詳解Android Activity的啟動流程

更新時(shí)間：2021年03月18日 10:24:56 作者：一碗清湯面

這篇文章主要介紹了詳解Android Activity的啟動流程，幫助大家更好的理解和學(xué)習(xí)使用Android，感興趣的朋友可以了解下

前言

activity啟動的流程分為兩部分：一是在activity中通過startActivity(Intent intent)方法啟動一個(gè)Activity；二是我們在桌面通過點(diǎn)擊應(yīng)用圖標(biāo)啟動一個(gè)App然后顯示Activity；第二種方式相較于第一種方式更加全面，所以本文會以第二種流程來分析。

簡要

我們手機(jī)的桌面是一個(gè)叫做Launcher的Activity，它羅列了手機(jī)中的應(yīng)用圖標(biāo)，圖標(biāo)中包含安裝apk時(shí)解析的應(yīng)用默認(rèn)啟動頁等信息。在點(diǎn)擊應(yīng)用圖標(biāo)時(shí)，即將要啟動的App和Launcher、AMS、Zygote所屬進(jìn)程不同所以涉及到Launcher與AMS，AMS與Zygote，AMS與新App這四者多次通信，才會啟動一個(gè)App,然后再啟動Activity，整體的時(shí)序圖如下：

接下來根據(jù)源碼來梳理一下流程。

1.Launcher向AMS發(fā)送啟動Activity

Launcher本身是一個(gè)Activity，在用戶點(diǎn)擊應(yīng)用圖標(biāo)時(shí)，調(diào)用startActivitySafely方法，最后調(diào)用到Activity.startActivity()，函數(shù)調(diào)用如下

Launcher.java
 public boolean startActivitySafely(View v, Intent intent, ItemInfo item) {
  ...
  //標(biāo)記在新的棧啟動
  intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
  ...
  startActivity(intent, optsBundle);
  ...
 }

Activity.java
 @Override
 public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
  this.startActivity(intent, null);
 }

 @Override
 public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
  ...
  if (options != null) {
   //-1為requestCode表明不需要知道是否啟動成功
   startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
  } else {
   startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
  }
 }

 public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
   @Nullable Bundle options) {
   ...
   Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
    mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
     this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken,this,intent, requestCode, options);
   ...
 }

每個(gè)Activity都持有Instrumentation對象，通過它的execStartActivity函數(shù)來繼續(xù)完成啟動Activity的流程，這個(gè)函數(shù)中傳入了mMainThread.getApplicationThread()，它獲取到的是ActivityThread的內(nèi)部類ApplicationThread，這是一個(gè)Binder對象，之后AMS通過此對象與App的通信。

Instrumentation.java
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
   Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
   Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
 ...
	int result = ActivityTaskManager.getService().startActivity(whoThread,who.getBasePackageName(),
  who.getAttributionTag(),intent,intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
  token,target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null, requestCode, 0, null, options); 
 ...
}

ActivityTaskManager.java
public static IActivityTaskManager getService() {
  return IActivityTaskManagerSingleton.get();
}
 
private static final Singleton<IActivityTaskManager> IActivityTaskManagerSingleton =
   new Singleton<IActivityTaskManager>() {
    @Override
    protected IActivityTaskManager create() {
     final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_TASK_SERVICE);
     return IActivityTaskManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
    }
    }
};

這一步Launcher開始向AMS通信，由于在不同的進(jìn)程所以需要通過Binder來通信,IActivityTaskManager是一個(gè)代理AMS端Binder的對象，之后AMS開始startActivity。到這里L(fēng)auncher向AMS請求啟動一個(gè)Activity的流程就結(jié)束了。

2.AMS啟動Activity并通知Launcher進(jìn)入Paused狀態(tài)

現(xiàn)在的流程是在AMS中，也就是另一個(gè)進(jìn)程中，上一步通過代理調(diào)用到AMS的startActivity方法，接下來的調(diào)用如下：

ActivityTaskManagerService.java
 @Override
 public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
   String callingFeatureId, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo,
   String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo,
   Bundle bOptions) {
  return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, callingFeatureId, intent, resolvedType,
    resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, bOptions,
    UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
 }
 
 @Override
 public int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
   String callingFeatureId, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo,
   String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo,
   Bundle bOptions, int userId) {
  return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, callingFeatureId, intent, resolvedType,
    resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, bOptions, userId,
    true /*validateIncomingUser*/);
 }
 
 private int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
   @Nullable String callingFeatureId, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
   IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags,
   ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId, boolean validateIncomingUser) {
	 ...
  userId = getActivityStartController().checkTargetUser(userId, validateIncomingUser,
    Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), "startActivityAsUser");
    
  return getActivityStartController().obtainStarter(intent, "startActivityAsUser")
    .setCaller(caller)
    .setCallingPackage(callingPackage)
    .setCallingFeatureId(callingFeatureId)
    .setResolvedType(resolvedType)
    .setResultTo(resultTo)
    .setResultWho(resultWho)
    .setRequestCode(requestCode)
    .setStartFlags(startFlags)
    .setProfilerInfo(profilerInfo)
    .setActivityOptions(bOptions)
    .setUserId(userId)
    .execute();
 }
 
 ActivityStarter obtainStarter(Intent intent, String reason) {
  return mFactory.obtain().setIntent(intent).setReason(reason);
 }

上面幾步主要是做權(quán)限檢查

ActivityStarter.java
 int execute() {
 ...
 res = executeRequest(mRequest);
 ...
 }
//層層調(diào)用會到下面這個(gè)方法
ActivityStack.java
 private boolean resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) {
 ...
 if (mResumedActivity != null) {
  pausing |= startPausingLocked(userLeaving, false , next);
 }
 ...
 mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivity(next, true, false);
 ...
 }

startPausingLocked方法主要是通知Launcher進(jìn)入Paused狀態(tài)，在它進(jìn)入這個(gè)狀態(tài)后，在ActivityStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivity方法判斷新的App進(jìn)程狀態(tài)做出不同響應(yīng)，如下：

ActivityStackSupervisor.java
void startSpecificActivity(ActivityRecord r, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
  // 獲取要啟動的Activity進(jìn)程信息
  final WindowProcessController wpc =
    mService.getProcessController(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo.uid);
  boolean knownToBeDead = false;
  //如果進(jìn)程存在且有進(jìn)程中有線程存在 就是啟動一個(gè)同應(yīng)用的Activity（普通Activity就在此執(zhí)行）
  if (wpc != null && wpc.hasThread()) {
   try {
    realStartActivityLocked(r, wpc, andResume, checkConfig);
    return;
   } catch (RemoteException e) {
    Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting activity "
      + r.intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString(), e);
   }

   // If a dead object exception was thrown -- fall through to
   // restart the application.
   knownToBeDead = true;
  }
	//否則通過AMS向Zygote進(jìn)程請求創(chuàng)建新的進(jìn)程
  r.notifyUnknownVisibilityLaunchedForKeyguardTransition();
  final boolean isTop = andResume && r.isTopRunningActivity();
  mService.startProcessAsync(r, knownToBeDead, isTop, isTop ? "top-activity" : "activity");
}

截止到這里完成了Launcher和AMS的通信，以及AMS和Zygote進(jìn)程的通信，接下來我們要創(chuàng)建要啟動的App的線程，即ActivityThread。

3.新的進(jìn)程啟動，ActivityThread的main函數(shù)入口

上一部分Zygote啟動新的進(jìn)程時(shí)標(biāo)記ActivityThread.main函數(shù)，在Zygote創(chuàng)建好新進(jìn)程后通過反射調(diào)用此方法，現(xiàn)在處于新App的進(jìn)程中。

ActivityThread.java
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ...
  Looper.prepareMainLooper();
	...
  ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
  thread.attach(false, startSeq);
	...
  Looper.loop();
	...
 }
 
 private void attach(boolean system, long startSeq) {
   final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManager.getService();
   try {
    mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread, startSeq);
   } catch (RemoteException ex) {
    throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
   }
   ...
 }
ActivityManagerService.java
 private boolean attachApplicationLocked(@NonNull IApplicationThread thread,
   int pid, int callingUid, long startSeq) {
   ...
   thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providerList,
      instr2.mClass,
      profilerInfo, instr2.mArguments,
      instr2.mWatcher,
      instr2.mUiAutomationConnection, testMode,
      mBinderTransactionTrackingEnabled, enableTrackAllocation,
      isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.isPersistent(),
      new Configuration(app.getWindowProcessController().getConfiguration()),
      app.compat, getCommonServicesLocked(app.isolated),
      mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked(),
      buildSerial, autofillOptions, contentCaptureOptions,
      app.mDisabledCompatChanges);
    ...
    didSomething = mAtmInternal.attachApplication(app.getWindowProcessController());
    ...
 }

這里主要是創(chuàng)建了Looper和ActivityThread對象，然后將當(dāng)前應(yīng)用ApplicationThread注冊到AMS中，ApplicationThread是ActivityThread的內(nèi)部類實(shí)現(xiàn)了IApplicationThread.Stub用此對象可跨進(jìn)程通信，上面的代碼邏輯分兩步，第一步，在AMS綁定ApplicationThread時(shí)，發(fā)送了一個(gè)H.BIND_APPLICATION的Message，在Handler中處理該消息時(shí)調(diào)用了Application的onCreate方法，第二步，在mAtmInternal的attachApplication層層調(diào)用到ActivityStackSupervisor.realStartActivityLocked方法，整體如下：

public final void bindApplication(String processName, ApplicationInfo appInfo,
    ProviderInfoList providerList, ComponentName instrumentationName,
    ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle instrumentationArgs,
    IInstrumentationWatcher instrumentationWatcher,
    IUiAutomationConnection instrumentationUiConnection, int debugMode,
    boolean enableBinderTracking, boolean trackAllocation,
    boolean isRestrictedBackupMode, boolean persistent, Configuration config,
    CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, Map services, Bundle coreSettings,
    String buildSerial, AutofillOptions autofillOptions,
    ContentCaptureOptions contentCaptureOptions, long[] disabledCompatChanges) {
    	...
    	sendMessage(H.BIND_APPLICATION, data);
 }
    
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
 switch (msg.what) {
  case BIND_APPLICATION:
  	AppBindData data = (AppBindData)msg.obj;
  	handleBindApplication(data);
  	Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
  	break;
  ...
  }
}

private void handleBindApplication(AppBindData data) {
	...
	mInstrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
	...
}

到這里為止，新的App線程已經(jīng)啟動并且綁定了Application。

4.創(chuàng)建Activity

ActivityStackSupervisor.java
boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, WindowProcessController proc,
  boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) throws RemoteException {
  ...
  final ClientTransaction clientTransaction = ClientTransaction.obtain(
    proc.getThread(), r.appToken);
   final DisplayContent dc = r.getDisplay().mDisplayContent;
   clientTransaction.addCallback(LaunchActivityItem.obtain(new Intent(r.intent),
     System.identityHashCode(r), r.info,
     mergedConfiguration.getGlobalConfiguration(),
     mergedConfiguration.getOverrideConfiguration(), r.compat,
     r.launchedFromPackage, task.voiceInteractor, proc.getReportedProcState(),
     r.getSavedState(), r.getPersistentSavedState(), results, newIntents,
     dc.isNextTransitionForward(), proc.createProfilerInfoIfNeeded(),
     r.assistToken, r.createFixedRotationAdjustmentsIfNeeded()));

   final ActivityLifecycleItem lifecycleItem;
   if (andResume) {
    lifecycleItem = ResumeActivityItem.obtain(dc.isNextTransitionForward());
   } else {
    lifecycleItem = PauseActivityItem.obtain();
   }
   clientTransaction.setLifecycleStateRequest(lifecycleItem);
   //執(zhí)行clientTransaction
   mService.getLifecycleManager().scheduleTransaction(clientTransaction);
   ...
}

ClientTransaction管理了Activity的啟動信息，由ClientLifecycleManager執(zhí)行，scheduleTransaction方法中發(fā)送了EXECUTE_TRANSACTION的消息給ActivityThread的H類處理，然后執(zhí)行TransactionExecutor.execute()，之后執(zhí)行handleLaunchActivity方法，如下

 void scheduleTransaction(ClientTransaction transaction) throws RemoteException {
  final IApplicationThread client = transaction.getClient();
  transaction.schedule();
  ...
 }

 public void schedule() throws RemoteException {
  mClient.scheduleTransaction(this);
 }

 void scheduleTransaction(ClientTransaction transaction) {
  transaction.preExecute(this);
  sendMessage(ActivityThread.H.EXECUTE_TRANSACTION, transaction);
 }

 class H extends Handler {
   ...
   public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
   ...
   case EXECUTE_TRANSACTION:
    final ClientTransaction transaction = (ClientTransaction) msg.obj;
    mTransactionExecutor.execute(transaction);
    if (isSystem()) {
     transaction.recycle();
    }
    break;
   ...
   } 
   ...
 }

 public void execute(ClientTransactionHandler client, IBinder token,
   PendingTransactionActions pendingActions) {
  ...
  client.handleLaunchActivity(r, pendingActions, null /* customIntent */);
 }

接下來由ActivityThread來處理后續(xù)操作

public Activity handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r,
   PendingTransactionActions pendingActions, Intent customIntent) {
  ...
  final Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
  ...
  return a;
}

private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
  ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
  ...
  java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
  activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
  ...
  Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
  ...
  activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
      r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
      r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
      r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback,
      r.assistToken);
  ...
  activity.setTheme(theme);
  ...
  mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
}

performLaunchActivity方法中主要做了以下幾件事：

創(chuàng)建要啟動activity的上下文環(huán)境
通過Instrumentation的newActivity方法，以反射形式創(chuàng)建activity實(shí)例
如果Application不存在的話會創(chuàng)建Application并調(diào)用Application的onCreate方法
初始化Activity，創(chuàng)建Window對象（PhoneWindow）并實(shí)現(xiàn)Activity和Window相關(guān)聯(lián)
通過Instrumentation調(diào)用Activity的onCreate方法