qū).*: 沒(méi)匹配false
- 新疆.烏魯木齊.#
5.2 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景
做物流分揀的多級(jí)傳遞.
6.完整結(jié)構(gòu)
二、代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)
1.創(chuàng)建SpringBoot工程
1.1 工程基本信息
1.2 依賴信息
1.3 配置文件applicasion.properties
# 應(yīng)用名稱 spring.application.name=springboot-demo # Actuator Web 訪問(wèn)端口 management.server.port=8801 management.endpoints.jmx.exposure.include=* management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=* management.endpoint.health.show-details=always # 應(yīng)用服務(wù) WEB 訪問(wèn)端口 server.port=8801 ######################### RabbitMQ配置 ######################## # RabbitMQ主機(jī) spring.rabbitmq.host=127.0.0.1 # RabbitMQ虛擬主機(jī) spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=demo # RabbitMQ服務(wù)端口 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 # RabbitMQ服務(wù)用戶名 spring.rabbitmq.username=admin # RabbitMQ服務(wù)密碼 spring.rabbitmq.password=admin # RabbitMQ服務(wù)發(fā)布確認(rèn)屬性配置 ## NONE值是禁用發(fā)布確認(rèn)模式,是默認(rèn)值 ## CORRELATED值是發(fā)布消息成功到交換器后會(huì)觸發(fā)回調(diào)方法 ## SIMPLE值經(jīng)測(cè)試有兩種效果,其一效果和CORRELATED值一樣會(huì)觸發(fā)回調(diào)方法,其二在發(fā)布消息成功后使用rabbitTemplate調(diào)用waitForConfirms或waitForConfirmsOrDie方法等待broker節(jié)點(diǎn)返回發(fā)送結(jié)果,根據(jù)返回結(jié)果來(lái)判定下一步的邏輯,要注意的點(diǎn)是waitForConfirmsOrDie方法如果返回false則會(huì)關(guān)閉channel,則接下來(lái)無(wú)法發(fā)送消息到broker; spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=simple # RabbitMQ服務(wù)開(kāi)啟消息發(fā)送確認(rèn) spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true ######################### simple模式配置 ######################## # RabbitMQ服務(wù) 消息接收確認(rèn)模式 ## NONE:不確認(rèn) ## AUTO:自動(dòng)確認(rèn) ## MANUAL:手動(dòng)確認(rèn) spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual # 指定最小的消費(fèi)者數(shù)量 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=1 # 指定最大的消費(fèi)者數(shù)量 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=1 # 開(kāi)啟支持重試 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.enabled=true
2.簡(jiǎn)單模式
2.1 創(chuàng)建SimpleQueueConfig 簡(jiǎn)單隊(duì)列配置類
package com.gmtgo.demo.simple; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Configuration public class SimpleQueueConfig { /** * 定義簡(jiǎn)單隊(duì)列名. */ private final String simpleQueue = "queue_simple"; @Bean public Queue simpleQueue() { return new Queue(simpleQueue); } }
2.2 編寫(xiě)生產(chǎn)者
package com.gmtgo.demo.simple; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class SimpleProducer { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendMessage() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "簡(jiǎn)單消息" + i; log.info("我是生產(chǎn)信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend( "queue_simple", message); } } }
2.3 編寫(xiě)消費(fèi)者
package com.gmtgo.demo.simple; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class SimpleConsumers { @RabbitListener(queues = "queue_simple") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消費(fèi)信息:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }
2.4 編寫(xiě)訪問(wèn)類
package com.gmtgo.demo.simple; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 大帥 */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "/rabbitMq") public class SimpleRabbitMqController { @Autowired private SimpleProducer simpleProducer; @RequestMapping(value = "/simpleQueueTest") public String simpleQueueTest() { simpleProducer.sendMessage(); return "success"; } }
2.5 測(cè)試啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目訪問(wèn) simpleQueueTest
訪問(wèn)地址:http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/simpleQueueTest
結(jié)果:
3.Work隊(duì)列
3.1 編寫(xiě)工作配置
package com.gmtgo.demo.work; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Configuration public class WorkQueueConfig { /** * 隊(duì)列名. */ private final String work = "work_queue"; @Bean public Queue workQueue() { return new Queue(work); } }
3.2 編寫(xiě)生產(chǎn)者
package com.gmtgo.demo.work; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class WorkProducer { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendMessage() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { String message = "工作消息" + i; log.info("我是生產(chǎn)信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("work_queue", message); } } }
3.3 編寫(xiě)消費(fèi)者1
package com.gmtgo.demo.work; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class WorkConsumers1 { @RabbitListener(queues = "work_queue") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消費(fèi)信息1:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }
3.4 編寫(xiě)消費(fèi)者2
package com.gmtgo.demo.work; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class WorkConsumers2 { @RabbitListener(queues = "work_queue") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消費(fèi)信息2:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }
3.5 編寫(xiě)測(cè)試方法
package com.gmtgo.demo.work; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 大帥 */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "rabbitMq") public class WorkRabbitMqController { @Autowired private WorkProducer workProducer; @RequestMapping(value = "workQueueTest") public String workQueueTest() { workProducer.sendMessage(); return "success"; } }
3.6 測(cè)試啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目訪問(wèn) workQueueTest
訪問(wèn)地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/workQueueTest
結(jié)果:
控制臺(tái)打印,發(fā)現(xiàn)10條消息 偶數(shù)條消費(fèi)者1獲取,奇數(shù)條消費(fèi)者2獲取,并且平均分配。
當(dāng)然通過(guò)代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)按需分配,即誰(shuí)的性能強(qiáng),誰(shuí)優(yōu)先原則,實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡。
配置可控分配數(shù)
4. 發(fā)布訂閱模式(Publish/Subscibe模式)
訂閱模式–多個(gè)消費(fèi)者監(jiān)聽(tīng)不同的隊(duì)列,但隊(duì)列都綁定同一個(gè)交換機(jī)
4.1 編寫(xiě)訂閱配置類
package com.gmtgo.demo.fanout; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Configuration public class FanoutQueueConfig { /** * 聲明隊(duì)列名. */ private final String fanout1 = "fanout_queue_1"; private final String fanout2 = "fanout_queue_2"; /** * 聲明交換機(jī)的名字. */ private final String fanoutExchange = "fanoutExchange"; /** * 聲明隊(duì)列. * * @return */ @Bean public Queue fanoutQueue1() { return new Queue(fanout1); } @Bean public Queue fanoutQueue2() { return new Queue(fanout2); } /** * 聲明交換機(jī). */ @Bean public FanoutExchange exchange() { return new FanoutExchange(fanoutExchange); } /** * 隊(duì)列綁定交換機(jī),也可在可視化工具中進(jìn)行綁定. * * @return */ @Bean public Binding bindingFanoutQueue1(Queue fanoutQueue1, FanoutExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1).to(exchange); } @Bean public Binding bindingFanoutQueue2(Queue fanoutQueue2, FanoutExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2).to(exchange); } }
4.2 編寫(xiě)訂閱生產(chǎn)者
package com.gmtgo.demo.fanout; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class FanoutProducer { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendMessage() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "訂閱模式消息" + i; log.info("我是生產(chǎn)信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange", "", message); } } }
4.3 編寫(xiě)訂閱消費(fèi)者1
package com.gmtgo.demo.fanout; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class FanoutConsumers1 { @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout_queue_1") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消費(fèi)信息1:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }
4.4 編寫(xiě)訂閱消費(fèi)者2
package com.gmtgo.demo.fanout; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class FanoutConsumers2 { @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout_queue_2") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消費(fèi)信息2:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }
4.5 編寫(xiě)測(cè)試方法
package com.gmtgo.demo.fanout; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 大帥 */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "rabbitMq") public class FanoutRabbitMqController { @Autowired private FanoutProducer fanoutProducer; @RequestMapping(value = "fanoutQueueTest") public String fanoutQueueTest() { fanoutProducer.sendMessage(); return "success"; } }
3.6 測(cè)試啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目訪問(wèn) fanoutQueueTest
- 訪問(wèn)地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/fanoutQueueTest
- 結(jié)果:
控制臺(tái)打印 ,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)綁定了不同隊(duì)列的消費(fèi)者都接受到了同一條消息查看RabbitMq 服務(wù)器:
5. 路由模式(Route模式 Direct定向)
5.1 編寫(xiě)路由配置類
package com.gmtgo.demo.direct; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Configuration public class DirectQueueConfig { /** * 聲明隊(duì)列名. */ private final String direct1 = "direct_queue_1"; private final String direct2 = "direct_queue_2"; /** * 聲明交換機(jī)的名字. */ private final String directExchange = "directExchange"; /** * 聲明隊(duì)列. * * @return */ @Bean public Queue directQueue1() { return new Queue(direct1); } @Bean public Queue directQueue2() { return new Queue(direct2); } /** * 聲明路由交換機(jī). * * @return */ @Bean public DirectExchange directExchange() { return new DirectExchange(directExchange); } /** * 隊(duì)列綁定交換機(jī),指定routingKey,也可在可視化工具中進(jìn)行綁定. * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingDirectExchange1(Queue directQueue1, DirectExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue1).to(exchange).with("update"); } /** * 隊(duì)列綁定交換機(jī),指定routingKey,也可在可視化工具中進(jìn)行綁定. * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingDirectExchange2(Queue directQueue2, DirectExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue2).to(exchange).with("add"); } }
5.2 編寫(xiě)生產(chǎn)者
package com.gmtgo.demo.direct; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class DirectProducer { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendMessageA() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "路由模式--routingKey=update消息" + i; log.info("我是生產(chǎn)信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange", "update", message); } } public void sendMessageB() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "路由模式--routingKey=add消息" + i; log.info("我是生產(chǎn)信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange", "add", message); } } }
5.3 編寫(xiě)消費(fèi)者1
package com.gmtgo.demo.direct; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class DirectConsumers1 { @RabbitListener(queues = "direct_queue_1") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消費(fèi)信息1:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }
5.4 編寫(xiě)消費(fèi)者2
package com.gmtgo.demo.direct; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class DirectConsumers2 { @RabbitListener(queues = "direct_queue_2") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消費(fèi)信息2:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }
5.5 編寫(xiě)訪問(wèn)類
package com.gmtgo.demo.direct; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 大帥 */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "rabbitMq") public class DirectRabbitMqController { @Autowired private DirectProducer directProducer; @RequestMapping(value = "directQueueTest1") public String directQueueTest1() { directProducer.sendMessageA(); return "success"; } @RequestMapping(value = "directQueueTest2") public String directQueueTest2() { directProducer.sendMessageB(); return "success"; } }
5.6 測(cè)試啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目訪問(wèn)directQueueTest1 , directQueueTest2
訪問(wèn)地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/directQueueTest1
訪問(wèn)地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/directQueueTest2
結(jié)果:directQueueTest1:
directQueueTest2:
6. 主題模式(Topics模式 Tpoic通配符)
6.1 編寫(xiě)路由配置類
package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Configuration public class TopicQueueConfig { /** * 聲明隊(duì)列名. */ private final String topic1 = "topic_queue_1"; private final String topic2 = "topic_queue_2"; /** * 聲明交換機(jī)的名字. */ private final String topicExchange = "topicExchange"; /** * 聲明隊(duì)列. * * @return */ @Bean public Queue topicQueue1() { return new Queue(topic1); } @Bean public Queue topicQueue2() { return new Queue(topic2); } /** * 聲明路由交換機(jī). * * @return */ @Bean public TopicExchange topicExchange() { return new TopicExchange(topicExchange); } /** * 隊(duì)列綁定交換機(jī),指定routingKey,也可在可視化工具中進(jìn)行綁定. * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingTopicExchange1(Queue topicQueue1, TopicExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1).to(exchange).with("topic.keyA"); } /** * 隊(duì)列綁定交換機(jī),指定routingKey,也可在可視化工具中進(jìn)行綁定. * 綁定的routing key 也可以使用通配符: * *:匹配不多不少一個(gè)詞 * #:匹配一個(gè)或多個(gè)詞 * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingTopicExchange2(Queue topicQueue2, TopicExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue2).to(exchange).with("topic.#"); } }
6.2 編寫(xiě)生產(chǎn)者
package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class TopicProducer { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendMessageA() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "通配符模式--routingKey=topic.keyA消息" + i; log.info("我是生產(chǎn)信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.keyA", message); } } public void sendMessageB() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "通配符模式--routingKey=topic.#消息" + i; log.info("我是生產(chǎn)信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.keyD.keyE", message); } } }
6.3 編寫(xiě)消費(fèi)者1
package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class TopicConsumers1 { @RabbitListener(queues = "topic_queue_1") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消費(fèi)信息1:{}",new String(message.getBody())); } }
6.4 編寫(xiě)消費(fèi)者2
package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j @Component public class TopicConsumers2 { @RabbitListener(queues = "topic_queue_2") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消費(fèi)信息2:{}",new String(message.getBody())); } }
6.5 編寫(xiě)訪問(wèn)類
package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 大帥 */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "rabbitMq") public class TopicRabbitMqController { @Autowired private TopicProducer topicProducer; @RequestMapping(value = "topicQueueTest1") public String topicQueueTest1() { topicProducer.sendMessageA(); return "success"; } @RequestMapping(value = "topicQueueTest2") public String topicQueueTest2() { topicProducer.sendMessageB(); return "success"; } }
6.6 測(cè)試啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目訪問(wèn)topicQueueTest1 , topicQueueTest2
- 訪問(wèn)地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/topicQueueTest1
- 訪問(wèn)地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/topicQueueTest2
- 結(jié)果:
topicQueueTest1,兩個(gè)消費(fèi)者都能消費(fèi)
topicQueueTest2,只有消費(fèi)者2 可以消費(fèi)
至此,五種隊(duì)列的實(shí)現(xiàn)已結(jié)束!
7. 實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)者消息確認(rèn)
7.1 配置文件
######################### RabbitMQ配置 ######################## # RabbitMQ主機(jī) spring.rabbitmq.host=127.0.0.1 # RabbitMQ虛擬主機(jī) spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=demo # RabbitMQ服務(wù)端口 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 # RabbitMQ服務(wù)用戶名 spring.rabbitmq.username=admin # RabbitMQ服務(wù)密碼 spring.rabbitmq.password=admin # RabbitMQ服務(wù)發(fā)布確認(rèn)屬性配置 ## NONE值是禁用發(fā)布確認(rèn)模式,是默認(rèn)值 ## CORRELATED值是發(fā)布消息成功到交換器后會(huì)觸發(fā)回調(diào)方法 ## SIMPLE值經(jīng)測(cè)試有兩種效果,其一效果和CORRELATED值一樣會(huì)觸發(fā)回調(diào)方法,其二在發(fā)布消息成功后使用rabbitTemplate調(diào)用waitForConfirms或waitForConfirmsOrDie方法等待broker節(jié)點(diǎn)返回發(fā)送結(jié)果,根據(jù)返回結(jié)果來(lái)判定下一步的邏輯,要注意的點(diǎn)是waitForConfirmsOrDie方法如果返回false則會(huì)關(guān)閉channel,則接下來(lái)無(wú)法發(fā)送消息到broker; spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=simple # 連接超時(shí)時(shí)間 spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=20000 # RabbitMQ服務(wù)開(kāi)啟消息發(fā)送確認(rèn) spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true ######################### simple模式配置 ######################## # RabbitMQ服務(wù) 消息接收確認(rèn)模式 ## NONE:不確認(rèn) ## AUTO:自動(dòng)確認(rèn) ## MANUAL:手動(dòng)確認(rèn) spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual # 指定最小的消費(fèi)者數(shù)量 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=1 # 指定最大的消費(fèi)者數(shù)量 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=1 # 每次只消費(fèi)一個(gè)消息 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch=1 # 開(kāi)啟支持重試 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.enabled=true # 啟用強(qiáng)制信息,默認(rèn)為false spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
7.2 編寫(xiě)消息發(fā)送確認(rèn)類 RabbitConfirmCallback
package com.gmtgo.demo.config; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j public class RabbitConfirmCallback implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback { @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) { log.info("=======ConfirmCallback========="); log.info("correlationData {} " , correlationData); log.info("ack = {}" , ack); log.info("cause = {}" , cause); log.info("=======ConfirmCallback========="); } }
7.3 編寫(xiě)消息發(fā)送交換機(jī)返回機(jī)制RabbitConfirmReturnCallBack
package com.gmtgo.demo.config; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Slf4j public class RabbitConfirmReturnCallBack implements RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback { @Override public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) { log.info("--------------ReturnCallback----------------"); log.info("message = " + message); log.info("replyCode = {}", replyCode); log.info("replyText = {}", replyText); log.info("exchange = {}", exchange); log.info("routingKey = {}", routingKey); log.info("--------------ReturnCallback----------------"); } }
7.4 RabbitMQ配置
在我們的rabbit隊(duì)列配置類里設(shè)置RabbitTemplate
舉例:
package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import com.gmtgo.demo.config.RabbitConfirmCallback; import com.gmtgo.demo.config.RabbitConfirmReturnCallBack; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; /** * @author 大帥 */ @Configuration public class TopicQueueConfig { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @PostConstruct public void initRabbitTemplate() { // 設(shè)置生產(chǎn)者消息確認(rèn) rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitConfirmCallback()); rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(new RabbitConfirmReturnCallBack()); } /** * 聲明隊(duì)列名. */ private final String topic1 = "topic_queue_1"; private final String topic2 = "topic_queue_2"; /** * 聲明交換機(jī)的名字. */ private final String topicExchange = "topicExchange"; /** * 聲明隊(duì)列. * * @return */ @Bean public Queue topicQueue1() { return new Queue(topic1); } @Bean public Queue topicQueue2() { return new Queue(topic2); } /** * 聲明路由交換機(jī). * * @return */ @Bean public TopicExchange topicExchange() { return new TopicExchange(topicExchange); } /** * 隊(duì)列綁定交換機(jī),指定routingKey,也可在可視化工具中進(jìn)行綁定. * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingTopicExchange1(Queue topicQueue1, TopicExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1).to(exchange).with("topic.keyA"); } /** * 隊(duì)列綁定交換機(jī),指定routingKey,也可在可視化工具中進(jìn)行綁定. * 綁定的routing key 也可以使用通配符: * *:匹配不多不少一個(gè)詞 * #:匹配一個(gè)或多個(gè)詞 * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingTopicExchange2(Queue topicQueue2, TopicExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue2).to(exchange).with("topic.#"); } }
啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目發(fā)送消息,消息被正常消費(fèi),confim回調(diào)返回ack=true如果我們將exchange修改,發(fā)送到一個(gè)不存在的exchange中,會(huì)怎么樣呢?
會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)confirm回調(diào)為false,打印出結(jié)果為不存在topicExchange1111的交換機(jī)
如果我們?cè)谙M(fèi)端處理邏輯時(shí)出錯(cuò)會(huì)怎么樣呢?修改消費(fèi)端代碼我們?cè)谙M(fèi)時(shí)讓它報(bào)錯(cuò)
confirm回調(diào)為true,但是在rabbitmq的web界面會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)存在5條沒(méi)有消費(fèi)的消息
如果我們把
channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,false);
中最后一個(gè)參數(shù)改為false呢,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在web管理界面沒(méi)有未被消費(fèi)的消息,說(shuō)明這條消息已經(jīng)被摒棄。
實(shí)際開(kāi)發(fā)中,到底是打回到隊(duì)列呢還是摒棄,要看自己的需求,但是打回隊(duì)列應(yīng)該有次數(shù)限制,不然會(huì)陷入死循環(huán)。
繼續(xù)測(cè)試,將routingKey修改為一個(gè)沒(méi)有的key,
7.5 結(jié)論
- 如果消息沒(méi)有到exchange,則confirm回調(diào),ack=false
- 如果消息到達(dá)exchange,則confirm回調(diào),ack=true
- exchange到queue成功,則不回調(diào)return
- exchange到queue失敗,則回調(diào)return
8. 項(xiàng)目示例代碼:
下載地址:springboot-rabbitmq-demo_1619322789961
到此這篇關(guān)于rabbitmq五種模式詳解(含實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)rabbitmq五種模式內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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