Python插入Elasticsearch操作方法解析

更新時間：2020年01月19日 14:56:26 作者：cknds

這篇文章主要介紹了Python插入Elasticsearch操作方法解析,文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值,需要的朋友可以參考下

在用scrapy做爬蟲的時候，需要將數(shù)據(jù)存入的es中。網(wǎng)上找了兩種方法，照葫蘆畫瓢也能出來，暫記下來：

首先安裝了es，版本是5.6.1的較早版本

用pip安裝與es版本相對的es相關包

pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0

方法一：

以下是pipelines.py模塊的完整代碼

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import chardet

class SinafinancespiderPipeline(object):
  def process_item(self, item, spider):
    return item


# 寫入到es中,需要在settings中啟用這個類 ExchangeratespiderESPipeline
# 需要安裝pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0 注意與es版本需要對應
from elasticsearch_dsl import Date,Nested,Boolean,analyzer,Completion,Keyword,Text,Integer,DocType
from elasticsearch_dsl.connections import connections
connections.create_connection(hosts=['192.168.52.138'])
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
es = Elasticsearch()

class AticleType(DocType):
  page_from = Keyword()
  # domain報錯
  domain=Keyword()
  cra_url=Keyword()
  spider = Keyword()
  cra_time = Keyword()
  page_release_time = Keyword()
  page_title = Text(analyzer="ik_max_word")
  page_content = Text(analyzer="ik_max_word")
class Meta:
    index = "scrapy"
    doc_type = "sinafinance"
    # 以下settings和mappings都沒起作用，暫且記下
    settings = {
      "number_of_shards": 3,
    }
    mappings = {
      '_id':{'path':'cra_url'}
    }


class ExchangeratespiderESPipeline(DocType):
  from elasticsearch5 import Elasticsearch
  ES = ['192.168.52.138:9200']
  es = Elasticsearch(ES,sniff_on_start=True)

  def process_item(self, item, spider):

    spider.logger.info("-----enter into insert ES")
    article = AticleType()

    article.page_from=item['page_from']
    article.domain=item['domain']
    article.cra_url =item['cra_url']
    article.spider =item['spider']
    article.cra_time =item['cra_time']
    article.page_release_time =item['page_release_time']
    article.page_title =item['page_title']
    article.page_content =item['page_content']

    article.save()
    return item

以上方法能將數(shù)據(jù)寫入es，但是如果重復爬取的話，會重復插入數(shù)據(jù)，因為主鍵 ”_id” 是ES自己產(chǎn)生的，找不到自定義_id的入口。于是放棄。

方法二：實現(xiàn)自定義主鍵寫入，覆蓋插入

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
from elasticsearch5 import Elasticsearch

class SinafinancespiderPipeline(object):
  def process_item(self, item, spider):
    return item


# 寫入到es中,需要在settings中啟用這個類 ExchangeratespiderESPipeline
# 需要安裝pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0 注意與es版本需要對應
class SinafinancespiderESPipeline():
  def __init__(self):
    self.ES = ['192.168.52.138:9200']
    # 創(chuàng)建es客戶端
    self.es = Elasticsearch(
      self.ES,
      # 啟動前嗅探es集群服務器
      sniff_on_start=True,
      # es集群服務器結點連接異常時是否刷新es結點信息
      sniff_on_connection_fail=True,
      # 每60秒刷新節(jié)點信息
      sniffer_timeout=60
    )

  def process_item(self, item, spider):
    spider.logger.info("-----enter into insert ES")
    doc = {
      'page_from': item['page_from'],
      'domain': item['domain'],
      'spider': item['spider'],
      'page_release_time': item['page_release_time'],
      'page_title': item['page_title'],
      'page_content': item['page_content'],
      'cra_url': item['cra_url'],
      'cra_time': item['cra_time']
    }
    self.es.index(index='scrapy', doc_type='sinafinance', body=doc, id=item['cra_url'])

    return item

搜索數(shù)據(jù)的方法：

# 字典形式設置body
query = {
 'query': {
  'bool': {
   'must': [
    {'match': {'_all': 'python web'}}
   ],
   'filter': [
    {'term': {'status': 2}}
   ]
  }
 }
}
ret = es.search(index='articles', doc_type='article', body=query)

# 查詢數(shù)據(jù)
data = es.search(index='articles', doc_type='article', body=body)
print(data)
# 增加
es.index(...)
# 修改
es.update(...)
# 刪除
es.delete()

完成后

在settings.py模塊中注冊自定義的類

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
  # 'sinafinancespider.pipelines.SinafinancespiderPipeline': 300,
  'sinafinancespider.pipelines.SinafinancespiderESPipeline': 300,
}

以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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