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Django 實(shí)現(xiàn)圖片上傳和下載功能

 更新時(shí)間：2020年12月31日 10:31:38   作者：lixinliang  
這篇文章主要介紹了Django 如何實(shí)現(xiàn)圖片上傳和下載功能，幫助大家更好的理解和使用django框架，感興趣的朋友可以了解下

原生上傳圖片方式

#新建工程 
python manage.py startapp test30
#修改 settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
  'django.contrib.admin',
  'django.contrib.auth',
  'django.contrib.contenttypes',
  'django.contrib.sessions',
  'django.contrib.messages',
  'django.contrib.staticfiles',
  'stu'
]
#修改urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
  url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  url(r'student/',include('stu.urls')),
]
#新增加 stu/urls.py 
#coding:utf-8
from django.conf.urls import url
import views
urlpatterns = [
  url(r'^$',views.index_view)
]
#編輯 stu/views.py 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
#原生上傳文件方式
def index_view(request):
  if request.method == 'GET':
    return render(request,'index.html')
  elif request.method == 'POST':
    #獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
    uname = request.POST.get('uname','')
    photo = request.FILES.get('photo','')
    print photo.name
    import os
    print os.getcwd()
    if not os.path.exists('media'):
       os.mkdir('media')
    #拼接路徑
    with open(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'media',photo.name),'wb') as fw:
      # photo.read() #一次性讀取文件到內(nèi)存
      # fw.write(photo.read())

      #分塊讀取，性能高
      for ck in photo.chunks():
        fw.write(ck)

    return HttpResponse('It is post request,上傳成功')

  else:
    return HttpResponse('It is not post and get request!')
#新增加模板文件 templates/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/student/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  {% csrf_token %}
  <p>
    <label for="ua">姓名: </label> <input type="text" name="uname" id="ua"/>
  </p>
  <p>
    <label for="ph">頭像: </label> <input type="file" name="photo" id="ph"/>
  </p>
  <p>
    &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;<input type="submit" value="注冊(cè)"/>
  </p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
#效果如下:
訪問(wèn): http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/

Django 圖片上傳方式

需求：
效果: 訪問(wèn) http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/ 通過(guò)注冊(cè)將姓名、頭像地址傳入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中；
訪問(wèn) http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/showall 將數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息通過(guò)表格形式展示

###過(guò)程
#修改 settings.py ，templates 新增加 'django.template.context_processors.media'
TEMPLATES = [
  {
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
    'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
    ,
    'APP_DIRS': True,
    'OPTIONS': {
      'context_processors': [
        'django.template.context_processors.debug',
        'django.template.context_processors.request',
        'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
        'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
        'django.template.context_processors.media'
      ],
    },
  },
]

末尾增加：
# global_settings
#指定上傳文件存儲(chǔ)相對(duì)路徑（讀取文件）
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
#指定上傳文件存儲(chǔ)絕對(duì)路徑（存儲(chǔ)文件）
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')

#創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)模型 stu/models.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Student(models.Model):
  sno = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
  sname = models.CharField(max_length=30)
  photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='imgs')

  def __unicode__(self):
    return u'Student:%s'%self.sname
#生成數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)遷移文件,查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表結(jié)構(gòu)
python makemigrations stu
python migrate 


#修改 urls.py 因?yàn)轱@示問(wèn)題，增加 DEBUG 內(nèi)容
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin

from test30.settings import DEBUG, MEDIA_ROOT

urlpatterns = [
  url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  url(r'student/',include('stu.urls')),
]
from django.views.static import serve
if DEBUG:
  urlpatterns+=url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)/$', serve, {"document_root": MEDIA_ROOT}),

#修改 urls， stu/urls.py
#coding:utf-8
from django.conf.urls import url
import views
urlpatterns = [
  url(r'^$',views.index_view),
  url(r'^upload/$',views.upload_view),
  url(r'^showall/$',views.showall_view)
]

# 修改 stu/views.py
#django 上傳文件方式
def upload_view(request):
  uname = request.POST.get('uname','')
  photo = request.FILES.get('photo','')
  #入庫(kù)操作
  Student.objects.create(sname=uname,photo=photo)
  return HttpResponse('上傳成功!')

#顯示圖片
def showall_view(request):
  stus = Student.objects.all()
  print stus
  return render(request,'show.html',{'stus':stus})

# 修改 index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/student/upload/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  {% csrf_token %}
  <p>
    <label for="ua">姓名: </label> <input type="text" name="uname" id="ua"/>
  </p>
  <p>
    <label for="ph">頭像: </label> <input type="file" name="photo" id="ph"/>
  </p>
  <p>
    &emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;<input type="submit" value="注冊(cè)"/>
  </p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
# 增加模板文件 show.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<table width="500px" border="1" cellspacing="0">
  <tr>
    <th>編號(hào)</th>
    <th>姓名</th>
    <th>頭像</th>
    <th>操作</th>
  </tr>
  {% for stu in stus %}
  <tr>
  <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
  <td>{{ stu.sname }}</td>
  <td><img style="width: 200px;" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ stu.photo }}"/></td>
  <td> 下載</td>
  </tr>
  {% endfor %}

</table>
</body>
</html>
效果圖：
http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/ 注冊(cè)實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)錄入操作(點(diǎn)擊提交通過(guò)index.html 中action="/student/upload/" 將url 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)至函數(shù)upload_view ，實(shí)現(xiàn)上傳功能)
http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/showall/ 實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息展示

圖片下載功能

### 需求
在顯示頁(yè)面點(diǎn)擊下載實(shí)現(xiàn)圖片的下載功能
過(guò)程：

#修改 show.html ，加入 下載的超鏈接
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<table width="500px" border="1" cellspacing="0">
  <tr>
    <th>編號(hào)</th>
    <th>姓名</th>
    <th>頭像</th>
    <th>操作</th>
  </tr>
  {% for stu in stus %}
  <tr>
  <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
  <td>{{ stu.sname }}</td>
  <td><img style="width: 200px;" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ stu.photo }}"/></td>
  <td><a href="/student/download/?photo={{ stu.photo }}" rel="external nofollow" >下載</a></td>
  </tr>
  {% endfor %}

</table>
</body>
</html>


#因?yàn)?show.html href="/student/download ，所以要修改urls
#修改 stu/urls.py,新增加 url
url(r'^download/$',views.download_view)

#修改 stu/views.py

def download_view(request):
  # 獲取請(qǐng)求參數(shù)（圖片存儲(chǔ)位置） imgs/5566.jpg
  photo = request.GET.get('photo','')
  print photo

  # 獲取圖片文件名5566.jpg ; rindex 為字符 '/' 在 photo 中最后出現(xiàn)的位置索引；例如
  # txt = "imgs/5566.jpg"
  # x = txt.rindex("/")
  # print txt[x + 1:]  輸出結(jié)果為 5566.jpg
  filename = photo[photo.rindex('/')+1:]
  print filename
  #開啟一個(gè)流
  import os
  path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'media',photo.replace('/','\\'))
  print path

  with open(path,'rb') as fr:
    response = HttpResponse(fr.read())
    response['Content-Type']='image/png'
    response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment;filename=' + filename

  return response

#訪問(wèn) http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/showall/ ，點(diǎn)擊下載

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