Spring Boot 集成 Sharding-JDBC + Mybatis-Plus 實現(xiàn)分庫分表功能

更新時間：2020年08月27日 09:12:03 作者：Java技術(shù)小吳

這篇文章主要介紹了Spring Boot 集成 Sharding-JDBC + Mybatis-Plus 實現(xiàn)分庫分表功能,本文通過實例代碼給大家介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學習或工作具有一定的參考借鑒價值，需要的朋友可以參考下

一、 Sharding-jdbc簡介

“
Sharding-jdbc是開源的數(shù)據(jù)庫操作中間件；定位為輕量級Java框架，在Java的JDBC層提供的額外服務。它使用客戶端直連數(shù)據(jù)庫，以jar包形式提供服務，無需額外部署和依賴，可理解為增強版的JDBC驅(qū)動，完全兼容JDBC和各種ORM框架。

官方文檔地址：https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/overview/

本文demo實現(xiàn)了分庫分表功能。如有錯誤，歡迎各位在評論中指出。不勝感激！

二、項目結(jié)構(gòu)

首先創(chuàng)建一個一般的Spring boot項目，項目采用三層架構(gòu)，結(jié)構(gòu)圖如下：

POM.xml文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>
  <groupId>com.macky</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-shardingjdbc</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>spring-boot-shardingjdbc</name>
  <description>Demo project for spring-boot-shardingjdbc</description>
 
  <properties>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>
 
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
 
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--mysql-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--Mybatis-Plus-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--shardingsphere start-->
    <!-- for spring boot -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.shardingsphere</groupId>
      <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- for spring namespace -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.shardingsphere</groupId>
      <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-namespace</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--shardingsphere end-->
    <!--lombok-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
 
</project>

實體類以書本為例

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity;
 
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.activerecord.Model;
import groovy.transform.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
 
/**
 * @author Macky
 * @Title class Book
 * @Description: 書籍是實體類
 * @date 2019/7/13 15:23
 */
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
@Accessors(chain = true)
@TableName("book")
public class Book extends Model<Book> {
  private int id;
  private String name;
  private int count;
}

開放保存和查詢兩個接口，代碼如下：

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.controller;
 
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
 
import java.util.List;
 
/**
 * @author Macky
 * @Title class BookController
 * @Description: TODO
 * @date 2019/7/12 20:53
 */
@RestController
public class BookController {
 
  @Autowired
  BookService bookService;
 
  @RequestMapping(value = "/book", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public List<Book> getItems(){
    return bookService.getBookList();
  }
 
  @RequestMapping(value = "/book",method = RequestMethod.POST)
  public Boolean saveItem(Book book){
    return bookService.save(book);
  }
}

BookServiceImpl.java

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.impl;
 
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.mapper.BookMapper;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
import java.util.List;
 
/**
 * @author Macky
 * @Title class BookServiceImpl
 * @Description: TODO
 * @date 2019/7/12 20:47
 */
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<BookMapper, Book> implements BookService {
 
  @Override
  public List<Book> getBookList() {
    return baseMapper.selectList(Wrappers.<Book>lambdaQuery());
  }
 
  @Override
  public boolean save(Book book) {
    return super.save(book);
  }
}

BookMapper.java

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.mapper;
 
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;
 
/**
 * @author Macky
 * @Title class BookMapper
 * @Description: TODO
 * @date 2019/7/12 20:46
 */
public interface BookMapper extends BaseMapper<Book> {
}

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫表，DDL語句如下

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫表數(shù)據(jù)
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db0`;
USE `db0`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;
CREATE TABLE `book_0` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;
CREATE TABLE `book_1` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
 
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db1`;
USE `db1`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;
CREATE TABLE `book_0` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;
CREATE TABLE `book_1` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
 
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db2`;
USE `db2`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;
CREATE TABLE `book_0` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;
CREATE TABLE `book_1` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

配置分庫分表策略application.properties：

> 推薦一個艿艿寫的 3000+ Star 的 SpringCloud Alibaba 電商開源項目的倉庫：<https://github.com/YunaiV/onemall>
 
# 數(shù)據(jù)源 db0,db1,db2
sharding.jdbc.datasource.names=db0,db1,db2
# 第一個數(shù)據(jù)庫
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.username=root
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.password=Aa123456
 
# 第二個數(shù)據(jù)庫
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.username=root
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.password=Aa123456
 
# 第三個數(shù)據(jù)庫
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.username=root
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.password=Aa123456
 
# 水平拆分的數(shù)據(jù)庫（表） 配置分庫 + 分表策略 行表達式分片策略
# 分庫策略
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=db$->{id % 3}
 
# 分表策略 其中book為邏輯表 分表主要取決于id行
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.actual-data-nodes=db$->{0..2}.book_$->{0..2}
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=count
# 分片算法表達式
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=book_$->{count % 3}
 
# 主鍵 UUID 18位數(shù) 如果是分布式還要進行一個設(shè)置 防止主鍵重復
#sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.user.key-generator-column-name=id
 
# 打印執(zhí)行的數(shù)據(jù)庫以及語句
sharding.jdbc.config.props..sql.show=true
spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true
 
#讀寫分離
sharding.jdbc.datasource.dsmaster =

接口測試使用postman

示例：

GET請求------>http://localhost:8080/book
POST請求：------->http://localhost:8080/book?id=1&name=java編程思想&count=8

demo的github地址：

https://github.com/Macky-He/spring-boot--shardingsphere-examples 如各位覺得有幫助的話，還請給個star鼓勵鼓勵博主，謝謝！

三、總結(jié)

分庫分表實現(xiàn)按照官方文檔做一個demo是第一步，如需深入還需要研究源碼，研究架構(gòu)，研究思想；此文僅作為入門demo搭建指南，如需深入理解，還請移步至官方文檔。

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