Python requests HTTP驗證登錄實現(xiàn)流程

更新時間：2020年11月05日 12:00:09 作者：南風丶輕語

這篇文章主要介紹了Python requests HTTP驗證登錄實現(xiàn)流程,文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值,需要的朋友可以參考下

1、場景

1）用戶輸入完網(wǎng)址后，瀏覽器直接彈出需要輸入用戶名/密碼

PS：此時輸入用戶名密碼即可登錄，或者直接帶著用戶名密碼訪問網(wǎng)站。

假設url為http://xxx.yyy.zzz

用戶名為admin

密碼為123456

則訪問的網(wǎng)址應該為http://admin:123456@xxx.yyy.zzz【http://username:password@url】

直接訪問改網(wǎng)址即可

2）利用requests.get(url)返回狀態(tài)碼為401

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-
import requests
if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = 'http://xxxxx.yyyyyy'
  response = requests.get(url=url)
  status_code = response.status_code
  print status_code
  text = response.text
  print text

運行

401
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>
<title>401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials.</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body{margin:0;font-size:.7em;font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;background:#EEEEEE;}
fieldset{padding:0 15px 10px 15px;} 
h1{font-size:2.4em;margin:0;color:#FFF;}
h2{font-size:1.7em;margin:0;color:#CC0000;} 
h3{font-size:1.2em;margin:10px 0 0 0;color:#000000;} 
#header{width:96%;margin:0 0 0 0;padding:6px 2% 6px 2%;font-family:"trebuchet MS", Verdana, sans-serif;color:#FFF;
background-color:#555555;}
#content{margin:0 0 0 2%;position:relative;}
.content-container{background:#FFF;width:96%;margin-top:8px;padding:10px;position:relative;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header"><h1>Server Error</h1></div>
<div id="content">
 <div class="content-container"><fieldset>
 <h2>401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials.</h2>
 <h3>You do not have permission to view this directory or page using the credentials that you supplied.</h3>
 </fieldset></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

2、HTTP基礎驗證

這是一種簡單的身份認證，它是通過http的authorization請求頭中，攜帶經過base64加密的用戶名和密碼而實現(xiàn)的一種認證

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'
  user = 'admin'
  password = '123456'
  response = requests.get(url=url, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(user, password))
  # 或者
  # response = requests.get(url=url, auth=(user, password))
  print response.status_code

3、摘要式身份認證

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth

if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'
  user = 'admin'
  password = '123456'
  response = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password))
  print response.status_code

如果2和3都不行，還是返回401，此時可以試試第4種

使用2和3依舊返回401,此時可以print出response.headers看一下

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth

if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'
  user = 'admin'
  password = '123456'
  response = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password))
  print response.status_code
  print response.headers

運行

401
{'Content-Length': '1293', 'X-Powered-By': 'ASP.NET', 'Server': 'Microsoft-IIS/7.5', 'Date': 'Fri, 05 Jun 2020 05:36:23 GMT', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'WWW-Authenticate': 'Negotiate, NTLM'}

打印后可看到headers中帶有字樣'WWW-Authenticate': 'Negotiate, NTLM'，表示需要ntlm驗證，此時嘗試使用第4種[/code]

4、ntlm驗證

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-
import requests
from requests_ntlm import HttpNtlmAuth
if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = 'http://xxx.yyy.zzz'
  user = 'admin'
  password = '123456'
  response = requests.get(url, auth=HttpNtlmAuth(user, password))
  print response.status_code
  print response.headers

以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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