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對(duì)python3 Serial 串口助手的接收讀取數(shù)據(jù)方法詳解

 更新時(shí)間:2019年06月12日 09:30:50   作者:返回主頁(yè) 木子宣  
今天小編就為大家分享一篇對(duì)python3 Serial 串口助手的接收讀取數(shù)據(jù)方法詳解,具有很好的參考價(jià)值,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過(guò)來(lái)看看吧

其實(shí)網(wǎng)上已經(jīng)有許多python語(yǔ)言書(shū)寫(xiě)的串口,但大部分都是python2寫(xiě)的,沒(méi)有找到一個(gè)合適的python編寫(xiě)的串口助手,只能自己來(lái)寫(xiě)一個(gè)串口助手,由于我只需要串口能夠接收讀取數(shù)據(jù)就可以了,故而這個(gè)串口助手只實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)的接收讀取。

創(chuàng)建串口助手首先需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)類(lèi),重構(gòu)類(lèi)的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程如下:

#coding=gb18030

import threading
import time
import serial

class ComThread:
 def __init__(self, Port='COM3'):
 #構(gòu)造串口的屬性
  self.l_serial = None
  self.alive = False
  self.waitEnd = None
  self.port = Port
  self.ID = None
  self.data = None
 #定義串口等待的函數(shù)
 def waiting(self):
  if not self.waitEnd is None:
   self.waitEnd.wait()

 def SetStopEvent(self):
  if not self.waitEnd is None:
   self.waitEnd.set()
  self.alive = False
  self.stop()
 #啟動(dòng)串口的函數(shù)
 def start(self):
  self.l_serial = serial.Serial()
  self.l_serial.port = self.port
  self.l_serial.baudrate = 115200
  #設(shè)置等待時(shí)間,若超出這停止等待
  self.l_serial.timeout = 2
  self.l_serial.open()
  #判斷串口是否已經(jīng)打開(kāi)
  if self.l_serial.isOpen():
   self.waitEnd = threading.Event()
   self.alive = True
   self.thread_read = None
   self.thread_read = threading.Thread(target=self.FirstReader)
   self.thread_read.setDaemon(1)
   self.thread_read.start()
   return True
  else:
   return False

創(chuàng)建好類(lèi)后,就要實(shí)現(xiàn)串口讀取的功能,其讀取數(shù)據(jù)的函數(shù)如下:

首先要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)字符串來(lái)存放接收到的數(shù)據(jù):

   data = ''
   data = data.encode('utf-8')#由于串口使用的是字節(jié),故而要進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)碼,否則串口會(huì)不識(shí)別

在創(chuàng)建好變量來(lái)接收數(shù)據(jù)后就要開(kāi)始接收數(shù)據(jù):

n = self.l_serial.inWaiting()#獲取接收到的數(shù)據(jù)長(zhǎng)度
   if n: 
     #讀取數(shù)據(jù)并將數(shù)據(jù)存入data
     data = data + self.l_serial.read(n)
     #輸出接收到的數(shù)據(jù)
     print('get data from serial port:', data)
     #顯示data的類(lèi)型,便于如果出錯(cuò)時(shí)檢查錯(cuò)誤
     print(type(data))

將數(shù)據(jù)接收完后,就要對(duì)接收到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,提取出有用信息,由于下位機(jī)使用的協(xié)議不一樣,因此處理的方法也不一樣,我使用的協(xié)議是**+ID+*Data+*,因此我的提取方法如下:

#獲取還沒(méi)接收到的數(shù)據(jù)長(zhǎng)度
n = self.l_serial.inWaiting()
#判斷是否已經(jīng)將下位機(jī)傳輸過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)全部提取完畢,防止之前沒(méi)有獲取全部數(shù)據(jù)
if len(data)>0 and n==0:
 try:
  #將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為字符型
  temp = data.decode('gb18030')
  #輸出temp類(lèi)型,看轉(zhuǎn)碼是否成功
  print(type(temp))
  #輸出接收到的數(shù)據(jù)
  print(temp)
  將數(shù)據(jù)按換行分割并輸出
  car,temp = str(temp).split("\n",1)
  print(car,temp)
 
  #將temp按':'分割,并獲取第二個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)
  string = str(temp).strip().split(":")[1]
  #由于前面分割后的數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型是列表,因此需要轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串,而后按照'*'分割,得到的也就是我們需要的Id和data
  str_ID,str_data = str(string).split("*",1)
 
  print(str_ID)
  print(str_data)
  print(type(str_ID),type(str_data))
  #判斷data最后一位是否是'*',若是則退出,若不是則輸出異常
  if str_data[-1]== '*':
   break
  else:
   print(str_data[-1])
   print('str_data[-1]!=*')
 except:
  print("讀卡錯(cuò)誤,請(qǐng)重試!\n")

其輸出結(jié)果為:

get data from serial port:b'ID:4A622E29\n\xbf\xa8\xd6\xd0\xbf\xe924\xca\xfd\xbe\xdd\xce\xaa:1*80*\r\n'
<class 'bytes'>
<class 'str'>
ID:4A622E29
卡中塊24數(shù)據(jù)為:1*80*

ID:4A622E29 卡中塊24數(shù)據(jù)為:1*80*
80*
<class 'str'> <class 'str'>

串口助手完整代碼如下:

#coding=gb18030

import threading
import time
import serial

class ComThread:
 def __init__(self, Port='COM3'):
  self.l_serial = None
  self.alive = False
  self.waitEnd = None
  self.port = Port
  self.ID = None
  self.data = None

 def waiting(self):
  if not self.waitEnd is None:
   self.waitEnd.wait()

 def SetStopEvent(self):
  if not self.waitEnd is None:
   self.waitEnd.set()
  self.alive = False
  self.stop()

 def start(self):
  self.l_serial = serial.Serial()
  self.l_serial.port = self.port
  self.l_serial.baudrate = 115200
  self.l_serial.timeout = 2
  self.l_serial.open()
  if self.l_serial.isOpen():
   self.waitEnd = threading.Event()
   self.alive = True
   self.thread_read = None
   self.thread_read = threading.Thread(target=self.FirstReader)
   self.thread_read.setDaemon(1)
   self.thread_read.start()
   return True
  else:
   return False

 def SendDate(self,i_msg,send):
  lmsg = ''
  isOK = False
  if isinstance(i_msg):
   lmsg = i_msg.encode('gb18030')
  else:
   lmsg = i_msg
  try:
   # 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)到相應(yīng)的處理組件
   self.l_serial.write(send)
  except Exception as ex:
   pass;
  return isOK

 def FirstReader(self):
  while self.alive:
   time.sleep(0.1)

   data = ''
   data = data.encode('utf-8')

   n = self.l_serial.inWaiting()
   if n:
     data = data + self.l_serial.read(n)
     print('get data from serial port:', data)
     print(type(data))

   n = self.l_serial.inWaiting()
   if len(data)>0 and n==0:
    try:
     temp = data.decode('gb18030')
     print(type(temp))
     print(temp)
     car,temp = str(temp).split("\n",1)
     print(car,temp)

     string = str(temp).strip().split(":")[1]
     str_ID,str_data = str(string).split("*",1)

     print(str_ID)
     print(str_data)
     print(type(str_ID),type(str_data))

     if str_data[-1]== '*':
      break
     else:
      print(str_data[-1])
      print('str_data[-1]!=*')
    except:
     print("讀卡錯(cuò)誤,請(qǐng)重試!\n")

  self.ID = str_ID
  self.data = str_data[0:-1]
  self.waitEnd.set()
  self.alive = False

 def stop(self):
  self.alive = False
  self.thread_read.join()
  if self.l_serial.isOpen():
   self.l_serial.close()
#調(diào)用串口,測(cè)試串口
def main():
 rt = ComThread()
 rt.sendport = '**1*80*'
 try:
  if rt.start():
   print(rt.l_serial.name)
   rt.waiting()
   print("The data is:%s,The Id is:%s"%(rt.data,rt.ID))
   rt.stop()
  else:
   pass
 except Exception as se:
  print(str(se))

 if rt.alive:
  rt.stop()

 print('')
 print ('End OK .')
 temp_ID=rt.ID
 temp_data=rt.data
 del rt
 return temp_ID,temp_data


if __name__ == '__main__':

 #設(shè)置一個(gè)主函數(shù),用來(lái)運(yùn)行窗口,便于若其他地方下需要調(diào)用串口是可以直接調(diào)用main函數(shù)
 ID,data = main()

 print("******")
 print(ID,data)

以上這篇對(duì)python3 Serial 串口助手的接收讀取數(shù)據(jù)方法詳解就是小編分享給大家的全部?jī)?nèi)容了,希望能給大家一個(gè)參考,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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