MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)現(xiàn)MMM高可用群集架構(gòu)

更新時(shí)間：2019年12月04日 11:25:05 作者：wx5d3faba330584

這篇文章主要介紹了MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)現(xiàn)MMM高可用群集架構(gòu)，文中通過(guò)示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧

概念

MMM(Master-Master replication managerfor Mysql，Mysql主主復(fù)制管理器)是一套靈活的腳本程序，基于perl實(shí)現(xiàn)，用來(lái)對(duì)mysql replication進(jìn)行監(jiān)控和故障遷移，并能管理mysql Master-Master復(fù)制的配置(同一時(shí)間只有一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)是可寫(xiě)的)。

MMM高可用架構(gòu)說(shuō)明

mmm_mond：監(jiān)控進(jìn)程，負(fù)責(zé)所有的監(jiān)控工作，決定和處理所有節(jié)點(diǎn)角色活動(dòng)。此腳本需要在監(jiān)管機(jī)上運(yùn)行。
mmm_agentd：運(yùn)行在每個(gè)mysql服務(wù)器上的代理進(jìn)程，完成監(jiān)控的探針工作和執(zhí)行簡(jiǎn)單的遠(yuǎn)端服務(wù)設(shè)置。此腳本需要在被監(jiān)管機(jī)上運(yùn)行。
mmm_control：一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的腳本，提供管理mmm_mond進(jìn)程的命令。
mysql-mmm的監(jiān)管端會(huì)提供多個(gè)虛擬IP（VIP），包括一個(gè)可寫(xiě)VIP，多個(gè)可讀VIP，通過(guò)監(jiān)管的管理，這些IP會(huì)綁定在可用mysql之上，當(dāng)某一臺(tái)mysql宕機(jī)時(shí)，監(jiān)管會(huì)將VIP遷移至其他mysql。在整個(gè)監(jiān)管過(guò)程中，需要在mysql中添加相關(guān)授權(quán)用戶(hù)，以便讓mysql可以支持監(jiān)理機(jī)的維護(hù)。授權(quán)的用戶(hù)包括一個(gè)mmm_monitor用戶(hù)和一個(gè)mmm_agent用戶(hù)。

MMM的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

優(yōu)點(diǎn)：高可用性，擴(kuò)展性好，出現(xiàn)故障自動(dòng)切換，對(duì)于主主同步，在同一時(shí)間只提供一臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)寫(xiě)操作，保證的數(shù)據(jù)的一致性。
缺點(diǎn)： Monitor節(jié)點(diǎn)是單點(diǎn)，可以結(jié)合Keepalived實(shí)現(xiàn)高可用，對(duì)主機(jī)的數(shù)量有要求，需要實(shí)現(xiàn)讀寫(xiě)分離，對(duì)程序來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。

實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境部署

第一步:在四臺(tái)服務(wù)器上都需要安裝MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

1.配置ALI云源，然后安裝epel-release源

[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache

2.搭建本地yum源

#安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb

#關(guān)閉防火墻和安全功能
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

#開(kāi)啟數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service

3.修改ml主配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#刪除前9行，添加以下內(nèi)容
[mysqld]
log_error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err     #錯(cuò)誤日志的文件位置
log=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log      #訪問(wèn)日志的文件位置
log_slow_queries=/var/lib/mysql_slow_queris.log     #man日志的文件位置
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema     #mysql,information_schema不生成二進(jìn)制日志文件  
character_set_server=utf8        #字符集
log_bin=mysql_bin       #二進(jìn)制日志文件功能開(kāi)啟
server_id=1        #不同主機(jī)id不同
log_slave_updates=true       #授權(quán)同步
sync_binlog=1        #二進(jìn)制日志文件功能開(kāi)啟
auto_increment_increment=2       #自增量
auto_increment_offset=1         #起始值

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service 
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -natp | grep 3306

4.復(fù)制配置文件到其他三臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器,注意修改server_id

[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.142.134:etc/

5.進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),并查看日志文件信息

[root@localhost ~]# mysql

#查看記錄日志文件名稱(chēng)和位置值
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;    
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File       | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB     |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 |    245|       | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

6.在m1和m2上互相授予訪問(wèn)的權(quán)限,并授權(quán)同步日志

#在m1和m2上互相授予訪問(wèn)的權(quán)限
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.142.%' identified by '123456';

#在m1上指定m2的日志文件名和位置參數(shù)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.134',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;

#在m2上指定m1的日志文件名和位置參數(shù)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;

7.在m1上開(kāi)啟同步功能

MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;

8.查看同步狀態(tài),兩臺(tái)主服務(wù)器都要看到Y(jié)es

MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;

       Slave_IO_Running: Yes
      Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

9.在m1上創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

MariaDB [(none)]> create database school;

10.在m2上查看同步數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database      |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql       |
| performance_schema |
| school       |
| test        |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

11.在兩臺(tái)從上做-注意日志文件和位置參數(shù)的改變（都指向m1)

MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;

12.開(kāi)啟同步功能

MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;

#在從服務(wù)器上查看同步數(shù)據(jù)信息
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database      |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql       |
| performance_schema |
| school       |
| test        |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

13.在四臺(tái)服務(wù)器上安裝MMM相關(guān)軟件

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*

14.配置mmm_common.conf配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf

<host default>
#修改網(wǎng)卡為ens33
  cluster_interface    ens33
  pid_path        /run/mysql-mmm-agent.pid
  bin_path        /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/
  replication_user    replicantion

  #修改授權(quán)密碼
  replication_password  123456
  agent_user       mmm_agent

  #修改代理授權(quán)密碼
  agent_password     123456
</host>

#指定四臺(tái)服務(wù)器的角色與IP地址
<host db1>
  ip   192.168.142.131
  mode  master
  peer  db2
</host>

<host db2>
  ip   192.168.142.134
  mode  master
  peer  db1
</host>

<host db3>
  ip   192.168.142.130
  mode  slave
</host>

<host db4>
  ip   192.168.142.135
  mode  slave
</host>

#設(shè)定主服務(wù)器虛擬IP
<role writer>
  hosts  db1, db2
  ips   192.168.142.250
  mode  exclusive
</role>

#設(shè)定從服務(wù)器虛擬IP
<role reader>
  hosts  db3, db4
  ips   192.168.142.251, 192.168.142.252
  mode  balanced
</role>

15.從m1上面復(fù)制配置文件到其他三臺(tái)服務(wù)器

[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.134:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.130:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.135:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf

第二步:配置monitor監(jiān)控服務(wù)器

1.安裝epel-release源以及MMM相關(guān)軟件

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*

2.從m1上面復(fù)制配置文件到監(jiān)控服務(wù)器

[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.134:/etc/mysql-mmm/

3.配置mmm_common.conf配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf

<monitor>
  ip         127.0.0.1
  pid_path      /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid
  bin_path      /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm
  status_path     /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status

  #指向四臺(tái)服務(wù)器的IP地址
  ping_ips      192.168.142.131,192.168.142.134,192.168.142.130,192.168.142.135
  auto_set_online   10

4.在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器上為mmm_agent授權(quán)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.142.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

5.在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器上為mmm_moniter授權(quán)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.18.%' identified by '123456'; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

6.刷新數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器上設(shè)定代理名稱(chēng)

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf  #修改代理配置文件
#m1中默認(rèn)名稱(chēng)
this db1 

#m2中名稱(chēng)
this db2

#s1中名稱(chēng)
this db3

#s2中名稱(chēng)
this db4

7.所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器上啟動(dòng)代理功能并設(shè)定開(kāi)機(jī)自啟動(dòng)

#啟動(dòng)代理功能
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-agent.service

#設(shè)置開(kāi)機(jī)自啟動(dòng)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysql-mmm-agent.service

8.在monitor服務(wù)器開(kāi)啟監(jiān)控服務(wù)、查看各節(jié)點(diǎn)的情況

[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-monitor.service 
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show
 db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250)
 db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: 
 db3(192.168.142.130) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.252)
 db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251)

9、檢測(cè)所有服務(wù)器狀態(tài)

[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control checks all
db4 ping     [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db4 mysql    [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db4 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db4 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK: Backlog is null
db2 ping     [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db2 mysql    [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db2 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db2 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null
db3 ping     [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db3 mysql    [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db3 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db3 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null
db1 ping     [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK
db1 mysql    [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db1 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK
db1 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null

第三、故障測(cè)試

1、模擬m1服務(wù)器宕機(jī),停止服務(wù)

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service

2.當(dāng)m1服務(wù)器宕機(jī)后,m2接收虛擬IP繼續(xù)提供服務(wù)

[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show
 db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: 
 db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250)
 db3(192.168.142.130) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.252)
 db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251)

3.當(dāng)s1服務(wù)器宕機(jī)后,s2接收虛擬IP繼續(xù)提供服務(wù)

[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250) 
db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: 
db3(192.168.142.130) slave/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: 
db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251), reader(192.168.142.252

4.在m1服務(wù)器上為監(jiān)控服務(wù)器地址授權(quán)登錄

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.142.136' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

5.在監(jiān)控服務(wù)器上安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)客戶(hù)端

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb

6.在監(jiān)控服務(wù)器上使用指定用戶(hù)登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),并創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)信息

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.142.250
Enter password: 
#輸入密碼即可

#創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MariaDB [(none)]> create database BDQN;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

7.在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)上都能查看及時(shí)同步到的數(shù)據(jù)信息

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;  #查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
+--------------------+
| Database      |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| BDQN        |     #同步到的BDQN數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
| mysql       |
| performance_schema |
| school       |
| test        |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

到此MMM群集架構(gòu)已完成,謝謝閱讀!!!

以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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