spring如何解決循環(huán)依賴問題詳解

更新時間：2021年03月03日 16:33:32 作者：morris131

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循環(huán)依賴其實就是循環(huán)引用，很多地方都說需要兩個或則兩個以上的bean互相持有對方最終形成閉環(huán)才是循環(huán)依賴，比如A依賴于B，B依賴于C，C又依賴于A。其實一個bean持有自己類型的屬性也會產(chǎn)生循環(huán)依賴。

setter singleton循環(huán)依賴

使用

SingleSetterBeanA依賴SingleSetterBeanB，SingleSetterBeanB依賴SingleSetterBeanA。

@Data
public class SingleSetterBeanA {
	@Autowired
	private SingleSetterBeanB singleSetterBeanB;
}

@Data
public class SingleSetterBeanB {
	@Autowired
	private SingleSetterBeanA singleSetterBeanA;
}

源碼分析

spring是通過三級緩存來解決循環(huán)依賴的，那么三級緩存是怎么工作的呢？

三級緩存對應(yīng)org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry類的三個屬性：

/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */
private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256); // 一級緩存

/** Cache of singleton factories: bean name to ObjectFactory. */
private final Map<String, ObjectFactory<?>> singletonFactories = new HashMap<>(16); // 二級緩存

/** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */
private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16); // 三級緩存

對于setter注入造成的依賴是通過Spring容器提前暴露剛完成實例化但未完成初始化的bean來完成的，而且只能解決單例作用域的bean循環(huán)依賴。通過提前暴露一個單例工廠方法，從而使其他bean能引用到該bean，關(guān)鍵源碼如下所示：

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean

// 處理循環(huán)依賴，實例化后放入三級緩存
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
		isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
	if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
		logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
				"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
	}
	addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}

bean實例化后放入三級緩存中：

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry#addSingletonFactory

protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
	Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
	synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
		if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
			this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory); // 三級緩存
			this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
			this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
		}
	}
}

放入三級緩存中的是ObjectFactory類型的lambda表達式：

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#getEarlyBeanReference

protected Object getEarlyBeanReference(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object bean) {
	Object exposedObject = bean;
	if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
		for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
			if (bp instanceof SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
				SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
				/**
				 * @see org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAutoProxyCreator#getEarlyBeanReference(java.lang.Object, java.lang.String)
				 */
				// 使用AbstractAutoProxyCreator#getEarlyBeanReference創(chuàng)建代理對象
				exposedObject = ibp.getEarlyBeanReference(exposedObject, beanName);
			}
		}
	}
	return exposedObject;
}

構(gòu)造器參數(shù)循環(huán)依賴

通過構(gòu)造器注入構(gòu)成的循環(huán)依賴，此依賴是無法解決的，只能拋出BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示循環(huán)依賴。

使用

@Data
public class SingleConstrutorBeanA {
	public SingleConstrutorBeanA(SingleConstrutorBeanB singleConstrutorBeanB) {
	}
}

@Data
public class SingleConstrutorBeanB {
	public SingleConstrutorBeanB(SingleConstrutorBeanA singleConstrutorBeanA) {
	}
}

上面的代碼運行時會拋出如下異常：

... ...
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'singleConstrutorBeanB': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'singleConstrutorBeanA': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:805)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:228)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1403)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1245)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:579)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:538)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:329)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:276)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1321)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1240)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:892)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:796)
	... 76 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'singleConstrutorBeanA': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.beforeSingletonCreation(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:355)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:227)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:276)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1321)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1240)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:892)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:796)
	... 90 more

源碼分析

Spring容器會將每一個正在創(chuàng)建的Bean標識符放在一個“當前創(chuàng)建Bean池”中，Bean標識符在創(chuàng)建過程中將一直保持在這個池中，因此如果在創(chuàng)建Bean過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)在“當前創(chuàng)建Bean池”里時將拋出BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示循環(huán)依賴；而對于創(chuàng)建完畢的Bean將從“當前創(chuàng)建Bean池”中清除掉。

protected void beforeSingletonCreation(String beanName) {
	if (!this.inCreationCheckExclusions.contains(beanName) && !this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.add(beanName)) {
		throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
	}
}

@Lazy打破循環(huán)依賴

在上面的例子中只需要在SingleConstrutorBeanA或者SingleConstrutorBeanB的構(gòu)造方法上面加上@Lazy注解，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)不會拋出異常了，這又是為什么呢？

下面假設(shè)在SingleConstrutorBeanA的構(gòu)造方法上面加了@Lazy注解，在構(gòu)造B時，發(fā)現(xiàn)參數(shù)A時被@Lazy注解修飾時，那么就不會調(diào)用getBean來獲取對象，而是創(chuàng)建了一個代理對象，所以不會構(gòu)成真正的循環(huán)依賴，不會拋出BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常。

/**
 * 處理懶加載對象
 * 懶加載返回的又是一個代理對象，不會真正的調(diào)用getBean，所以如果構(gòu)造方法依賴中有循環(huán)依賴，那么不會報錯
 * @see org.springframework.context.annotation.ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver#getLazyResolutionProxyIfNecessary(org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor, java.lang.String)
 */
Object result = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getLazyResolutionProxyIfNecessary(
		descriptor, requestingBeanName);
if (result == null) {
	// 調(diào)用beanFactory.getBean(beanName)從容器中獲取依賴對象
	result = doResolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
}
return result;

setter prototype循環(huán)依賴

對于prototype作用域bean，Spring容器無法完成依賴注入，因為Spring容器不進行緩存"prototype"作用域的bean，因此無法提前暴露一個創(chuàng)建中的bean。

使用

@Data
@Component
@Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
public class PrototypeBeanA {
	@Autowired
	private PrototypeBeanB prototypeBeanB;
}

@Data
@Component
@Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
public class PrototypeBeanB {
	@Autowired
	private PrototypeBeanA prototypeBeanA;
}

@Test
public void test3() {
	AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
	applicationContext.register(PrototypeBeanA.class);
	applicationContext.register(PrototypeBeanB.class);
	applicationContext.refresh();
	applicationContext.getBean(PrototypeBeanA.class); // 此時必須要獲取Spring管理的實例，因為現(xiàn)在scope="prototype" 只有請求獲取的時候才會實例化對象
}

運行結(jié)果如下：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'prototypeBeanA': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:269)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:276)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1322)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1240)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:668)
	... 89 more

源碼分析

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean

... ...
// 判斷是否在當前創(chuàng)建Bean池中
if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
	throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
}
... ...

異常就是在上面的代碼中拋出來的，那么beanName是什么時候添加至當前創(chuàng)建Bean池中的呢？

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean

else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
	// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
	// prototype類型的bean的實例化
	Object prototypeInstance = null;
	try {
		beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
		prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
	}
	finally {
		afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
	}
	bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#beforePrototypeCreation

protected void beforePrototypeCreation(String beanName) {
	// ThreadLocal
	Object curVal = this.prototypesCurrentlyInCreation.get();
	if (curVal == null) {
		this.prototypesCurrentlyInCreation.set(beanName);
	}
	else if (curVal instanceof String) {
		Set<String> beanNameSet = new HashSet<>(2);
		beanNameSet.add((String) curVal);
		beanNameSet.add(beanName);
		this.prototypesCurrentlyInCreation.set(beanNameSet);
	}
	else {
		Set<String> beanNameSet = (Set<String>) curVal;
		beanNameSet.add(beanName);
	}
}

其根本原因就是Spring容器不會對prototype類型的bean進行緩存，因此無法提前利用三級緩存暴露一個代理對象。

循環(huán)依賴開關(guān)

可以通過allowCircularReferences來禁止循環(huán)依賴，這樣的話，singleton bean的setter循環(huán)依賴也會報錯。

二級緩存可行？

緩存	說明
singletonObjects	第一級緩存，存放可用的成品Bean。
earlySingletonObjects	第二級緩存，存放半成品的Bean，半成品的Bean是已創(chuàng)建對象，但是未注入屬性和初始化，用以解決循環(huán)依賴。
singletonFactories	第三級緩存，存的是Bean工廠對象，用來生成半成品的Bean并放入到二級緩存中，用以解決循環(huán)依賴。

理論上二級緩存時可行的，只需要將三級緩存中BeanFactory創(chuàng)建的對象提前放入二級緩存中，這樣三級緩存就可以移除了。

那么spring中為什么還要使用三級緩存呢？如果要使用二級緩存解決循環(huán)依賴，意味著所有Bean在實例化后就要完成AOP代理，這樣違背了Spring設(shè)計的原則，Spring在設(shè)計之初就是通過AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator這個后置處理器來在Bean生命周期的最后一步來完成AOP代理，而不是在實例化后就立馬進行AOP代理。