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詳解ES6中class的實現(xiàn)原理

 更新時間:2020年10月03日 10:36:41   作者:guo&qi  
這篇文章主要介紹了詳解ES6中class的實現(xiàn)原理,幫助大家更好的理解和學(xué)習(xí)JavaScript es6,感興趣的朋友可以了解下

一、在ES6以前實現(xiàn)類和繼承

  實現(xiàn)類的代碼如下:

function Person(name, age) {
  this.name = name;
  this.age = age;
}

Person.prototype.speakSomething = function () {
  console.log("I can speek chinese");
};

  實現(xiàn)繼承的代碼如下:一般使用原型鏈繼承和call繼承混合的形式

function Person(name) {
  this.name = name;
}

Person.prototype.showName = function () {
  return `名字是:${this.name}`;
};

function Student(name, skill) {
  Person.call(this, name);//繼承屬性
  this.skill = skill;
}

Student.prototype = new Person();//繼承方法

二、ES6使用class定義類

class Parent {
  constructor(name,age){
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }
  speakSomething(){
    console.log("I can speek chinese");
  }
}

  經(jīng)過babel轉(zhuǎn)碼之后

function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {
  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {
    throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function");
  }
}

var Parent = function () {
  function Parent(name, age) {
    _classCallCheck(this, Parent);

    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }

  _createClass(Parent, [{
    key: "speakSomething",
    value: function speakSomething() {
      console.log("I can speek chinese");
    }
  }]);

  return Parent;
}();

   可以看到ES6類的底層還是通過構(gòu)造函數(shù)去創(chuàng)建的。

   通過ES6創(chuàng)建的類,是不允許你直接調(diào)用的。在ES5中,構(gòu)造函數(shù)是可以直接運行的,比如Parent()。但是在ES6就不行。我們可以看到轉(zhuǎn)碼的構(gòu)造函數(shù)中有_classCallCheck(this, Parent)語句,這句話是防止你通過構(gòu)造函數(shù)直接運行的。你直接在ES6運行Parent(),這是不允許的,ES6中拋出Class constructor Parent cannot be invoked without 'new'錯誤。轉(zhuǎn)碼后的會拋出Cannot call a class as a function.能夠規(guī)范化類的使用方式。

  轉(zhuǎn)碼中_createClass方法,它調(diào)用Object.defineProperty方法去給新創(chuàng)建的Parent添加各種屬性。defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps)是給原型添加屬性。如果你有靜態(tài)屬性,會直接添加到構(gòu)造函數(shù)defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps)上。

三、ES6實現(xiàn)繼承

  我們給Parent添加靜態(tài)屬性,原型屬性,內(nèi)部屬性。

class Parent {
  static height = 12
  constructor(name,age){
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }
  speakSomething(){
    console.log("I can speek chinese");
  }
}
Parent.prototype.color = 'yellow'


//定義子類,繼承父類
class Child extends Parent {
  static width = 18
  constructor(name,age){
    super(name,age);
  }
  coding(){
    console.log("I can code JS");
  }
}

  經(jīng)過babel轉(zhuǎn)碼之后

"use strict";
 
var _createClass = function () {
  function defineProperties(target, props) {
    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
      var descriptor = props[i];
      descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;
      descriptor.configurable = true;
      if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;
      Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);
    }
  }
 
  return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {
    if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);
    if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);
    return Constructor;
  };
}();
 
function _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {
  if (!self) {
    throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");
  }
  return call && (typeof call === "object" || typeof call === "function") ? call : self;
}
 
function _inherits(subClass, superClass) {
  if (typeof superClass !== "function" && superClass !== null) {
    throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not " + typeof superClass);
  }
  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {
    constructor: {
      value: subClass,
      enumerable: false,
      writable: true,
      configurable: true
    }
  });
  if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass;
}
 
function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {
  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {
    throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function");
  }
}
 
var Parent = function () {
  function Parent(name, age) {
    _classCallCheck(this, Parent);
 
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }
 
  _createClass(Parent, [{
    key: "speakSomething",
    value: function speakSomething() {
      console.log("I can speek chinese");
    }
  }]);
 
  return Parent;
}();
 
Parent.height = 12;
 
Parent.prototype.color = 'yellow';
 
//定義子類,繼承父類
 
var Child = function (_Parent) {
  _inherits(Child, _Parent);
 
  function Child(name, age) {
    _classCallCheck(this, Child);
 
    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, (Child.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(Child)).call(this, name, age));
  }
 
  _createClass(Child, [{
    key: "coding",
    value: function coding() {
      console.log("I can code JS");
    }
  }]);
 
  return Child;
}(Parent);
 
Child.width = 18;

  構(gòu)造類的方法都沒變,只是添加了_inherits核心方法來實現(xiàn)繼承。具體步驟如下:

  首先是判斷父類的類型,然后:

subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {
    constructor: {
      value: subClass,
      enumerable: false,
      writable: true,
      configurable: true
    }
  });

  這段代碼翻譯下來就是

function F(){}
F.prototype = superClass.prototype
subClass.prototype = new F()
subClass.prototype.constructor = subClass

  接下來就是subClass.__proto__ = superClass

  _inherits核心思想就是下面兩句: 

subClass.prototype.__proto__ = superClass.prototype
subClass.__proto__ = superClass

  如下圖所示:

  首先 subClass.prototype.__proto__ = superClass.prototype保證了子類的實例instanceof父類是true,子類的實例可以訪問到父類的屬性,包括內(nèi)部屬性,以及原型屬性。

  其次,subClass.__proto__ = superClass,保證了靜態(tài)屬性也能訪問到,也就是這個例子中的Child.height。

以上就是詳解ES6中class的實現(xiàn)原理的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,更多關(guān)于ES6中class的實現(xiàn)原理的資料請關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章!

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