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MySQL如何優(yōu)雅的備份賬號相關(guān)信息

更新時間：2020年08月28日 11:16:24 作者：MySQL技術(shù)

這篇文章主要介紹了MySQL如何優(yōu)雅的備份賬號相關(guān)信息，幫助大家更好的理解和學(xué)習(xí)MySQL，感興趣的朋友可以了解下

前言：

最近遇到實例遷移的問題，數(shù)據(jù)遷完后還需要將數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶及權(quán)限遷移過去。進行邏輯備份時，我一般習(xí)慣將MySQL系統(tǒng)庫排除掉，這樣備份里面就不包含數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶相關(guān)信息了。這時候如果想遷移用戶相關(guān)信息可以采用以下三種方案，類似的我們也可以采用以下三種方案來備份數(shù)據(jù)庫賬號相關(guān)信息。（本文方案針對MySQL5.7版本，其他版本稍有不同）

1.mysqldump邏輯導(dǎo)出用戶相關(guān)信息

我們知道，數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶密碼及權(quán)限相關(guān)信息保存在系統(tǒng)庫mysql 里面。采用mysqldump可以將相關(guān)表數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出來如果有遷移用戶的需求我們可以按照需求在另外的實例中插入這些數(shù)據(jù)。下面我們來演示下：

#只導(dǎo)出mysql庫中的user，db，tables_priv表數(shù)據(jù) 
#如果你有針隊column的賦權(quán) 可以再導(dǎo)出columns_priv表數(shù)據(jù)
#若數(shù)據(jù)庫開啟了GTID 導(dǎo)出時最好加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF
mysqldump -uroot -proot mysql user db tables_priv -t --skip-extended-insert > /tmp/user_info.sql

#導(dǎo)出的具體信息
--
-- Dumping data for table `user`
--

LOCK TABLES `user` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','root','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B','N','2019-03-06 03:03:15',NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.session','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_na
tive_password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native
_password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29','N','2019-04-19 06:24:54',NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','read','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','*
2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736','N','2019-04-19 06:27:45',NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test_user','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_passwor
d','*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17','N','2019-04-19 06:29:38',NULL,'N');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

--
-- Dumping data for table `db`
--

LOCK TABLES `db` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','performance_schema','mysql.session','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N');
INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y');
INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('%','test_db','test','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N','N','N','Y','N','N','Y','Y','N','N','Y','N','N');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

--
-- Dumping data for table `tables_priv`
--

LOCK TABLES `tables_priv` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','mysql','mysql.session','user','boot@connecting host','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select','');
INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','sys_config','root@localhost','2019-03-06 02:57:40','Select','');
INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('%','test_db','test_user','t1','root@localhost','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select,Insert,Update,Delete','');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

#在新的實例插入所需數(shù)據(jù) 就可以創(chuàng)建出相同的用戶及權(quán)限了

2.自定義腳本導(dǎo)出

首先拼接出創(chuàng)建用戶的語句：

SELECT
	CONCAT(
		'create user \'',
  user,
  '\'@\'',
  Host,
  '\''
  ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',
  authentication_string,
		'\';'
	) AS CreateUserQuery
FROM
	mysql.`user`
WHERE
	`User` NOT IN (
		'mysql.session',
		'mysql.sys'
	);
	
#結(jié)果 在新實例執(zhí)行后可以創(chuàng)建出相同密碼的用戶
mysql> SELECT
  -> CONCAT(
  -> 'create user \'',
  ->   user,
  ->   '\'@\'',
  ->   Host,
  ->   '\''
  ->   ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',
  ->   authentication_string,
  -> '\';'
  -> ) AS CreateUserQuery
  -> FROM
  -> mysql.`user`
  -> WHERE
  -> `User` NOT IN (
  -> 'mysql.session',
  -> 'mysql.sys'
  -> );
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CreateUserQuery                                         |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| create user 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B';   |
| create user 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29';   |
| create user 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736';   |
| create user 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17'; |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

然后通過腳本導(dǎo)出用戶權(quán)限：

#導(dǎo)出權(quán)限腳本
#!/bin/bash 
#Function export user privileges 
 
pwd=root 
expgrants() 
{ 
 mysql -B -u'root' -p${pwd} -N $@ -e "SELECT CONCAT( 'SHOW GRANTS FOR ''', user, '''@''', host, ''';' ) AS query FROM mysql.user" | \
 mysql -u'root' -p${pwd} $@ | \
 sed 's/\(GRANT .*\)/\1;/;s/^\(Grants for .*\)/-- \1 /;/--/{x;p;x;}' 
} 
 
expgrants > /tmp/grants.sql
echo "flush privileges;" >> /tmp/grants.sql

#執(zhí)行腳本后結(jié)果
-- Grants for read@% 
GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%';

-- Grants for root@% 
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;

-- Grants for test@% 
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%';

-- Grants for test_user@% 
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%';

-- Grants for mysql.session@localhost 
GRANT SUPER ON *.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON `performance_schema`.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON `mysql`.`user` TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';

-- Grants for mysql.sys@localhost 
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
GRANT SELECT ON `sys`.`sys_config` TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';

3.mysqlpump直接導(dǎo)出用戶

mysqlpump是mysqldump的一個衍生，也是MySQL邏輯備份的工具。mysqlpump可用的選項更多，可以直接導(dǎo)出創(chuàng)建用戶的語句及賦權(quán)的語句。下面我們來演示下：

#exclude-databases排除數(shù)據(jù)庫 --users指定導(dǎo)出用戶 exclude-users排除哪些用戶 
#還可以增加 --add-drop-user 參數(shù) 生成drop user語句
#若數(shù)據(jù)庫開啟了GTID 導(dǎo)出時必須加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF
mysqlpump -uroot -proot --exclude-databases=% --users --exclude-users=mysql.session,mysql.sys > /tmp/user.sql

#導(dǎo)出的結(jié)果
-- Dump created by MySQL pump utility, version: 5.7.23, linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64)
-- Dump start time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019
-- Server version: 5.7.23

SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0;
SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE;
SET SQL_MODE="NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0;
SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE;
SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00';
SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT;
SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS;
SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION;
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
CREATE USER 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%';
CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
CREATE USER 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%';
CREATE USER 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%';
SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE;
SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT;
SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS;
SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS;
SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS;
SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE;
-- Dump end time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019

#可以看出 導(dǎo)出結(jié)果只包含創(chuàng)建用戶及賦權(quán)的語句 十分好用
#mysqlpump詳細用法可參考：
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqlpump.html

總結(jié)：

本篇文章介紹了三種導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶信息的方案，每種方案都給出了腳本并進行演示。同時這三種方案稍加以封裝都可以作為備份數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶權(quán)限的腳本?？赡苣氵€有其他方案，如：pt-show-grants等，歡迎分享出來哦，也歡迎大家收藏或者改造成更適合自己的腳本，說不定什么時候就會用到哦特別是一個實例有好多用戶時，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)腳本更好用哈。

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